8th A - Biographies by CLAUDIA AFFONSO

Obama

2021-10-29 21:16:08 UTC

Barack Hussein Obama II is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017, becoming the first African American to hold the position. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama holds a degree in political science from Columbia University and a law degree from Harvard University, where he was chairman of the Harvard Law Review. He also served as a community organizer, a civil rights attorney, and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. Obama represented the 13th district in the Illinois Senate from 1994 to 2004 for three terms. up, unsuccessfully, to the United States Congress in 2000. In 2004, after winning the Democratic primary in the Illinois Senate election, Obama was asked to deliver the keynote address at that year's Democratic National Convention, and in turn received national media attention. In November, he was elected Senator with nearly 70% of the vote. Obama began his presidential campaign in 2007 and in 2008, after a close dispute in the party's primaries with Hillary Clinton, he garnered enough support to win the Democratic Party's nomination for the presidency of the United States. He defeated Republican candidate John McCain in the November general election, having been sworn in as president on January 20, 2009 During his first term, Obama sanctioned economic stimulus proposals and other initiatives in response to the Great Recession and the financial crisis. Other important national initiatives in this period include the passing and enactment of the Patient Care and Protection Act, which was renamed Obamacare, and repealed the policy. Obama was re-elected president in November 2012, defeating Republican Mitt Romney, and was sworn in for a second term on January 20, 2013. During his second term, Obama promoted internal policies related to gun control in response to the shooting in the country. Sandy Hook primary school and other massacres, and advocated for LGBT equality. Externally, in order to contain the threat of the Islamic State group in the Middle East region, it ordered the return of military troops to Iraq and authorized air and naval attacks in Syria. In addition, it continued the plan to close US combat operations in Afghanistan, promoted discussions that led to the 2015 Paris Agreement on global climate change, signed a nuclear agreement with Iran, and started the process of normalizing relations between Cuba and USA

SOURCE: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama#:~:text=Born%20in%20Honolulu%2C%20no%20Hawaii,president%20da%20Harvard%20Law%20Review.&text=He%20defeated%20o %20candidate%20republican,%20%20January%20%202009.
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CARRIED OUT BY: KalLyel, Miguel, Murilo, Othávio, Pedro Henrique, Yuri

Barack Hussein Obama II é um advogado e político norte-americano que serviu como o 44.º presidente dos Estados Unidos de 2009 a 2017, sendo o primeiro afro-americano a ocupar o cargo. Nascido em Honolulu, no Havaí, Obama é graduado em ciência política pela Universidade Columbia e em direito pela Universidade de Harvard, onde foi presidente da Harvard Law Review. Também atuou como organizador comunitário, advogado na defesa de direitos civis e ensinou direito constitucional na escola de direito da Universidade de Chicago entre 1992 a 2004. Obama representou por três mandatos o 13.º distrito no Senado de Illinois entre 1994 a 2004, tentando eleger-se, sem sucesso, ao Congresso dos Estados Unidos em 2000.

Em 2004, após vencer a primária democrata da eleição para o Senado em Illinois, Obama foi convidado para fazer o discurso principal da Convenção Nacional Democrata daquele ano, e, com isso recebeu atenção nacional da mídia. Em novembro, foi eleito Senador com quase 70% dos votos. Obama começou sua campanha presidencial em 2007 e em 2008, depois de uma acirrada disputa nas primárias do partido com Hillary Clinton, conseguiu apoio suficiente para ganhar a nomeação do Partido Democrata para a presidência dos Estados Unidos. Ele derrotou o candidato republicano John McCain na eleição geral de novembro, tendo sido empossado presidente em 20 de janeiro de 2009

Durante seu primeiro mandato, Obama sancionou propostas de estimulo econômico e outras iniciativas em resposta à Grande Recessão e à crise financeira. Outras importantes iniciativas nacionais neste período incluem a aprovação e sanção da Lei de Proteção e Cuidado ao Paciente, projeto este que passou a ser chamado de Obamacare, e revogou a política

Obama foi reeleito presidente em novembro de 2012, derrotando o republicano Mitt Romney, e foi empossado para um segundo mandato em 20 de janeiro de 2013. Durante seu segundo mandato, Obama promoveu políticas internas relacionadas com o controle de armas, em resposta ao tiroteio na escola primária de Sandy Hook e outros massacres, e defendeu a igualdade LGBT. No âmbito externo, a fim de conter a ameaça do grupo Estado Islâmico na região do Oriente Médio, ordenou a volta de tropas militares ao Iraque e autorizou ataques aéreos e navais na Síria. Além disso, continuou o plano de encerramento das operações de combate norte-americanas no Afeganistão, promoveu discussões que levaram ao Acordo de Paris de 2015 sobre mudanças climáticas globais, firmou um acordo nuclear com o Irã, e iniciou o processo de normalização das relações entre Cuba e EUA.

