*For those who missed the first class, please check out the slides and if you don't understand something, try to google translate it or note down and ask me next class.

Deadlines: 12:00, Sat 9th Aug 2025

Non-living things include rocks, river, and mountains. They're a part of the natural world but can't do activity like people. Next is metaphysically, one of them is Eywa, a spiritual force that connects all life on Pandora. We can't see it but the Na’vi people believe it's alive. Non-living metaphysical thing include belief and memorie shared by the people through a tree of souls. This world show us how everything can be a part of a big, spiritual connection.

The comic Doraemon is rich with future gadgets, machines, and technologies, most notably stored in Doraemon’s pocket. There are variety of gadgets like the "Anywhere Door" or "Time Machine".
The story plot is set in modern Tokyo, Nobita's home, school, and neighborhood. The physical world includes classrooms, Nobita's room and playgrounds
Doraemon's gadgets often act as metaphysical tools, allowing characters to confront alternate versions of themselves or question their identity and choices across different timelines or realities.

4. Nguyễn Phương Nguyên: What if, Doremon's gadgets could be used to change the outcome of the fight that happened in Avatar? Would it have caused less bloodshed? Or would the humans in Avatar try more devious schemes to try to take over Doremon's gadgets and cause worse aftermaths? Are Doremon's gadgets too dangerous and shouldn't exist?  

2. Trần Nhật Nam: What if, Doremon's gadgets could be used to change the outcome of the fight that happened in Avatar? Would it have caused less bloodshed? Or would the humans in Avatar try more devious schemes to try to take over Doremon's gadgets and cause worse aftermaths? Are Doremon's gadgets too dangerous and shouldn't exist?

3. Trần Thị Vy Anh: In Inside Out, the people themselves couldn't communicate with the Emotions themselves. Each Emotions group live in their own host's metaphysical emotional mental world. What if everyone in Doremon suddenly could perceive the Emotions in each other? Would they be afraid and panic, realizing there are these little colorful things that stay in the control room of their mind? Or would they still feel like it's normal? Is it normal to be able to see the manifestations of another's emotions, and is it normal to be able to see our own manifestation of emotions? Then is the Emotions creature in Inside Out already inherently existed in any universe with emotions?

5. Trần Trí Việt: Doremon have gadgets that could either replicate the Cybertronian Cube itself or even provide more energy and do more than things than the Cube itself. What if the Transformers' sides can receive a Cube each from Doremon's gadgets? Would they be happy and no longer have a reason to fight each other?  Or would the Deception try harder to obtain Doremon's magical bag? Transformers also have the ability to scan and replicate any tech, can they do so to Doremon's bag? If then, what would happen when every Transformers manage to get their hands on a Doremon's magical bag and all its gadgets? Would Doremon's bag lose its value because everyone have one, or would it turn the scale of the war to become more destructive on a universal or even multiversal scale?

6. Ngô Khánh Lan: In Inside Out, the people themselves couldn't communicate with the Emotions themselves. Each Emotions group live in their own host's metaphysical emotional mental world. What if everyone in Doremon suddenly could perceive the Emotions in each other? Would they be afraid and panic, realizing there are these little colorful things that stay in the control room of their mind? Or would they still feel like it's normal? Is it normal to be able to see the manifestations of another's emotions, and is it normal to be able to see our own manifestation of emotions? Then is the Emotions creature in Inside Out already inherently existed in any universe with emotions?

https://youtu.be/J7GY1Xg6X20?si=4dG4Zt9qIPT5PGNM

Doctor Who:

https://youtu.be/BJP9o4BEziI?si=WBoso5Ymss8aKzHA

Hank Green:

https://youtu.be/-a739VjqdSI?si=zwGhy7xP-_XkrEmB

Obama: 

https://youtu.be/ueMNqdB1QIE?si=fa0bm6jSH44f2sVb

Prince Ea: 

https://youtu.be/dqTTojTija8?si=vFmkIUXis3xUudwi

Trevor Noah:

https://youtu.be/QhMO5SSmiaA?si=xKp6jqaCwMEqMvyq

Robin Williams:

https://youtu.be/nFJexvoAblo?si=Ceo5qh9uUAmYOohE

Vinh Giang:

https://youtube.com/shorts/9qG9L3T7rhM?si=bfSegZ5zglnidr5j

Simon Sinek:

https://youtu.be/VOXrpW-rotE?si=Qjz9YRvm1vXlSCL3

Emma Watson: 

https://youtu.be/nIwU-9ZTTJc?si=LVMerL0-aE-jdkJw

Taylor swift:

https://youtu.be/wjSER73EAcU?si=OYbl-uvoAd5J4d5Y

Sawmise Gangee:

https://youtu.be/k6C8SX0mWP0?si=yvdH9kW29y6ix69Y

Martin Luther King:

https://youtu.be/I47Y6VHc3Ms?si=b17H4fVKx7rSVIHJ

After that, give your comments on:

