https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g How the Greeks and Romans contributed to Western civilization en-us 2016-09-08 00:59:09 UTC 2016-09-09 16:48:30 UTC hello@padlet.com 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122598144

Heinrich Schliemann was a German archaeologist discovered Greece which was a fortified site at the time. Mycenae Greeks were part of the Indo-European family. They entered Greece from the North around 1900 B.C. Mycenaean civilization was made up of powerful Monarchies. 

Mycenaean civilizations collapsed around 1100 B.C. From then until 750 B.C. was the dark age due to very little records from the period. The Greeks attacked Troy and captured it 10 years later. 

In 750 B.C. city-states became the central focus of Greek life. The town, city, or village served as a meeting spots for political, social, and religious activities. An acropolis was a place for refuge after an attack. Athen had a populations of more than 300,000 by fifth century B.C. Greek states had different forms of government. Sparta and Athens were the two most famous and powerful city-states.

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Between 800 B.C. and 600 B.C. the lives of spartans were rigidly organized and tightly controlled. Woman had greater freedom and power in the household due to the men always being away. The spartan government was an oligarchy governed by two kings. There was only vote on issues and no debate. To become more secure spartans turned their backs on the outside world. Foreigners were not allowed o visit in fear of that they would bring in new ideas. Spartans are not allowed to travel unless for military reasons. Art of war was the spartan ideal.

]]> 2016-09-08 20:48:39 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122598469 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122598721 By 700 B.C., Athens had become a unified polis on the peninsula of Attica. Athens was one ruled by a king but then became a an oligarchy under the control of the aristocrats. Citizens had few powers. Athens faced political turmoil due to serious economic problems. In 594 B.C. the aristocrats gave power to Solon, a reform-minded aristocrat. He canceled all land debts and freed people who were in slavery due to debts. These did not solve the problems of Athens. In 508 B.C. Cleisthenes gave citizens the central role in the Athenian political system which then became a democracy. ]]> 2016-09-08 20:50:41 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122598721 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122599098 Classical Greece was the period of Greek history from around 500 B.C. to 338 B.C. The greeks were attacked twice and they worked together to defeat the Persians twice. Athens took over the leadership of the Greek world due to the beating of the Persians. Pericles helped Athens expand its empire abroad. During the age of Pericles, the Athenians became deeply attached to their democratic system. All males in  Athens voted on all major issues. The growth of the Athenian empire left Greek with two major camps, Athens and Sparta. They had two  very different kinds of societies and when Sparta feared the growth of the athenian empire they attacked. this was the called the Great Peloponnesian War. It took place in 431 B.C. The athenian fleet was eventually destroyed and they surrendered. This made it very hard for Greek states to cooperate among themselves.]]> 2016-09-08 20:53:31 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122599098 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122599668 Classical Greek was concerned with expressing eternal ideas. The subject matter was the human being. The classic style was meant to civilize the emotions. In architecture the most important form was the temple dedicated to a god or goddess. Many fine examples of these were built in Athens. Architecture also developed a classical style. There were statues of male nude and the statues showed relaxed attitudes. ]]> 2016-09-08 20:58:01 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122599668 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122600144 Drama was created by the Greeks. Plays were presented in outdoor theaters as part of religious festivals. Greek tragedies dealt with things we deal today such as the nature of good and evil, the rights of the individual, the nature of divine forces and the nature of human beings. ]]> 2016-09-08 21:01:22 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122600144 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122600333

Early Greek philosophers were concerned  with the development of critical or rational thought about the nature of the universe. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle remain today as three of the greatest philosophers in the western world. Socrates was a sculptor but he loved philosophy. Socrates used the question-answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves. This method is still used today. The belief in an individuals ability to learn was an important contribution to the Greeks. Plato was one of Socrates students. Plato wrote a great deal of his thoughts. He was fascinated with he question on how we know what is real. His ideas about government were in a book entitled the "Republic". Plato did not believe in the workings of democracy. Plato thought that people should be divided into three basic groups. There would be upper class kings, a middle class, warriors, then all of the rest. He also believed that men and women should be treated equal. Aristotle was on of Plato’s pupils in his school known as the academy. Aristotle enjoyed analyzing and classifying things based on observation and investigation.  He wrote about many subjects including ethics, logic, politics, poetry, astronomy, geology, biology, and physics. Aristotle also wanted an effective form of government that would rationally direct human affairs. Aristotle found there good forms of government monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional government. He favored constitutional government as the best form for most people.

