December 26, 1776, the Battle of Trenton occurred. 1,400 Hessian troops were stationed under the command of Colonel Johann Rall. His men were very exhausted, and possibly drunk, from the Christmas celebrations. Washington commanded the Colonial army and won this battle. Trenton was important because Americans took prisoners, arms, and supplies for the fight for Freedom. The famous crossing of the Delaware River also happened in this Battle.

-Marks the start of the Columbian Exchange

-Colonization of America begins soon after

 -Joint Stock Company, investor-backed 

   -backer company is the Virginia Company

-Led by Captain John Smith

-Powhatan Confederacy aides Jamestown

-tobacco and cash crops save Jamestown from extinction

-white property-owning males could vote

-slavery also begins in the English colonies at this time

-Arrived at Massachusetts Bay in the Mayflower

-Founding of Plymouth

-Creation of the Mayflower Compact

-Settlers received aid from Indians to further their settlement

-50 Acres of land given to a plantation over that sponsors people to America's. They became indentured servants, VERY POPULAR at this time period.

-"City on the hill" idea with puritans

-Settlers V Indians issue

 -Jonathan Edwards  was a Congregationalist , “sinners in hands of angry God” ,fire & brimstone

       -message was about Hell and predestination

   -George Whitefield , Methodist  , Christianity  ,emotionalism and spirituality

       -seen in southern evangelism

Enlightenment  =  rationalism

                                emotionalism & spirituality

   -Ben Franklin  ex of enlightenment man

-Not accepted

Start of the Seven Year's War

-Britain wins and leads to anti-British sentiment

Proclamation of 1763

  -forbids colonial settlement past the Appalachian Mountains

   -angered colonists

-end of salutary neglect

-turning point of British-Colonial relations

Currency Act-Colonists could not print their own money

   -tax for revenue

   -broad tax covered legal documents too

   -affected almost everyone, especially literate and lawyers

   -taxed goods made in the colonies

“No taxation without representation”

British response, virtual representation in britian

Declaratory Act passed-Parliament can tax and legislate in all cases anywhere in the colonies

   -taxed goods imported from Britain

   -paid for government officials’ salaries

   -more vice-admiralty courts created

   -suspended NY legislation

   -closed Boston port; except for essentials

   -colonists had to house soldiers

goals  -determine grievances

           -address actions to grievances such as boycotts

           -Parameters which were considered Parliamentary interference

   -established continental army

   -printing $ 

   -established government offices for policies

   -George Washington is the leader of the army

   -America wants reconciliation with Britain

   -last attempt to avoid armed conflict

   -King George III ignored it

   -negotiated by Ben Franklin

   -brings French into war on the colonists side

-because of battle of Saratoga

   -1^st central government

   -lacked ability to tax, declare war, form a military

   -NJ plan,modifications

   -Virginia plan, checks & balances

-Great Compromise, bicameral

   -House of Representatives is according to population

   -Senate, 2 per state

-3/5ths Compromise

Election of Washington

   -cabinet Jefferson (Secretary of State), Hamilton (Treasury)

events

Bill of Rights is added to the US Constitution

Start of the 2nd Great Awakening

-Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.

John Adams is inaugurated as the 2nd President

XYZ AFFAIR

Thomas Jefferson is elected

-Established Judicial Review within the Supreme Court

Louisiana Purchase

   -Lewis & Clark

-British impressment of sailors

-closed U.S. ports to all exports and restricted imports from Britain

-It allowed the resumption of world trade with the exclusion of trade with England and France, thus barring French and British vessels from American ports.

James Madison takes Office

Declared:

-A state cannot tax a federal bank

-National law trumps state laws whenever they contradict

Panic of 1819

-Unemployment mounted, banks failed, mortgages were foreclosed, and agricultural prices fell by half. Investment in western lands collapsed.

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

-US Gains Spanish Florida

-Defined western border of the Louisiana purchace

War was declared because of...

-British impressment of sailors

-Trade interference

-Resulted in the start of the downfall of the Federalist party

Treaty of Ghent created in Belgium

Treaty of Ghent ratified in the US

-British relinquished their claims in North America

-'Inflated' American egos

Start of the 'Era of good feelings'

-Federally Funded internal improvements

-Federal Tariffs

-2nd Bank of the US

War of 1817

-People who lived in Florida crossed the border and raided Us territory.

-Andrew Jackson was sent and this was known as his Florida Campaign

Exam Weighting

Period 1: 1491-1607

4-6%

Period 2: 1607-1754

6-8%

Period 3: 1754-1800

10-17%

Period 4: 1800-1848

10-17%

Period 5: 1844-1877

10-17%

Period 6: 1865-1898

10-17%

Period 7: 1890-1945

10-17%

Period 8: 1945-1980

10-17%

Period 9: 1980-Present

4-6%

• Option 1 focuses on topics between 1491-1800(Period 1-3)

• Option 2 focuses on topics between 1800-1898

• Option 3 focuses on topics between 1890-2001

John Quincy Adams is elected

Start of the Temperance Movement

-Missouri would be admitted as a slave state

-Maine would become a free state

-36*, 30 Parallel

-Henry Clay puts his support behind John Quincy Adams and becomes secretary of state

-Universal white man sufferage

-Trail of tears

Rough start of the abolition movement

-The tariff of 1828 raised taxes on imported manufactures so as to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing. Southerners, arguing that the tariff enhanced the interests of the Northern manufacturing industry at their expense, referred to it as the Tariff of Abominations.

-In November 1832, the Nullification Convention met. The convention declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional and unenforceable within the state of South Carolina after February 1, 1833. It was asserted that attempts to use force to collect the taxes would lead to the state's secession.

2nd Bank of the US Charter Vetoed by Jackson

Panic of 1837

-Resulted in stricter Black Codes on African-Americans

-Anti democratic party

-Establishes the Northern Border of the US

-US acquires, OR, WA, parts of ID, WY, MT

-Disputed boundaries

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexican Cession

-15 million dollars for California,Arizona,Nevada,Colorado,Utah, NewMexico