FONTE: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama#:~:text=Nascido%20em%20Honolulu%2C%20no%20Havaí,presidente%20da%20Harvard%20Law%20Review.&text=Ele%20derrotou%20o%20candidato%20republicano,20%20de%20janeiro%20de%202009.

PARA ACOMPANHAR O VIDEO BASTA COPIAR O SEGUINTE LINK: https://globoplay.globo.com/v/9029995/?s=0s
TRABALHO REALIZADO POR: KalLyel, Miguel, Murilo, Othávio, Pedro Henrique, Yuri

Zumbi (1655 – November 20, 1695), also known as Zumbi dos Palmares, was a Brazilian of Kongo origin and a quilombola leader, being one of the pioneers of resistance to slavery of Africans by the Portuguese in Brazil. He was also the last of the kings of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a settlement of Afro-Brazilian people who had liberated themselves from enslavement in that same settlement, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. Zumbi today is revered in Afro-Brazilian culture as a powerful symbol of resistance against the enslavement of Africans in the colony of Brazil. He was married to the queen and also great warrior Dandara.

2021-11-04 22:47:31 UTC

grupo:
Augusto Melo
Igor Biason
Pedro de Campos
Raj Piovezan

Biography of Malala Yousafzai

2021-11-08 18:05:44 UTC

Malala Yousafzai Biography
Malala Yousafzai (1997) is a children's rights activist, a young Pakistani woman who was attacked for defending girls' right to go to school. At 17, she was the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Childhood
Malala Yousafzai was born in the Swat Valley of northern Pakistan on July 12, 1997. Daughter of Ziauddin Yousafzai and Tor Pekai Yousafzai, at birth, no neighbors went to congratulate her parents. In parts of Pakistan, such as the Swat Valley, only the birth of boys is celebrated. The girls are forced to get married early, they have children at the age of 14, but “Malala”, which means “taken by sadness”, escaped this fate thanks to her family that always supported her desire to study.
Her mother lived in the kitchen, and her father, a teacher and school owner, saw in Malala a perfect student and, contrary to local habits, after putting her two children to bed, encouraged her daughter to enjoy physics, literature, history and politics and to resent the injustices of the world.
When he was 10 years old, Malala saw the Taliban make the Swat Valley their territory. Under the parallel government of the fundamentalist militia, schools were forced to close their doors – those that disobeyed were dynamited. At that time, Malala was studying at the school her father owned and which, like the others, had to be closed.
In 2008, at the age of 11, Malala was already defending in her blog the right of girls to attend school. At age 12, in order to continue going to school, she hid her uniform inside her backpack so as not to be attacked and beaten on the way. At that time, it was recorded in a documentary made by the New York Time, in which Malala stated that she wanted to be a doctor and, for that, she would continue studying anywhere else.
Malala and the Attack
In 2010, although the government announced the expulsion of the Taliban from Pakistan's Swat Valley region, militia continued to roam the area. Malala, who was already known for defending the girls' right to education in interviews and lectures, started to receive death threats.
On October 9, 2012, 15-year-old Malala, who was studying in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, was on her way home from school bus stopped by Taliban members, who climbed on board and asked, “Who is Malala?”. No one responded, but one of the terrorists recognized her and fired three shots at her head.
exile in england
Malala was rescued and taken to a hospital, where she remained in serious condition. When she showed some improvement, she was taken to Birmingham, England, to be treated at a hospital specializing in the care of war wounded.
Malala survived the attack, recovered and did not back down from his convictions. It became the spokesperson for a cause – the right to education. Her family moved to Birmingham, where they live in exile.
Malala and her family
Speech at the UN
On July 12, 2013, when he celebrated his 16th birthday, Malala went to New York, where he spoke to an audience of representatives from over 100 countries at the United Nations Youth Assembly. At the end of the speech, he made it clear that the cause for which he came close to dying remains the same: “Our books and pens are the most powerful weapons. A child, a teacher, a book and a pen can change the world. Education is the only solution”.
Book and Awards
In October 2013, her story was published in the autobiography “I Am Malala”, written by Christina Lamb, for which she received the equivalent of 7 million reis. Malala announced the creation of a fund named after her to promote education for girls in Pakistan. On October 10, 2013, Malala Yousafzai received the Sakharov Prize, given by the European Parliament.
On October 10, 2014, at the age of 17, Malala received the “Nobel Peace Prize”, becoming the youngest recipient of the award. The honor was shared with 60-year-old Hindu Kailash Satyarthi, who led missions to rescue 80,000 children working in slave conditions in India.
On March 29, 2018, Malala returned to Pakistan, after six years, when he met the Pakistani prime minister in the capital Islamabad. Malala gave a short televised speech when she got emotional and said that if it were up to her, she would never have left Pakistan.
University graduate
In 2020, aged 22, eight years after suffering the attack, Malala Yousafzai completed the Faculty of Political and Economic Philosophy at the University of Oxford.