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The Greeks viewed their northern neighbors, the Macedonians, as barbarians. Later Philip II came in as ruler. He admired Greek culture. He was soon able to unite all of Greece under Macedonia. The Macedonian army crushed the Greeks. Philip was then assassinated before he could undertake the invasion of Asia. His son Alexander the Great then took over. Alexander moved quickly to fulfill his fathers dream of invading the Persian empire. Alexander was never able to do so as he moved east and north east and eventually ended up dying at the age of 32. 

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Alexander created a new age called the Hellenistic Era. It derived from the Greek word meaning “to imitate Greeks”. It is when South east Asia and beyond learned the Greek language and the ideas of the greeks.

The united empire that Alexander created fell apart soon after his death as the most important Macedonian generals engaged in a struggle for power. Eventually, four Hellenistic kingdoms emerged as successors to Alexander and they were Macedonia, Syria in the east, the kingdom of Pergamum, and Egypt. All were eventually conquered by the Romans. Hellenistic rulers encouraged a massive spread of Greek colonists to Southwest Asia. The greek cities of of the Hellenistic era became the chief agents in the spread of Greek culture in southwest Asia.

1. The hellenistic era was period of cultural accomplishments in many areas. Alexandria stood out and became home to poets, writers, philosophers, and scientists.  Both hellenistic kings and rich citizens patronized archaeologists. Thousands of statues were made all over the Hellenistic world. Sculptors moved on to more emotional and realistic art. 

]]> 2016-09-08 21:09:29 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122601572 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122602531 Greek Philosopher]]> 2016-09-08 21:17:14 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122602531 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122602745 Greek Philosopher]]> 2016-09-08 21:18:21 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122602745 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122603173 Statues]]> 2016-09-08 21:21:10 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122603173 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122603512 Homer wrote two epic poems called the Iliad and the Odyssey. These were stories that have been passed down from generation to generation. Homer used stories of the Trojan War. The Odyssey recounts the journeys of one of the Greek heroes, Odysseus, after the fall of Troy. Homer was said to have created history with his poems. The Greeks looked at his poems as true history and these were used for educational purposes. The poems taught students to be proud of their ancestors and heritage.]]> 2016-09-08 21:23:04 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122603512 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122604702 Athens had a democratic ideals where they gave citizens and people more power in government. We use a form of democracy today also. 
There were many Greek architects and there attention to the beauty of humans. we use greek style architecture toady and many buildings are based off of Greek ideas. 
The Greeks used Philosophy and Science and some philosophers wrote about many subjects that we use today. These subjects are taught in many schools. 
Greeks created Drama and they were trilogies that were presented outside. we have may plays and dramas that we have today. There are even clubs for them in your own school.
The Greeks also created the Olympics which is still going on today and has recently ended.]]> 2016-09-08 21:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122604702 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122606310 The people of Rome spoke latin which, like Greek, is an Indo-European language. 
You can see the Greek influence on architecture in Roman buildings. Colonnades and rectangular buildings were what they used. They also used greek statues and placed them in buildings or even some households. 
Art and latin literature were used in the roman empire and it was also used in greek also.  
Rome almost became a democracy like Greek but then wealthy plebeian and patrician families formed a new ruling senatorial class. ]]> 2016-09-08 21:43:47 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122606310 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122613689 Christianity had become  areligious movement within Judaism. After the hearings that Jesus has risen from the dead, more followers began to come. By 100, Christian churches have been placed in most of the major cities of the eastern empire. Romans began to persecute many catholics because they would not believe in the state gods. Christianity then began to become more organized and grew again. Christianity began to grow and spread widely. Christianity fulfilled the human need to belong. Christianity proved attractive to all classes, especially to the poor and powerless. When Constantine became the first Christian emperor Christianity prospered. Then, under Theodosius the Great, the Romans adopted Christianity as their religion.]]> 2016-09-08 23:10:11 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122613689 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122614940 2016-09-08 23:24:29 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122614940 87268 https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122615023 2016-09-08 23:25:23 UTC https://padlet.com/87268/j02ysb64681g/wish/122615023