In the first political reform, he stressed the authority of laws. Shang Yang created the harshest law with the citation of two theories from Li Kui's Book of Law. The core idea is that providing punishment equal to those of the perpetrators for those aware of a crime but failing to inform the government. No matter the friend of the criminal or son, wife and relatives they will get the same punishment. This is called “Lian Zuo” (Lewis, 1999). Lian Zuo is also used in military, those deserters in the war including their relatives will be hanged as well. On the other hand, government allocates land to soldiers based on their military successes. This policy encourages those stripping nobilities who are unwilling to join the army to fight for their own land rights. The contribution was separated into twenty military ranks based on battlefield achievements. This policy enabled the Qin to acquire abundant soldiers and helped the Qin dynasty build the military power necessary to unify China. (Lewis, 1999)

 

Secondly, Shang Yang focused on the development of agriculture and restrain the development of business and trade. In Qin state, businessman was required to pay expensive tax. In contrast, those farmers will receive various government subsidy if they were able to exceed harvest quotas. These lands could be traded by farmers. However, manpower was short in Qin relative to the other states at the time. To increase manpower, Shang Yang made laws forcing citizens to marry at a young age and decreased the tax to encourage raising multiple children. Shang Yang encouraged peasants from other states to migrate actively as a replacement workforce and reward the land to these farmers. Lastly, Yang advised Marquess of Hui to move the capital to Xianyang, in order to reduce the influence of nobles on the administration 

 

Secondly, construction of large-scale water conservancy projects started in Warring State Period. Du Jiang Yan and Zheng Guo Qu are the proof of development during the Warring States Period. Du Jiang Yan was built by Ling Bing, the system's infrastructure develops on the Min River, the longest tributary of the Yangtze. This Irrigation System consists of three main constructions that work in harmony with one another to keep the fields well supplied with water and prevent flood. Meanwhile, this dam is also responsible for the filtration of water and mud in the water 

 

Confucius concentrate on the class of emperor and their intellectual and ethical cultivation. As a low aristocrat himself, Confucius also wanted to rethink notions of status, class, and hierarchy in society. Filial piety- respect to your parents, is one of the most important core ideas of Confucius. In general, Confucianism is a philosophy of respect for its traditions and the past. These ideas attributed to Confucius had likely already been in circulation in Chinese society for thousand years. (Bentley, 2015) 

 

Legalism lay emphasis on the notion of strict law, harsh, order, collective punishments. This idea greatly influenced the Marquess of Zheng’s despotism and centralized rule. Shang Yang’s reform follows Legalism and make Qin become the strongest state in the Warring State Period. However, the judgement to Legalism is controversial. (Sanft, 2014)

 

Daoism differs from Confucianism by not focusing on social order and rigid rituals. Daoism was often explained as resistant to definition or description including a shapeless, nameless, but also a creative force in the universe. This seems like a contradiction, but it makes sense Daoism is considered as a kind of anti-activism. It reveals that the best life should be one of willful ignorance, avoid getting involved in politics or public life and seeking no knowledge. The Dao is concentrated on the natural order of the universe, and Daoism criticizes that human beings are the only species that disobey the Dao. Rather than seek to elevate oneself through words and deeds, Dao revealed a spirituality called Wu WEI, or giving in to thoughtless, inaction, natural action and effortless