1. The speaker’s presentation style (for example: speaking fast and continuously, or with a clear rhythm).

2. The number of arguments they use.

3. How they combine arguments with examples to make their reasoning more convincing.

Charlie Chaplin:

https://youtu.be/J7GY1Xg6X20?si=4dG4Zt9qIPT5PGNM

Doctor Who:

https://youtu.be/BJP9o4BEziI?si=WBoso5Ymss8aKzHA

Hank Green:

https://youtu.be/-a739VjqdSI?si=zwGhy7xP-_XkrEmB

Obama:

https://youtu.be/ueMNqdB1QIE?si=fa0bm6jSH44f2sVb

Prince Ea:

https://youtu.be/dqTTojTija8?si=vFmkIUXis3xUudwi

Trevor Noah:

https://youtu.be/QhMO5SSmiaA?si=xKp6jqaCwMEqMvyq

Robin Williams:

https://youtu.be/nFJexvoAblo?si=Ceo5qh9uUAmYOohE

Vinh Giang:

https://youtube.com/shorts/9qG9L3T7rhM?si=bfSegZ5zglnidr5j

Simon Sinek:

https://youtu.be/VOXrpW-rotE?si=Qjz9YRvm1vXlSCL3

Emma Watson:

https://youtu.be/nIwU-9ZTTJc?si=LVMerL0-aE-jdkJw

Taylor swift:

https://youtu.be/wjSER73EAcU?si=OYbl-uvoAd5J4d5Y

Sawmise Gangee:

https://youtu.be/k6C8SX0mWP0?si=yvdH9kW29y6ix69Y

Martin Luther King:

https://youtu.be/I47Y6VHc3Ms?si=b17H4fVKx7rSVIHJ

Doctor Who: He sometimes speaks calmly, but sometimes he speaks aggressively

Hank Green: He speaks a little bit fast, and his voice is calm

Obama: In the first, he speaks calmly and slowly, but in the middle, he speaks more loudly, and in the last, he speaks calmly and slowly again

Prince Ea: At first, he speaks calmly and slowly, but in the in the last, he speaks very fast, but his voice doesn’t change

Trevor Noah: He can change his voice to fit with his part. When he becomes the Indian, his voice is low, but when he becomes the Briton, his voice is high.

Robin Williams : his voice is low and he speaks slowly

Vinh Giang: he speaks fast and his voice is low

Simon sinew : he sometimes speak fast but sometimes he speak slowly

Taylor swift: her voice is low and she speaks slowly sometimes she stops

He makes strong points that are:

-Schools kill creativity

-Students aren’t taught how to think

-School doesn’t prepare kids for real life

-The system is unfair and outdated

-It causes stress and mental health issues

Prince Ea supports his ideas with:

-Real-life examples and stories

-Metaphors (like comparing school to a factory)

-Emotional visuals and music

-Questions that make the viewer think

-Ideas for better education

Hank green: he explores curiosity and empathy, focusing on understanding the world an other. He uses humor to address anxiety.

Obama: calm, measured tone and strong emphasis on rhetoric.

Prince EA: is engaging and thought provoking speaking style that blends motivational themes with social commentary

Vinh Giang: his speaking is dynamic and engaging.

Simon Sinew: Sometimes fast and slowly, changing times

Robin William: His voice is low and he speak slowly

Doctor Who: At the beginning, his voice was calm and at the normal speed, but later on, his voice is higher, faster and contains a bit of pleading.

Hank Green: His voice was soft and fast and keep that speed until the end of the video.

Obama: His speech was not slow and not fast, it normal and really chill.

Prince Ea: His voice was calm and soft; his speed is getting faster.

Emma Watson: Her voice was soft, calm and slow.

Taylor Swift: She was spoke slowly, softly and in her words contain a lot of elated and proud of herself.

1. The definition of Happiness.

2. The types of Happiness that you know.

3. The advantages and disadvantages of Happiness.

4. Provide specific examples to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages mentioned above.

Note: Your answers should be clear and well-explained, with specific evidence to help you get ready for the debate in the next class.

2. Different types of happiness:

• Physical Happiness: comes from comfort, relaxation.

• Emotional Happiness: comes from relationships, love, kindness, and emotional connections.

• Material Happiness: comes from owning or achieving something tangible.

  
  

3. Advantages of Happiness:

- Better Physical Health

- Improved Relationships

- Higher Productivity and Creativity

- Emotional Resilience

Disadvantages of Happiness:

- Overconfidence or Carelessness

- Lack of Motivation

- Ignoring Negative Emotions

-Types of happiness

+Eudaimonic Happiness:Living a meaningful and virtuous life. 

+Hedonic Happiness: Achieving pleasure, enjoyment, and comfort

-Advantages of happiness:better physical health (stronger immune system, improved heart health, increased longevity), improved mental well-being(reduced stress, anxiety, and depression, increased resilience)

-Disadvantages of happiness: neglecting dangers, increased risk-taking, unrealistic expectations, and a decline in creativity and critical thinking

2 There're 3 types of happiness

• Short-term happiness:
  The temporary joy that comes from achieving something or having a pleasant experience

• Long-term happiness:
  The lasting sense of satisfaction and peace that comes from living according to one’s values and having purpose in life.

• Inner happiness:
  Happiness that comes from within, not depending much on material things or external circumstances.

3 Advantage

+ Helps relax the mind and reduce stress or anxiety

+ Improves both physical and mental health

+ Builds better social relationships

4 Disadvantage

+ Make people careless and ignore problems they need to solve

+ Some people may hide their true feelings just to look like happy

+ Chasing happiness too much can cause exhaustion or comparison with others

Happiness is a feeling of joy or sastify. It can be a temporary emotion or a long state.

2. Types of Happiness

-Emotional Happiness: Feeling happy in the moment.

-Long term Happiness: Life satisfaction or fufilling a dream.

-Spiritual Happiness: finds happiness in sth like meditation.

-Material Happiness: Joy from owning or experiencing things.

3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Happiness

Advantages:

-Improves mental and physical health.

-Strengthens relationships and social connections.

-Increases productivity.

Disadvantages:

-Too much focus on being happy can lead to ignoring problems.

-Some people may use unhealthy ways to feel happy like drugs.

4. Examples

Advantage Example:
A happy student may perform better in school because they have the motivation.

