The product is genuine, produced by the brand or its authorized party, fake goods, illegal imitation

Legality is in the legal gray area, and the legality is different in different countries. It is clearly illegal.

Relationship with the brand. Without the authorization of the brand in the importing country, it completely infringes on the intellectual property rights of the brand.

The core driving force is to take advantage of the price difference in the international market to make profits through deception.

1. Product Differentiation: Creating material differences between products for different markets.

2. Promotional Incentives: Offering unique deals, loyalty schemes, or value-added services (like extended warranties or free samples) to customers who purchase through authorized channels, making parallel imports less appealing.