https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa en-us 2017-05-18 11:04:09 UTC 2017-05-18 17:58:41 UTC hello@padlet.com olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172542557 Main concern was how society maintained social order through the collective conscience. Sociology should be a study of social facts and studied objectively.
Society can externally constrain individuals based in social integration and social regulation, these constraints can shape our behaviour (link to suicide)]]> 2017-05-18 11:08:39 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172542557 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172543752 Instrumental: Material needs, supported by economic and political subsystems.
Expressive: Emotional needs, supported by the kinship and cultural subsystem.]]> 2017-05-18 11:17:35 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172543752 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172544107 Interested in value consensus and through socialisation and social control agencies, value consensus is maintained; society is linked up of elements that meet functional prerequisites.
Adaptation: Economic production to ensure physical needs are met. Supported by the Economic function.
Goal attainment: Making decisions for the masses. Supported by the Political function.
Integration: Need to control conflict. Supported by social harmony.
Latency: Maintenance of value consensus. Supported by the family.]]> 2017-05-18 11:19:59 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172544107 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172544655 1. Organic Analogy: In a highly differentiated society, the functional unity is less likely, and some aspects may act to divide rather than unite.
2. All parts of society have positive functions: Some parts of society may be dysfunctional, Durkheim and Parsons ignore the possibility of distinguishing between positive functions-
Manifest Function: Deliberate and intended function
Latent Function: Unintended function.
3. Certain institutions are indispensible: Functions performed by religion or the family can be performed by other institutions, so it is wrong to assume society cannot function without them.]]> 2017-05-18 11:23:30 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172544655 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172545744 Logical Criticisms- Teleology is the idea that things exist because of their functions, a real explanation is one that identifies its cause.
Action perspective: Criticises functionalists 'over-socialised' view of the individual.]]> 2017-05-18 11:29:37 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172545744 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172546328 Wanted a scientific explanation of society. Those who owned economic power were able to control society ensuring norms and values mirrored their own and they were generally accepted- even if they were not benefitting them.
EVAL: Simplistic, one-dimensional view of inequality as he sees class as the only important division.]]> 2017-05-18 11:33:18 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172546328 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172546700 1. Humanistic or critical Marxism: some similarities with action and interpretive sociology
2. Scientific or structuralist Marxsim: structural approach and has similarities with positivist sociology]]> 2017-05-18 11:35:45 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172546700 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172546975 The social structure was made up of three different levels:
The Economic level- production to satisfy a need
The Political level- compromising all forms of organisation
The ideological level- involving ways in which people see themselves.
With these levels exist two important tools that the bourgeoisie use to control the proletariat:
The ideological state apparatus and The repressive state apparatus. Didn't believe that the proletariat had dual class consciousness, any exploitation was permitted by the bourgeoise.
EVAL: Too deterministic according to humanist marxists.]]> 2017-05-18 11:37:19 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172546975 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172559466 Discusses the concept of hegemony to explain how the bourgeoisie use ideas and values to prevent a proletariat revolution by winning consent of the working class.
The bourgeoisie along with hegemony, use coercion to control the proletariat. Hegemony can never be complete because:
-The ruling class are a minority
-The proletariat have a dual consciousness.
EVAL: Over emphasises the power of individual]]> 2017-05-18 12:37:13 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172559466 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172562037 Key concept is patriarchy, which is universal and the biggest source of social conflict and inequality in society. All men oppress all women and patriarchy occurs in both the public and private sphere.
Separatism: Females to live separately
Consciousness Raising: Sharing experience and collectively re-claiming their power
Political Lesbianism: The only non-oppressive form of sexuality
EVAL: Claimed to be too essentialist

]]> 2017-05-18 12:46:35 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172562037 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172637075 Women are a source of cheap, exploitable labour and serve to reproduce the labour force and absorb anger.
EVAL: Does not explain inequality in non-capitalist societies.]]> 2017-05-18 16:50:58 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172637075 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172639173 Laws and policies can create equality for women, as sexism is culturally constructed and transmitted via socialisation.
EVAL: Fail to look at the underlying social causes of female oppression]]> 2017-05-18 16:58:20 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172639173 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172639814 Combine Marxist and Radical feminism as it focuses on :
The economic system
The gender system
To fully understand 'patriarchal capitalism' we must look at the private and public spheres]]> 2017-05-18 17:00:32 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172639814 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172640316 Criticise other feminists for ignoring the individual experiences of all women. Women are not a single homogenous group and all women have different experiences based on: sexuality; social class; ethnicity and family background.
Criticise early feminists for claiming to speak on behalf of all women,  when in reality they only spoke on behalf of white, middle-class, heterosexual women]]> 2017-05-18 17:02:10 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172640316 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172641068 Focus on discourse, feel as though middle-class, white women dominate feminism.