Disadvantage Example:
Someone might avoid dealing with sadness by pretending to be happy, which can lead to emotional problems.

2. There are 3 types of happiness:

C

3. The advantages of all these type of happiness are:

   • Build strong emotional and connection

   • Quick boost to mod and pleasure

   • Creates inner peace and clarity

     The disavantages are:

   • Can be hard to acess, may conflict with believes

   • Depend on other, valuable to conflict.

     4. The providing examples are:

     Advantages: Students can full- fill after completing challenging project, they will be sastified students.

     Disavantage: The students will feeling stressed while working on a meaningful thesis.

• Personal freedom: being able to make your own choices.

• Social freedom: being accepted and respected by others.

• Emotional freedom: being able to feel and express your emotions honestly.

• Intellectual freedom: being free to think, question, and form your own opinions.

• Political freedom: being able to participate in decisions that affect your community or nation.

2 Relationship between them

_ Happiness: Often increases when you have personal and emotional freedom you feel content when you can live authentically.

_ Sad: Might come from feeling trapped, powerless, or emotionally misunderstood a sign that freedom is missing.

_ Anger: Can arise when freedom is restricted — anger can be a reaction to injustice or oppression.

• Freedom of Speech: Express opinions without censorship.

• Freedom of Religion: Practice any religion or none at all.

• Freedom of Assembly: Gather peacefully for protests or meetings.

• Freedom of Movement: Travel freely within or outside a country.

• Freedom of the Press: Media operates independently of government control.

• Freedom of Association: Join groups, unions, or organizations freely.

The relationship between them when:

SAD: People are afraid to speak out. Censorship dominates.

HAPPY: All beliefs coexist peacefully. Faith is freely chosen.

That's all

• Choose one of the 18 speeches I sent earlier, or

• Pick another speech from a speaker you find interesting.

When practicing, pay attention to how the speaker emphasizes words, pauses between ideas, and expresses emotions naturally.
This exercise will help you improve your fluency and expressiveness in English speaking for future lessons.

become synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes. I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was 8, I was confused for being called bossy because I wanted to direct the plays that we would put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When at 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at 15, my girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn't want to appear muscly. When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings. I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Apparently, I'm among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even.” - Emma Watson’s speech at the UN.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PMOxOnii7yl4oW6gRCVlVVuYmfppyi00xBygfkCk47M/edit?usp=sharing

Someone read stories to you and taught you to dream and offered up some moral code of right and wrong for you to try and live by. And maybe they didn’t do it perfectly—no one ever can. Maybe they aren’t with us anymore. In that case, I hope you’ll remember them today. Words are supposed to be my thing, but I will never be able to find the words to thank my mom and dad, my brother Austin, for the sacrifices they made every day so I could go from singing in coffee houses to standing up here with you all today, because no words would ever be enough. To all the incredible parents, family members, mentors, teachers, allies, friends, and loved ones here today who have supported these students in their pursuit of educational enrichment—let me say to you now: welcome to New York, it’s been waiting for you.

You and I both learned that you don’t always get all the things in the bag that you selected from the menu in the delivery service that is life. You get what you get. And as I would like to say to you wholeheartedly, you should be very proud of what you’ve done with it. Today, you leave New York University and go out into the world searching for what’s next. And so will I. Please bear in mind that I in no way feel qualified to tell you what to do. You’ve worked and struggled and sacrificed and studied and dreamed your way here today. However, I will give you some life hacks I wish I knew when I was starting out—about navigating life, love, pressure, choices, shame, hope, and friendship.

The first of which is: life can be heavy, especially if you try to carry it all at once. Part of growing up and moving into new chapters of your life is about catch and release. You can’t carry all things—all grudges, all updates on your ex. Decide what is yours to hold and let the rest go. I’d like to say I’m a big advocate for not hiding your enthusiasm for things. Never be ashamed of trying. Effortlessness is a myth. Now you leave the structure and framework of school and chart your own path. Every choice you make leads to the next choice, which leads to the next, and I know it’s hard to know which path to take. But as long as we are fortunate enough to be breathing, we will breathe in, breathe through, breathe deep and breathe out. And I am a doctor now, so I know how breathing works. I hope you know how proud I am to share this day with you. We’re doing this together. So let’s just keep dancing like we’re the class of 22."

• What are the questions?

• What are the characteristics of his questions?

• Why does Socrates ask those questions?

Link sách audio: https://youtu.be/bhn7-2ITK1k?si=nmv_kq1Y5_FuVQys

In Meno, they talk about what is virtue, the questions are:

-Is virtue the same for all people (men, women, children, slaves)?

-Is virtue knowledge?

-If it is knowledge, can it therefore be taught?

-How do we learn or come to know anything at all?

2.

-he breaks big ideas into smaller parts.

-he asks for clear definitions.

-he exposes contradictions in people’s beliefs.

-his questions don’t seek simple “yes/no” answers.

3.

-Show that knowledge comes from reasoning and reflection, not just from being told facts.

-Support his belief that learning is a kind of recollection

- What is virtue?

- Can virtue be taught, or is it acquired in some other way?

- Are all virtues different, or do they share something in common?

2. What are the characteristics of his questions?

• Clarifying: He keeps asking for precise definitions instead of vague or multiple examples.

• Analytical: He breaks complex ideas into smaller logical parts.

• Challenging but polite: He questions Meno’s confidence without insulting him.

• Guiding: Instead of giving answers, he leads Meno to think critically and examine his own beliefs.

• Comparative and logical: He uses analogies to help Meno understand what kind of answer he’s looking for.

