Another piece of documentation published by CEPR states that "Non-violent offenders make up over 60 percent of the prison and jail population. Nonviolent drug offenders now account for about one-fourth of all offenders behind bars, up from less than 10 percent in 1980." (Schmitt, Warner, & Gupta 3). This clearly states the effect that the War on Drugs has had on the incarceration rate, by detailing how the numbers have changed since 1980.

Finally, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that the California prison system was defined as "cruel and unusual punishment", due to the over crowdedness of the prisons. This decision forced California to reduce their prison population. According to Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, he wrote "A prison that deprives prisoners of basic sustenance, including adequate medical care, is incompatible with the concept of human dignity and has no place in civilized society," (Liptak). These concerns that Justice Kennedy brought up were due to the ever-so increasing prison population in California at the time.

Families can also face economic hardships as well. In a study created by Amanda Geller, an associate professor of Criminology, and other professionals, she found that "Children of incarcerated parents face more economic and residential instability than their counterparts." (Geller, Garfinkel, Cooper, Mincy).

Lastly, incarceration can also create instability for each person in the family. In an article by the New York Times, it talks about the Hamiltons, a family where the father was sentenced to 20 years in prison. In the article is states, "In Washington, she and her daughters moved from relative to relative, not always together. During one homeless spell, Ms. Hamilton slept by herself for a month in her car." (Tierney). This excerpt details the families residential situations while the father was incarcerated, and the mom's inability to take care of her children while also having to make enough money to survive.

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/12/12/us/adults-in-jail-or-prison.html

1st question second evidence:

https://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/incarceration-2010-06.pdf

1st question third evidence:

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/us/24scotus.html

2nd question first evidence: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22229730/

2nd question second evidence: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835345/

2nd question third evidence:

https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/science/long-prison-terms-eyed-as-contributing-to-poverty.html