Emperess Chabi, Khubilai Khan's chief wife, wears a heavily ornamented gugu hat in her official portrait. It is believed to be red silk fashioned with pearls. The interior of these hats were often rigid, sometimes made from birch bark, covered with cloth and with precious stones, gold, designs worked onto it, and sometimes feathers on top to extend its height.

The Flemish-Franciscan friar William of Rubruck commented that from afar, these noblewoman riding on horses looked much like soldiers with helmets.

(James C. Watt, The World of Khubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty)

resource: Gugu hat explained

https://archive.artic.edu/taoism/renaissance/l145.php

https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1997.95

metmuseum.org

metmuseum.org

Some Wine jars had Lotus shaped leaves as the lid and were made from silver.

Many Yuan Artists have also copied the Tibetans when it came to creating wooden jugs and other vessels.

Pine and Spring was painted in 1338 by Wu Zhen, a reclusive painter that received little attention during his life. He later became more popular for his style during the Ming period when he was deemed one of the Four Great Masters of the late Yuan dynasty. This piece is ink painted on paper and is 41 ⅝ by 12 ½ in. Pine and Spring is influenced by both Confucianism and Daoism as seen in his depiction of Wu playing qin and a crane. The former is an example of Confucian iconography while the latter is associated with Daoism. Both of these images are placed beneath a pine tree which has ties to both. This type of “dragon” tree symbolizes longevity and is believed to represent enlightenment within Daoist ideas. (2)

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/41468

The chin band consists of colorful hardstone beads, and the top is ornamented.

In the Yuanshi, Emperess Chabi is credited with adding (at Khubulai's suggestion) a brim to men's hats, to lessen the glare from the sun.

(James C. Watt, The World of Khubilai: Chinese Art of the Yuan Dynasty, Ch3)

"Viewing lotus, rowing on the Taiye

Bright colored ducks among green leaves.

Little ones, note this: Embroidered on

Court ladies' coats are 'ponds of beauty'."

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/29361/fourteen-portraits-of-the-daoist-priest-wu-quanjie-between-t;jsessionid=AAD896AC9623667FD252EF1A823C7ED7

James C.Y. Watt, The World of Khubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty, pp. 145-147.

https://theme.npm.edu.tw/khan/Article.aspx?sNo=03009149&lang=2

A handscroll made of ink on paper, Beneficent Rain was created by Zhang Yucai. The artist was only active for a short period from 1294-1316 making Beneficent Rain his only extant painting. The painting is 10 ⅝ by 107 in and depicts a group of dragons swirling among waves and shadows. As the scroll is opened and closed they appear to emerge and disappear into the depth Zhang Yucai created.  The gentle flow of the dragons and the water bring to mind rain, a technique many praised the artist for. The resemblance suggests it may have been created to be used in rainmaking rituals. (6)

Clothing in the Mongol Empire - World History Encyclopedia

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/10492

James C.Y. Watt, The World of Khubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty, pp. 150-151.

For this particular piece is lacquer which is a type of hard and usually shiny coating or finish applied to materials such as wood or metal. It is most often made from resin extracted from trees and waxes. It is a picture of two birds flying in a kind of a circle shape with flowers surrounding them. The circle shape can represent a kind of harmony or a notion of unity, no beginning no end just existence. In the late 13th century this Song style with birds was often depicted.

“Dish with two birds and hollyhocks. This piece is carved lacquer of the late Yuan but is more complex than other Yuan arts. Other pieces show little or no overlap and the specific figures on the dish would not touch but this one they are touching and it just shows another way we can depict the Song art form Yuan art and the complexities of the societies.

Sometimes the helmet might include a neck guard, and on top possibly a plume or a ball and spike.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Chinese-painting/Five-Dynasties-907-960-and-Ten-Kingdoms-902-978#ref601975

https://collections.mfa.org/download/28526

Painted sometime in the later half of the 14th century by Fang Congyi, Cloudy Mountains is ink and color on paper in the form of a handscroll. Mysterious landscapes such as the misty mountain view in this piece show the Daoist desire to find one’s destiny. The artist was  born in the south of Yuan but spent time in the Yuan capital with access to the imperial collection of paintings from the Jin-dynasty. This means that Fang Congyi was influenced by other artists coming from both southern and northern areas of the Yuan dynasty and Cloudy Mountains is clear evidence of this. (9)

The fabrics used for this style of garment varied greatly depending on the ethnicity and area in which the garment was produced. The intricacy of the garments also varied, some have been discovered with impressive ornamentation and others have abstained from any decoration at all. The ornamentation is suspected to delineate the occasion it was worn, not the status of the wearer. 

Other styles of dress have been uncovered for the Mongols. There were garments with heavy ornamentation to delineate the occasion it was used for. The ornamentation is suspected not to announce status or professional prowess, instead announcing skill for leisure activities. Common symbols were game animals, such as deer or hare.

For example, red symbolizes luck, prosperity, and beauty. Yellow is the color of royalty, reserved for Emperors. Green represents fertility and growth.

Blue means healing, longevity, and can symbolize spring. Black is assigned to water and represents heaven, and also is the color of knowledge and power. White symbolizes mourning and is worn at funerals.

"In the Chinese Five Elements Theory, a traditional philosophy about natural interactions used in fengshui etc., red represents 'fire', yellow 'earth', white 'metal', black 'water', and green (or blue) 'wood'."