3. Why does Socrates ask those questions?

- To seek the essence of virtue

- To expose false confidence

- To demonstrate his method

-“What is virtue?”

-“Can virtue be taught, or does practice acquire it?”

-“Or does it come to us by nature, or in some other way?”

-“Is there one virtue, or are there many

+ characteristics:

-Analytical

-Challenging

+ reasons:

- To seek the true definition of virtue

- To demonstrate the Socratic method

• What is virtue?

• Can virtue be taught?

• Is virtue the same for all people or different depending on the person?

• Challenging: Socrates questions contradictions in the other person’s reasoning.

• Recursive: He builds on previous answers to dig deeper, often leading to paradoxes.

• To expose ignorance: He believes that admitting what we don’t know is the first step toward wisdom.

• To pursue truth: Socrates sees dialogue as a path to uncovering deeper truths, not just winning arguments.

• To teach by example: He models how to think rigorously and humbly.

Ladies and gentlemen, I honestly think that happiness really comes from freedom. It lets us make our own choices, chase our dreams, and live life on our own terms. When we can speak our minds, pick our jobs, and follow what we’re passionate about, that's when we truly feel alive and fulfilled. Happiness isn't something we can just get from others; it's about how we live our own lives. I mean, think about it—can someone who’s always told what to do or silenced ever really find joy? Not really. Freedom allows us to express ourselves, love deeply, and reach those goals that fill us with pride. It gives us dignity and a sense of purpose, and it helps shape our identity.

On top of that, freedom sparks creativity and helps us grow as individuals. When people have the chance to explore and take risks, they innovate, learn, and achieve so much more. Sure, freedom comes with responsibilities, but that’s what adds depth to our happiness. The joy from freedom feels more meaningful because it’s something we earn, not something that's imposed on us. History backs this up—societies that embrace freedom tend to have happier and more satisfied people. So, when we think about happiness, let’s remember—it isn’t found in comfort or control. Instead, it’s all about the ability to live freely, make bold choices, and truly be ourselves. Freedom isn't just a part of happiness; it actually is happiness.

Against: “Freedom Isn’t Happiness”

Freedom's great, but it doesn't automatically mean you'll be happy. In fact, too much freedom can sometimes make things really confusing and even stressful. With endless options, people often feel lost or anxious. Nowadays, we have more freedom than ever, yet loneliness and depression are still common. Why is that? Because real happiness doesn't come from having all the choices in the world; it comes from love, connection, and having a sense of purpose. Sure, freedom opens doors, but it doesn't ensure you'll find peace of mind. You can be completely free and still feel empty inside without any meaning or belonging in your life.

Sometimes, true happiness actually comes from having some boundaries, guidance, and commitment. Think about it: kids feel secure when they're cared for, not when they can do whatever they want. Adults also find joy in their relationships and responsibilities, even if it means giving up some of that freedom. Look at parents who spend their time caring for their kids or volunteers who give their energy to help others—they might not be fully free, but they sure are happy. When freedom lacks direction, it can easily turn chaotic, while happiness rooted in love and purpose tends to stick around. So, when it comes down to it, freedom by itself doesn't equal happiness. Real happiness is about connection, not isolation; it's about meaning, not just having choices; and it's about finding peace, not merely enjoying freedom.

Ladies and gentlemen, today I stand firmly here to debate that: "Happiness can really come from freedom". For some reasons, I believe this can happen because freedom, it allow us to make own choices, to speak, to love and live without fear. When freedom exists, happiness follow! Freedom is not only brings it with the meaning that: "We are survive", it contain the bigger definition that to live with dignity and joy. It is a responsibility, not only a gift. To be free means to respect the freedom of the others. But to ensure no happiness is to sacrificed for our own. From the voices that cried out for liberty centuries ago, to the movements that continue today, the message is clear: freedom is the foundation upon which happiness is built. True happiness is collective, shared in communities where every person has the chance to flourish. So let us remember: freedom is happiness. And when we defend freedom, we defend the right of every human being to live a life filled with meaning, laughter, and hope."

Against: "Freedom isn't happiness"

We often hear that freedom is happiness. But let us pause and reflect: freedom alone does not guarantee joy. It gives us choices, but choices can bring responsibility and even loneliness. A person may be free yet deeply unhappy free to wander, free to choose, but need to face by the weight of decisions. Freedom opened the door, but happiness did not always can go through to continue it. So let us not mistake freedom for happiness. Without care, without meaning, the soil remains barren. True happiness comes when freedom is joined with compassion, justice, and connection to others.

Freedom is one of the most precious gifts that human beings can ever have. It allows people to make their own choices, to express themselves, and to live freely to their beliefs. Without freedom, life becomes restricted, and our ability to pursue happiness is severely limited. Happiness is not simply about wealth or comfort; it is about having control over our own lives. When we are free, we can decide what career we want to follow, whom we love, and where we want to live.

This sense of autonomy gives us confidence and satisfaction. For example, in democratic countries, people can vote, speak openly, and make personal decisions that often lead to a happier society. Studies have shown that individuals who live in free societies report higher levels of life satisfaction than those who live under oppression. Freedom also allows us to express creativity. Artists, scientists, and innovators work best when they are free to think differently and explore new ideas. Freedom also gives us the chance to learn from mistakes and grow as individuals. When we make our own decisions, we feel responsible and proud of our success. In contrast, if every choice is made for us, we lose motivation and joy. Freedom nurtures love and understanding because it encourages respect for diversity and individual thought. When people feel free, they are less likely to envy others or feel trapped by social pressure. Happiness blooms in an environment where freedom and respect exist together.