EVAL: Walby argues that although women are different, some have similar experiences]]> 2017-05-18 17:04:44 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172641068 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172642673 Aim was to achieve Verstehen. Classified meanings that actors give to their actions into 4 types:
Instrumentally Rational Action- Calculates the most efficient way of achieving a given goal
Value Rational Action- A goal the actor views as desirable for its own sake
Traditional Action- Involves customary, routine and habitual actions
Affectual Action- Action expresses emotion
EVAL: Doesn't consider why we recognise some actions collectively]]> 2017-05-18 17:10:43 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172642673 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172644016 We do not respond to stimulus in an automatic and pre-determined way. Before we respond, we interpret the meaning of an action and then choose an appropriate response, we do this by putting ourselves in the other person]]> 2017-05-18 17:15:34 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172644016 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172644554 Actions are based on meanings we give to situations, meanings arise form interaction and are not fixed, meanings are a result of interpretive procedures.
Blumer suggests our behaviour is partly predictable, but there is always room for negotiation i how we perform in institutions]]> 2017-05-18 17:17:18 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172644554 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172644997 We define our self-concept as a result of how we think other people see us. We embrace those labels which leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy.]]> 2017-05-18 17:18:58 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172644997 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172645415 Argues we actively construct our 'self' by manipulating other people's impression of us:
Presentation of self= Seek to present a particular image
Impression management= Then study our audience to see how they respond to the self we have presented and adjust our performance when necessary]]> 2017-05-18 17:20:17 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172645415 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172646021 The meaning of any experience varies according to its social context. Schutz argues that we share knowledge of various contexts and the meanings of them which allows us to communicate and co-operate. Without these 'share typifications' social order would be impossible]]> 2017-05-18 17:22:31 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172646021 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172646983 Social order is an accomplishment, something that is constructed actively everyday. Garfinkel looked at the methods or rules that we use to produce the meanings in the first place:
Indexicality- nothing has a fixed meaning. This is a threat to social order, because if meanings are unclear then communication becomes difficult.
Reflexivity- we behave as if meanings are clear and obvious, using common-sense knowledge to prevent indexicality.
EVAL: denies the existence of wider society- ignores the impact of wider society]]> 2017-05-18 17:26:17 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172646983 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172648988 In reality, society is probably best understood using a mixture of structural and action approaches. Constraints from social structures can control the behaviour of groups and individuals, but individuals can make their own choices. Human beings create and reinforce, or can change a destroy these structures]]> 2017-05-18 17:34:41 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172648988 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172649739 Three main elements of modernity:
1. Economic- involved the growth of the capitalist market economy
2. Political- emergence of the centralised nation state
3. Culture- emphasis on scientific and technical knowledge.
Characterised by stability and overt social control. Unfragmented and focused around production. The disenchantment of society stressed the importance of scientific knowledge. A focus on scientific research that helped sociology become an academic success.]]> 2017-05-18 17:37:57 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172649739 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172650804 Late modernity is characterised by the boundaries of time and space, also reflexivity where individuals actively construct their own identity]]> 2017-05-18 17:42:18 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172650804 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172651458 Characterised by instability and fragmentation due to a rejection of traditional values. Valid or invalid knowledge doesn't exist and there is now a plurality of truth. Theories claiming to hold a monopoly have been rejected due to a lack of evidence, individuals now create their own choice.]]> 2017-05-18 17:45:06 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172651458 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172651783 Meta-narratives are simplistic and reductionist, knowledge is no longer a tool of the authorities.
The victory of capitalism has caused the idea of a perfect society to be abandoned in pursuit of goods and services.]]> 2017-05-18 17:46:37 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172651783 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172651960 Simulacra are the experiences that people accept as real when they are not always accurate. We live in a hyper-reality dominated by consumerism]]> 2017-05-18 17:47:10 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172651960 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172652657 Modernity underwent a global transformation, and we should now focus on trying to understanding the cosmopolitan condition, amplified by globalisation e.g. transnational news coverage, international criminality.]]> 2017-05-18 17:49:51 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172652657 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172653380 Marketisation of education
EMA
Education Action Zones]]> 2017-05-18 17:52:42 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172653380 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172653599 Divorce Reform Act
Marital Rape Act
Civil Partnership Act

]]> 2017-05-18 17:53:29 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172653599 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172653821 Job Seekers Allowance
Tax Credits]]> 2017-05-18 17:54:18 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172653821 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172654082 Far left policies are likely to have less support]]> 2017-05-18 17:55:25 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172654082 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172654369 Left or Right Wing]]> 2017-05-18 17:56:45 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172654369 olivia_flavell99 https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172654586 Sociology can make a difference to social policy. Townsend believed that the recommendations made regarding poverty could make a difference to social policy]]> 2017-05-18 17:57:47 UTC https://padlet.com/olivia_flavell99/ixycycav1jfa/wish/172654586