Fonte: ebiografia
https://youtu.be/MWobrYnLcWM
NOMES:
Ariadne-02
Sabrina-30
Yasmin-32
Ana Júlia-36

marielle franco biography students: Nayra, ana luisa and letícia

leticiagabriela1 — 2021-11-08 20:57:19 UTC

Marielle Franco was born and raised in a favela in Complexo da maré , in the Rio suburbs, in 1990, at age 11 she started working with her parents in a street vendor, saving money to pay for her college education.
In 2000 she began fighting for human rights after one of her friends was fatally shot in an exchange of gunfire between police and drug dealers on the tide.
Marielle was a black, feminist, poor and gay woman, she represented a number of minorities throughout her political life, she defended feminism, human rights and criticized the federal intervention in Rio de Janeiro and the Military Police, having denounced several cases abuse of authority by police officers against residents of poor communities.

Pabllo VittarDrag Queen

2021-11-08 21:45:36 UTC

Brazilian drag queen Pabllo Vittar combines electronic dance-pop with elements of Brazilian music and has swiftly become an icon for her country's LGBTQ community, as well as an international star. Pabllo Vittar is the on-stage alter ego of Phabullo Rodrigues da Silva. Born in 1994 and brought up in the island city of São Luís, capital of the northern state of Maranhão, she was bullied as a child for her voice and looks, later coming out as gay. Inspired to become a singer by divas such as Aretha Franklin, Donna Summer, and Whitney Houston, and Brazilian legends Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso, she began performing and songwriting in her teens.

Phabullo Rodrigues da Silva (São Luís, November 1, 1993), known by his stage name Pabllo Vittar, is a Brazilian singer and drag queen. Because of his unprecedented success as a drag queen music artist, Vittar has been credited with influencing public interest in other music artists who are also drag queens, in addition to trans and transvestite artists. He is also known for his activism for the rights of LGBT people, for which, in 2019, Time magazine included him in its list of Leaders of the Next Generation. Vittar was cited by Forbes as "the most popular drag queen in the world".
Born in São Luís and raised in cities in the country of Maranhão and Pará, Vittar had his taste for music influenced by his mother and became interested in the art of drag queens in his teens. His first professional performances took place at a nightclub in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, and he gained attention on the internet after the release of the song "Open Bar" in October 2015. In December of the same year, his first extended play (EP) was released , also titled Open Bar. The following year, he joined the cast of the show Amor & Sex, on TV Globo, performing musical numbers in the attraction for two seasons. In 2017, Vittar achieved greater recognition by releasing his debut album Vai Passar Mal, which was certified platinum by Pro-Música Brasil (PMB) and generated singles such as "Todo Dia", "K.O." and "Sensual Body". Her second and third studio albums, Não Para Não (2018) and 111 (2020) were certified platinum by the PMB.

Referred to as an "emblem of gender fluidity", Vittar makes public appearances with and without his artistic characterization and expressed his preference for treatment in the female pronoun when he is "in drag", but also showed indifference to the gender-specific pronouns used. to address him. His music is often a mix of pop with a variety of genres, including musical styles he grew up listening to, such as tecnomelody, arrocha and forró.

Biography Rosa Parks

pedrocornicelli — 2021-11-08 22:52:37 UTC

Rosa Parks Biography

Parks was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, in the southern United States. Rosa was the daughter of James and Leona McCauley and grew up on a farm. Due to health problems in the family, she was forced to interrupt her studies and began working as a seamstress. When her parents separated, she moved to the city of Montgomery.

In 1932 he married Raymond Parks, a member of the National Association for the Advancement of People of Color (NAACP), an organization that fights for the civil rights of blacks, of which Rosa became a militant.

Since 1900, public transportation in the city of Montgomery, Alabama, was legally segregated by race (many southern states also had similar laws). The black community has always complained about the system, saying it was unfair, but state courts have always supported segregation.