Of course, freedom must come with responsibility, but responsible freedom is what makes us truly human. It allows us to be the authors of our own stories and to find meaning in our own ways. Therefore, I firmly believe that freedom is happiness because only when we are free can we truly live, love, and become the best version of ourselves.

-Freedom is not happiness:

Many people believe that freedom guarantees happiness, but this is not always true. In fact, too much freedom can often lead to confusion, loneliness, and anxiety. Happiness comes from stability, relationships, and purpose—not from endless choices. When people have complete freedom, they sometimes feel lost because they don’t know what to choose or how to act. For example, in modern society, young people often face a problem: They can choose any career, any lifestyle, or any partner—yet many still feel unhappy. This shows that freedom alone does not bring peace of mind. True happiness often depends on discipline, guidance, and moral values. Without rules or limits, people can make selfish choices that hurt others. A society with absolute freedom might fall into chaos, where everyone does what they want without caring about others. In such a place, happiness cannot survive because trust and harmony disappear. For instance, if everyone drove however they wanted, without traffic laws, the result would be accidents, not happiness. Freedom without structure is like a river without banks—it floods and destroys instead of nurturing life. Some of the happiest communities in the world, such as those with strong traditions or shared beliefs, do not focus on individual freedom but on collective harmony. People there find happiness in belonging, cooperation, and love—not in personal independence. Moreover, freedom can sometimes lead to selfishness and isolation. When everyone only cares about their own freedom, society becomes divided, and loneliness grows. Happiness requires balance between freedom and responsibility, between self and others. Too much freedom can destroy the very relationships and values that make us happy. Therefore, I believe that freedom isn’t happiness. It is only one small part of a much bigger picture, where love, kindness, and connection matter more than the right to do whatever we please.

2. Issue

   M1: A problem or concern
   M2: A topic being discussed
   M3: To officially give out something

3. Conduct

   M1: To carry out an activity
   M2: Personal behavior
   M3: To lead a musical performance

4. Current

   M1: Present or happening now
   M2: A flow of water or electricity
   M3: A general trend or movement

5. Present

   M1: Existing now
   M2: To give something formally
   M3: A gift

6. Claim

   M1: To state something is true
   M2: A request for money or benefits
   M3: A right to ownership

7. Demand

   M1: To ask for something forcefully
   M2: The need or desire for something
   M3: Something that requires effort

8. Benefit

   M1: An advantage
   M2: A payment from the government
   M3: A fundraising event

9. Consider

   M1: To think carefully
   M2: To regard something in a particular way
   M3: To take something into account

10. Produce

    M1: To create or make something
    M2: To bring forward or present
    M3: Fruits and vegetables (noun)

11. Value

    M1: The worth of something
    M2: Principles or beliefs
    M3: To appreciate something

12. Fine

    M1: Good or satisfactory
    M2: Very thin or delicate
    M3: A payment for breaking a rule

13. Engage

    M1: To participate
    M2: To attract attention
    M3: To hire someone

14. Object

    M1: A physical thing
    M2: To disagree
    M3: The goal or focus of an action

15. Reserve

    M1: To book something
    M2: To keep something for later
    M3: A supply kept for future use

1. To place something somewhere

2. To prepare for something

3. To decide or fix something

2. Charge

1. To ask for money

2. To rush forward quickly

3. To put electricity into a device

3. Record

1. To write down or save information

2. To capture audio or video

3. A best result achieved

4. Address

1. A place where someone lives

2. To speak to a group

3. To deal with a problem

5. Light

1. Not heavy

2. Brightness

3. To make something burn

6. Issue

1. A problem

2. A topic for discussion

3. To give or distribute

7. Present

1. A gift

2. To show or explain something

3. Existing now

8. Match

1. A sports competition

2. Something that fits well

3. A small stick used to start a fire

9. Break

1. To damage or separate

2. A pause or rest

3. To stop following a rule

10. Fine

1. Good or acceptable

2. Thin or delicate

3. Money you pay as punishment

11. Support

1. To help or encourage

2. To hold something up

3. To agree with an idea

12. Handle

1. To deal with something

2. The part you hold

3. To touch or move something

13. Check

1. To examine

2. A bill in a restaurant

3. To stop or control something

14. Order

1. A request for food or items

2. An instruction

3. Arrangement or sequence

15. Change

1. To become different

2. Money you get back after paying

3. To replace something

• A flying mammal.

• An implement used in sports like baseball.

• To hit or strike.

  Point

• A sharp end.

• A unit of scoring.

• A purpose or argument ("What's your point?").

  Trip

• A journey or excursion.

• To stumble or fall.

• A psychedelic experience.

  Right

• Correct or true.

• A direction opposite of left.

• A legal or moral entitlement.

• Change

• To make or become different.

• Coins as opposed to paper money.

• A shift in circumstances.

  Face

• The front part of the head.

• To confront or deal with.

• The surface of something (e.g., clock face).

• A clear definition

• 2–3 main arguments

• Examples to support your points

• A strong and logical conclusion

My first argument is that freedom allows people to follow their passions and interests, which is a major source of happiness. When individuals can choose their career, hobbies, or lifestyle, they feel more fulfilled. For example, students who choose subjects they enjoy are more motivated and confident, while adults who follow work they love usually feel more satisfied and energetic.

My second argument is that freedom encourages personal growth and independence. When we are free to make our own decisions, we learn from our successes and mistakes. This gives us a sense of achievement and control over our lives. For instance, teenagers allowed to manage their schedule or finances develop responsibility and pride, which leads to long-term happiness.

My third argument is that freedom creates a more equal and respectful society. When people have freedom of speech and expression, they feel valued and heard. Countries with higher levels of freedom often report higher levels of life satisfaction because citizens feel safe, respected, and empowered.

In conclusion, freedom makes us happy because it gives us the chance to choose, to grow, and to live as our true selves. A life without freedom is a life without meaning. Therefore, we should protect freedom, not only as a human right but also as the foundation of genuine happiness.

Requirements:

• Clearly define the two key terms: knowledge and power

• Provide 2–3 supporting arguments

• Each argument must include at least one specific example

Requirements:

• Prepare two speeches:

  • Agree: Support the idea that “Effort is more important than intelligence.”

  • Disagree: Oppose this idea.

After that, please record your video and upload it to Padlet for the teacher.

11. Cool

    -Slightly cold

    -Impressive or fashionable

    -To reduce temperature (cool the soup)

12. Cell

    -A small room (like in a prison)

    -Basic unit of life in biology

    -A battery (phone cell)

13. File

    -A collection of documents

    -A tool used to smooth surfaces

    -To officially submit something (file a report)

14. Jam

    -Fruit spread

    -A crowded situation (traffic jam)

    -To squeeze or force something into a tight space

15. Wave

    -A movement of the hand to greet

    -A moving ridge on the surface of water

    -A repeated signal or pattern (radio wave)

I stand on the side that believes effort is more important than intelligence.

To begin, intelligence is something we are born with. Some people naturally learn quickly or understand concepts easily. But effort—effort is a choice. It is the decision to keep trying, to practice, and to improve even when things get difficult. And that is exactly why it matters more.

My first point is that effort leads to growth, while intelligence without effort leads nowhere. You can be the smartest person in the room, but if you never practice, never review, and never push yourself, your natural talent will not take you very far. Meanwhile, people who try consistently—even if they start slowly—can improve step by step until they surpass those who rely only on being “smart.” Real progress comes from hard work.

Second, effort builds discipline and resilience. These qualities are essential for long-term success. Think of athletes, musicians, scientists, or anyone who has achieved something great. They did not become successful because they were simply born intelligent. They succeeded because they trained, failed, tried again, and refused to give up. Intelligence may help you understand something quickly, but effort helps you overcome challenges and keep moving forward.

Finally, effort is in everyone’s control. Not everyone is born naturally gifted, but everyone has the ability to choose hard work. That makes effort a fairer and more reliable path to achievement. In school, in work, and in life, the people who show up consistently, who study, who ask questions, and who put in the hours often achieve more than those who depend only on talent.

In conclusion, intelligence may give you an early advantage, but it is effort—daily, persistent, determined effort—that truly shapes success. And that is why effort is more important than intelligence.

Thank you.

Disagree speech:

I stand to argue that intelligence is more important than effort.

There is no doubt that effort is valuable, but intelligence is the foundation on which all progress is built. Intelligence determines how quickly we learn, how well we understand, and how effectively we use the time and energy we invest.

My first point is that intelligence increases efficiency. A person with a strong natural ability can understand complex ideas much faster. This means they can achieve more in less time. Meanwhile, someone who works extremely hard but struggles to understand the material may spend hours with little progress. Intelligence allows effort to be used wisely and effectively.

My second point is that some fields require a high level of cognitive ability, not just hard work. Medicine, engineering, computer science, and advanced mathematics demand deep understanding, quick problem-solving, and strong analytical skills. Hard work alone cannot replace the mental ability needed to succeed in these areas. Intelligence opens doors that effort alone cannot unlock.

My third point is that intelligence guides effort. Smart individuals know where to put their energy. They can plan better, think strategically, and make decisions that lead to faster results. Without intelligence, effort can become misdirected, slow, or even wasted. It is not just about working hard—it is about working smart.

In conclusion, while effort is important, intelligence plays a greater role in learning, innovation, and success. Effort may push you forward, but intelligence determines how far and how effectively you can go.
Therefore, intelligence is more important than effort.

Disagree:
Respected judges, fellow debaters, and audience members, I stand in opposition to the motion. While effort is undeniably valuable, intelligence is ultimately more important. Intelligence allows individuals to understand, analyze, and solve problems efficiently. Hard work without intelligence may result in wasted time and limited progress.
Firstly, intelligence enables individuals to solve complex problems and innovate. Consider the field of technology: brilliant minds like Alan Turing and Ada Lovelace created groundbreaking advancements that transformed the world. While effort was involved, it was their intelligence—their ability to think critically, conceptualize, and innovate—that made their work truly revolutionary. Without intelligence, effort alone cannot generate solutions that require creativity or deep understanding.
Secondly, intelligence enhances the effectiveness of effort. Working hard is valuable only when it is directed strategically. A person may put in hours of effort, but if they lack understanding or insight, that effort can be wasted. For example, in medicine, a doctor must have the intelligence to diagnose and treat patients effectively. Hours of effort alone cannot replace the knowledge and reasoning that intelligence provides. In this way, intelligence maximizes the returns of effort.
My opponent may argue that effort builds character and resilience, and while I agree, I must emphasize that intelligence also guides the development of these traits efficiently. A smart individual learns from fewer mistakes, adapts quickly, and applies lessons in a more meaningful way. While effort can sometimes compensate for lack of natural ability, it cannot replace the insights, critical thinking, and problem-solving capacity that intelligence provides. In other words, intelligence amplifies effort, but effort cannot fully replace intelligence.
Additionally, intelligence is key in an increasingly complex world. In fields like artificial intelligence, engineering, and scientific research, simply working hard is not enough. Understanding, analysis, and creativity are required to push boundaries and create innovations. For example, inventing a new technology or discovering a scientific breakthrough requires more than persistence—it requires insight and the ability to connect ideas in ways that effort alone cannot achieve.
In conclusion, while effort is important, intelligence is more critical in achieving success and making a meaningful impact. Intelligence enables efficient problem-solving, creative innovation, and effective use of effort. Without intelligence, hard work may lead to results, but they will likely be limited and less impactful. Therefore, I firmly believe that intelligence is more important than effort.