At dusk on December 1, 1955, Parks boarded a bus on Cleveland Avenue in downtown Montgomery. She paid her ticket and sat in the front row of seats reserved for blacks in the vehicle. The driver, James F. Blake, continued on his traditional route. The bus was filling up until at the third stop, in front of the Empire Theater, several passengers boarded. Blake noticed that two white people were standing. To solve the problem, he moved the "colored" sign (a term used in the United States to refer to African Americans) to the back of the row where Parks was standing. He demanded that the black seated passengers stand up so that the whites could be seated. As the other three blacks rose, Rosa refused. Years later, in an interview, she recalled: "my body was taken by determination, like a quilt on a cold night." Parks moved, but to the window seat. Blake, the driver, asked her, "Why don't you get up?" She replied that "I shouldn't have to get up". The man then called the police and had Rosa Parks arrested. When the policeman arrived, she asked "Why do you mess with us like that?" He replied, "I don't know, but the law is the law and you're under arrest."

Parks was charged with violating Chapter 6, Section 11, of the Montgomery City Code Segregation Act, although technically she did not sit in a seat reserved for whites. Edgar Nixon, president of the local NAACP headquarters, and his friend Clifford Durr bailed Parks out and she was released from prison the next day.

Nixon, Jo Ann Robinson and other civil rights activists decided to use Parks' case to bring public attention to the cause of the end of racial segregation in the United States. Three days after the event, on December 4, a boycott of Montgomery buses was called. In the events that followed, some religious leaders and activists stood out, such as the Rev. Ralph Abernathy and Martin Luther King, Jr. The city's 40,000+ black bus users in and around the city continued the boycott for 381 days. In 1956, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that racial segregation in public transport was unconstitutional.

Rosa Parks became an icon of the black civil rights movement in the United States, but that wasn't necessarily good for her in the short term. Sanctions were brought against civil rights activists and she struggled to get a job and even had to face the city's animosity. Facing death threats from white supremacists, she moved to Hampton, Virginia. She moved again, not long after, to Detroit. Although this city is more progressive than those in the south, Rosa still had to deal with racism and segregation. She received support and maintained contact with civil movement leaders such as Congressman John Conyers and Reverend Martin Luther King. She continued into the 1960s as a black rights activist and participated in various initiatives and marches for equality.

In 1992, she published her autobiography, Rosa Parks: My Story. Widowed and with enormous financial difficulties, in 2002 she was evicted from her building. Hartford Memorial Baptist Church helped her, and because of the national revolt over her plight, the bank decided to forgive her debt and she would live free in their building for the rest of her life.

Afflicted with mental illness and poor health, her last days were painful, but she always remembered with good esteem the deeds of her life. Rosa died in her Detroit apartment on October 24, 2005, of natural causes. His coffin was covered with Michigan State National Guard honors. Officials and former civil movement leaders attended the funeral.

pedrocornicelli — 2021-11-08 22:52:47 UTC

Biography of Martin Luther King

lucasgbianchini — 2021-11-09 17:51:02 UTC

Lucas Gabriel Bianchini and Lucas Abreu Zanchetta
Introduction
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American black activist leader. He led the Civil Rights Movement in the
United States, using peaceful methods and nonviolent protests to achieve equal rights for African
Americans and white people. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Youth.
King was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States on January 15, 1929. His father was a Protestant
Baptist minister. At the age of 15, he entered Morehouse College in Atlanta. He graduated in 1948.
He studied for three years in a seminary (school for qualifying religious) in the state of Pennsylvania. It was
there that he came into contact with the ideas of nonviolent protest. Later, he graduated from Boston
University in Massachusetts in 1955. During his time there, he met Coretta Scott, whom he married in
1953. The couple had four children.
From an early age Martin Luther King Jr. knew about the segregation of black people, so in 1955 he took
peaceful attitudes in his fight for the civil rights of black people, having his attitudes inspired by the lawyer
Mahatma Gandhi, and Henry David's theory of civil disobedience, which were also sources for Nelson
Mandela's fight against Apartheid.
Civil Rights Movement
In 1954, King became pastor of a Protestant church in Montgomery, Alabama. In December 1955, a black
American woman named Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white man. She
was arrested for disobeying the racial segregation law. Laws like these existed to keep blacks and whites
separate. To protest Parks' arrest, King encouraged African Americans not to use city buses. The action,
which became known as the "Montgomery Bus Boycott," was successful and caused great harm to the bus
company. In 1956, the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed racial segregation in public transportation.
The movement against segregation grew stronger. In 1958, King organized a group called the Christian
Southern Leadership Conference (CLSC), which led many nonviolent protests against segregation.
In August 1963, King and other leaders rallied around 250,000 people for a gathering called the March on
Washington. There he made a speech that became famous: "I have a dream” in which he describes a world
in which black and white people can live harmoniously with equal rights.
King's actions helped bring about the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1965, he led a protest in Selma, Alabama,
in support of voting rights for African Americans. Soon after, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed.
Final Years
In 1966, King turned to other difficulties. In 1968, he went to Memphis, Tennessee, to help municipal
workers who were on strike. On April 4, a white man shot him dead. King was only 39 years old.
But still Martin Luther King Jr. remains honored, his mark in history was important for us to achieve civil
rights for minorities.
His reputation grew after his death. In 1983, the United States officially approved the creation of Martin
Luther King, Jr. Day, a holiday in honor of the activist that is celebrated on the third Monday in January.
Research source: Encyclopedia Brittanica and eBiografia.