“Technological development does more harm than good.”

Please prepare fully TWO complete speeches:

Affirmative Speech (Agree)

Negative Speech (Disagree)

Ladies and gentlemen, honorable judges, and fellow debaters, Technology is often praised as the engine of human progress. However, I firmly stand on the affirmative side of today’s motion: technological development does more harm than good. While technology offers convenience and efficiency, its negative consequences on society, mental health, employment, and the environment far outweigh its benefits.

First, technological development has seriously damaged human relationships and mental well-being. In the digital age, people spend more time staring at screens than interacting face to face. Social media, while designed to connect us, has instead increased loneliness, anxiety, and depression, especially among young people. Many individuals measure their self-worth through likes and online validation, leading to unhealthy comparisons and emotional stress. Instead of bringing people closer, technology often isolates them. Second, technology has caused massive job displacement. Automation and artificial intelligence have replaced millions of workers in factories, offices, and even creative industries. Machines now perform tasks faster and cheaper than humans, leaving many people unemployed or struggling to adapt. Although new jobs are created, they often require advanced skills that many workers do not have access to. As a result, the gap between the rich and the poor continues to widen. Third, technological development poses a serious threat to privacy and security. Personal data is constantly collected, tracked, and sometimes stolen. Cybercrimes such as hacking, identity theft, and online scams are becoming more common and more dangerous. Governments and corporations can monitor individuals’ activities, raising concerns about surveillance and the loss of personal freedom. In this sense, technology has weakened our control over our own lives. Finally, technology has caused severe environmental damage. The production of electronic devices requires rare natural resources and creates toxic waste. Data centers consume enormous amounts of energy, contributing to climate change. Instead of protecting our planet, uncontrolled technological growth is accelerating environmental destruction.

In conclusion, while technology may offer short-term convenience, its long-term effects on mental health, employment, privacy, and the environment are deeply harmful. Therefore, I strongly affirm that technological development does more harm than good.

Disagree

Honorable judges, respected opponents, and ladies and gentlemen, I stand firmly on the negative side of today’s debate. I strongly disagree with the statement that technological development does more harm than good. In reality, technology has significantly improved the quality of human life, driving progress in education, healthcare, communication, and economic growth. First, technological development has revolutionized education and access to knowledge. Today, students can learn anytime and anywhere through online courses, digital libraries, and educational platforms. Technology has broken geographical and financial barriers, allowing millions of people to receive education who otherwise would not have had the opportunity. This empowerment of knowledge leads to a more informed and capable society. Second, technology has brought remarkable advancements in healthcare. Modern medical equipment, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology have saved countless lives. Diseases that were once fatal can now be treated or managed effectively. Telemedicine allows patients in remote areas to consult doctors, improving healthcare access and outcomes. These life-saving benefits cannot be ignored. Third, technology has greatly improved communication and global connection. People can now stay in touch with family, friends, and colleagues across the world instantly. Businesses can collaborate internationally, and cultures can exchange ideas more easily. In times of crisis, technology enables rapid communication and coordination, helping societies respond more effectively.

Moreover, while opponents argue that technology causes job loss, history shows that technology creates more opportunities than it destroys. New industries, careers, and markets emerge as technology evolves. With proper education and training, workers can adapt and benefit from these changes. In conclusion, although technology does present challenges, these issues are manageable through responsible use and regulation. The overwhelming benefits of technological development — improved healthcare, education, communication, and economic growth — clearly outweigh the drawbacks. Therefore, I confidently reject the motion and assert that technological development does more good than harm.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Today, I stand firmly in support of the statement that technological development does more harm than good. While technology is often praised as a symbol of progress, its negative consequences increasingly outweigh its benefits in modern society.

First, technology is damaging human relationships and mental health. In the digital age, people spend more time on screens than interacting face to face. Social media, although designed to connect us, has led to isolation, anxiety, and depression—especially among young people. Studies show that excessive screen time contributes to low self-esteem and social withdrawal. Instead of strengthening human bonds, technology often replaces real communication with shallow online interactions.

Second, technological development has caused job displacement and economic inequality. Automation and artificial intelligence are replacing millions of workers in factories, offices, and even creative industries. While technology creates new jobs, these often require advanced skills that many workers do not have, widening the gap between the rich and the poor. As a result, many people are left unemployed, insecure, and unable to adapt.

Third, technology poses a serious threat to privacy and security. Personal data is constantly collected, stored, and sometimes abused by corporations and governments. Cybercrime, identity theft, and digital surveillance are becoming more common. In exchange for convenience, individuals are losing control over their own personal information.

Finally, technological development has severe environmental consequences. The production of electronic devices leads to pollution, resource depletion, and electronic waste. Data centers consume massive amounts of energy, contributing to climate change.

In conclusion, while technology offers certain conveniences, its overall impact on mental health, employment, privacy, and the environment proves that technological development does more harm than good. True progress should improve human well-being, not undermine it. Thank you.

Negative Speech (Disagree)

Ladies and gentlemen,

I strongly disagree with the statement that technological development does more harm than good. On the contrary, technology has been one of the greatest forces for positive change in human history.

First, technological development has dramatically improved our quality of life. Advances in medicine, such as vaccines, medical imaging, and robotic surgery, have saved millions of lives and increased life expectancy. Diseases that were once fatal are now treatable because of technology.