Biography

brenobarros — 2021-11-09 23:45:11 UTC

Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo, in the Eastern Cape, on 18 July 1918. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. In 1930, when he was 12 years old, his father died and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni.
Hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ valour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.
He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher, Miss Mdingane, gave him the name Nelson, in accordance with the custom of giving all schoolchildren “Christian” names.
He completed his Junior Certificate at Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdtown, a Wesleyan secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated.
Mandela began his studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University College of Fort Hare but did not complete the degree there as he was expelled for joining in a student protest.
On his return to the Great Place at Mqhekezweni the King was furious and said if he didn’t return to Fort Hare he would arrange wives for him and his cousin Justice. They ran away to Johannesburg instead, arriving there in 1941. There he worked as a mine security officer and after meeting Walter Sisulu, an estate agent, he was introduced to Lazer Sidelsky. He then did his articles through a firm of attorneys – Witkin, Eidelman and Sidelsky.
He completed his BA through the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his graduation in 1943.
Meanwhile, he began studying for an LLB at the University of the Witwatersrand. By his own admission he was a poor student and left the university in 1952 without graduating. He only started studying again through the University of London after his imprisonment in 1962 but also did not complete that degree.
In 1989, while in the last months of his imprisonment, he obtained an LLB through the University of South Africa. He graduated in absentia at a ceremony in Cape Town.

Entering politics
Nelson Mandela, increasingly politically involved from 1942 onwards, did not join the African National Congress until 1944 when he helped form the ANCYL Youth League.

In 1944 he married Walter Sisulu's cousin, Evelyn Mase, she was a nurse. They had two sons, Madiba Thembekile "Thembi" and Makgatho, and two daughters, both named Makaziwe, the first of whom died in infancy. He and his wife divorced in 1958.

Mandela rose through the ANCYL ranks, and through his efforts ANCYL adhered to a more radical mass policy, the Action Program, in 1949.
In 1952, he was chosen as the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Challenge Campaign, with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This civil disobedience campaign against six unjust laws was a joint program between ANCYL and the South African Indigenous Congress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their participation in the campaign and sentenced to nine months of forced labor, with a two-year suspension.

A two-year law degree in addition to his BA allowed Mandela to practice law, and in August 1952 he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa's first black-owned law firm in the 1950s, Mandela & Tambo. two

In late 1952, he was banned for the first time. As a restricted person, he was only allowed to watch in secret while the Freedom Charter was adopted in Kliptown on June 26, 1955.

Release from prison
On August 12, 1988, he was taken to hospital, where he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. After more than three months in two hospitals, he was transferred on December 7, 1988 to a home in Victor Verster Prison near Paarl, where he spent his last 14 months in prison. He was released from his gates on Sunday, February 11, 1990, nine days after the ANC and PAC ban and nearly four months after the release of his remaining Rivonia comrades. Throughout his imprisonment, he rejected at least three conditional offers of release.
Mandela plunged into official negotiations to end white minority rule and in 1991 was elected president of the ANC to replace his ailing friend Oliver Tambo. In 1993, he and President FW de Klerk jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize, and on April 27, 1994, he voted for the first time in his life.

President
On May 10, 1994, he was sworn in as the first democratically elected president of South Africa. On his 80th birthday in 1998, he married Graça Machel, his third wife.
True to his promise, Mandela stepped down in 1999 after a term as president. He continued to work with the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund which he founded in 1995 and established the Nelson Mandela Foundation and the Mandela Rhodes Foundation.
In April 2007, his grandson, Mandla Mandela, was sworn in as head of the Traditional Council of Mvezo in a ceremony at the Grand Place of Mvezo.

Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite the terrible provocation, he never responded to racism with racism. His life is an inspiration to all the downtrodden and destitute; and to all who oppose oppression and deprivation.

He died at his home in Johannesburg on December 5, 2013.

Alunos: Artur n°03, Breno n°06, Matheus n°21, Otávio n°25, Vinicius 31.