Second, technology has revolutionized education and access to information. With the internet, knowledge is available to anyone, anywhere. Online learning platforms allow students from remote or disadvantaged areas to receive education that was once inaccessible. This democratization of knowledge empowers individuals and societies to grow.

Third, technology drives economic growth and innovation. While automation may replace some jobs, it also creates new industries and career opportunities. In the past, people feared machines during the Industrial Revolution, yet it ultimately led to higher productivity and better living standards. The same pattern applies today.

Furthermore, technology plays a crucial role in solving global problems. Renewable energy technologies help fight climate change, communication technologies enable disaster response, and artificial intelligence assists in scientific research. Technology itself is not the problem; irresponsible use is.

In conclusion, technological development has brought immense benefits to healthcare, education, economic progress, and global cooperation. When guided ethically and used responsibly, technology improves human life rather than harming it. Therefore, technological development does more good than harm.

Requirements:

• Each student should prepare 1 to 5 policies related to the issue of global warming.

• Each policy should be presented clearly, include a brief explanation, and reflect the student’s own viewpoint.

Ladies and gentlemen, today we live in a world dominated by technology. Every day, new inventions promise convenience, speed, and progress. Yet behind the glittering screens and machines lies a darker reality: technology often causes more harm than good. While it has brought undeniable benefits, the negative consequences are far-reaching and cannot be ignored.

First, technological development has inflicted severe damage on our environment. Factories producing gadgets and devices consume vast amounts of natural resources, while discarded electronics pile up as toxic e-waste. Millions of tons of smartphones, computers, and batteries end up in landfills each year, poisoning soil and water. The very tools meant to improve our lives are destroying the planet we depend on.

Second, technology isolates us socially and harms our mental health. Social media, once hailed as a way to connect people, now fosters loneliness, anxiety, and depression. Instead of meaningful face-to-face conversations, we scroll endlessly through shallow online interactions. Studies show that heavy use of digital platforms correlates with declining happiness and rising stress among young people.

Third, technological progress has displaced countless workers. Automation and artificial intelligence replace human labor, leaving millions unemployed. Factories once filled with workers are now run by robots, and even white-collar jobs are threatened by algorithms. This creates inequality, where a few benefit from innovation while many struggle to survive.

In conclusion, while technology promised progress, it has delivered pollution, isolation, unemployment, and insecurity. It does more harm than good. We must rethink our blind faith in technological development before it destroys the very society it claims to improve.

negative

Honorable judges, respected opponents, and audience members, technology is not our enemy—it is our greatest ally. From curing diseases to connecting people across continents, technological development has transformed human life for the better. Its benefits far outweigh its harms, and with responsible use, it will continue to empower humanity.

First, medical advancements made possible by technology save millions of lives every year. Modern machines enable life-saving surgeries, vaccines protect us from deadly diseases, and artificial intelligence helps doctors detect cancer earlier and more accurately. Without technology, many of these breakthroughs would be impossible, and countless lives would be lost.

Second, technology connects the world in ways once unimaginable. The internet allows instant communication across continents, breaking barriers of geography and culture. Students in remote villages can access global knowledge, while families separated by distance can stay close through video calls. Technology has turned the world into a global community.

Third, technological development drives economic growth and raises living standards. Innovation creates new industries, new jobs, and new opportunities. Renewable energy technologies, for example, not only fight climate change but also generate employment. Far from destroying livelihoods, technology opens doors to prosperity.

Fourth, technology provides solutions to humanity’s greatest challenges. Precision agriculture increases food production sustainably, renewable energy combats climate change, and digital tools help fight poverty. Rather than harming us, technology equips us with the means to solve problems that once seemed insurmountable.

In conclusion, technology is a tool—its impact depends on how we use it. Guided responsibly, it brings more good than harm. It saves lives, connects people, grows economies, and solves global challenges. Instead of fearing technology, we should embrace it as the force that empowers humanity to build a brighter future.

First, governments should transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Fossil fuels like coal and oil release large amounts of carbon dioxide, which traps heat in the atmosphere. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro power are clean and sustainable. I believe that investing in renewable energy not only protects the environment but also creates new jobs and long-term economic benefits.

Second, we should introduce stricter regulations on industrial emissions. Many factories and power plants release harmful greenhouse gases without sufficient control. Governments should set clear emission limits and impose heavy penalties on companies that violate environmental laws. In my view, economic growth should never come at the cost of environmental destruction.

Third, governments should promote public transportation and eco-friendly vehicles. Cars running on petrol and diesel are major contributors to air pollution and global warming. By improving public transport systems and encouraging the use of electric vehicles, we can significantly reduce carbon emissions. Personally, I think small daily choices, such as using buses or bicycles, can make a big difference when practiced by millions of people.

Fourth, protecting and expanding forests should be a global priority. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and help regulate the Earth’s temperature. Policies should focus on stopping illegal logging and supporting large-scale tree-planting programs. I strongly believe that protecting forests is one of the simplest and most effective ways to fight global warming.

Finally, governments should educate citizens about climate change. Many people are still unaware of how their actions contribute to global warming. Environmental education in schools and public awareness campaigns can encourage people to save energy, reduce waste, and adopt sustainable lifestyles. In my opinion, long-term change starts with knowledge and awareness.

In conclusion, global warming is not a distant problem—it is happening now. Through renewable energy, stricter regulations, greener transportation, forest protection, and education, we can slow down climate change and protect our planet. I firmly believe that if governments and individuals work together, we can create a healthier and more sustainable future.