Red - Main points from authors, filmmakers, and from peers (discussion).

Blue - Reflections of the movie and answer of the five questions.

Yellow - Connection Module 1 and what it means to be human

White (besides the organization of padlet) - Relating to questions, my responses to claims of others, and personal connection to the module.

Purple - Connection between Ms. Figueiredo's class and other classes. Also, what is something I saw that connects to the module questions.

Considering these two definitions, deviance is a phenomenon created by humans that labels people as not "normal," taking into account various aspects of human individuality such as style, morals, political views, sexual orientation, behavior, diseases, actions, and others.

Deviance exists because social groups "enforce their definitions on members through judgment and social sanctioning (...) sanctioning deviance involves power" (Page 2). It's through our differences and qualities that other people judge and label us using power and social pressure.

According to the Cambridge Dictionary, power is defined as the ability to control people and events. This is directly related to control since those who are powerful consequently rule society and, by doing so, control it.

Deviance is universal but relative; this means that deviance exists in every society around the world, but the context or things that are deviant vary from country to country, subjectivity. There are specific types of behaviors that are generally seen as deviant, "premeditated murder" (Page 1), for example. Still, there are societies that would label such as deviant if the one who committed the crime did so because the other man raped his wife. This is strange, yet it is contextual, depending on a variety of factors that "justify" the final outcome.

Suicide is another great example of the relativity of deviance. It was greatly accepted and viewed as something honorable (as seen in Mr Correa's class last semester) in Imperial Japan. During that Imperial Japan time, suicide by "Seppuku" was very normal, and people were very accepting since it was a practice that would "restore honor for themselves or for their families." Another case of suicide inside Imperial Japan was kamikazes; in kamikaze missions, pilots would enter an old aircraft and use it to crash into enemy targets, usually ships, in order to avoid Japan's defeat. Nowadays, suicide in Western societies is viewed as something deviant, one that is not motivated but treated.

The diagnosis of deviance is one recent topic that has appeared along with the improvement of medicine after WW2. This medicalization is happening with things that were natural, such as pregnancy and childbirth.

The definition of an illness varies greatly from culture to culture. For example, among Papago Indians, obesity prevalence is nearly 100% since the Papago don't view this as abnormal but view it as normal. If they see babies born in the Westerb society they would certainly ask the physician why the babies are so malnurished and sick, obesity is not defined as a illness for them, but for Western Society it is. (Page 6)

Subjectivity: Feelings are the influence of personal beliefs or feelings rather than facts. Subjectivity is open to interpretation; an example of subjectivity is the image above, in which different people have different interpretations of what the tree might represent and different views.

These definitions are according to the Cambridge Dictionary.

Robert Merton created the strain theory, which defines deviance as an essential part of a functioning society. He also states that ways of achieving socially acceptable goals play a part in determining whether a person is normal or deviates.

According to Merton’s theory, an entrepreneur who can’t afford to launch his own company may steal start-up funds from his employer, which defines whether he is deviant or not.

On page 1, the text comments that deviance is universal and exists in every culture around the world; however, what is considered deviant shifts from culture to culture. It also gives a brief introduction that deviance exists because humans categorize others as different from the general thinking.

On page 2, the text comments on how deviance has changed over time and that it does so since deviance is a social definition. This deviance is also controlled by social norms that social groups create and enforce (according to the text).

On page 3, the text comments more in-depth on how deviance involves power and how it is contextual.

On page 4, the text comments on how deviance is suffering medicalization. This idea continues on page 5, where aspects that were natural, such as pregnancy and childbirth, are being medicalized. When a person does the "natural" thing, such as give birth while sitting down, they are viewed as deviant. From page 5 until the end of the text, it comments about illnesses and how society labels a disease or if a person has an illness is also contextual but how having illness is viewed as deviant.

The family education and bias come from the ideals and morals that Ben Cash worshiped, such as Avram Noam Chomsky's opposition to capitalism.

The family lived so much time in the woods that they don't have any notion of how they should behave in a societal environment; Ben Cash committing child abuse and refusing treatment for a broken hand that his son got as a result of his outrages forced training on his children for surviving.

Advantages shown by their isolated living:

• Little stress since they don't have to worry about the future.

• Brainwashed in a good way since they don't suffer all the curses of the present society (such as decreased life expectancy, pollution, not being free, being stuck on the "matrix," being forced to do stuff that you wouldn't normally do in a natural environment, consumerism, technology addiction, mental health crises, and over-reliance in food chain industries)

• There is no need to pay taxes.

• No suffering of government control

• Education that incentivises critical thinking, different from everyone else who only repeats the information they learn.

  
  

Disadvantages shown by their isolated living:

• No school and health access

• They are less comfortable because they have no commodities from the industrialization process (only a bus, books, and one old TV).

• He has no communication skills or empathy with other people who are not his family.

• No sense of social norms or how to act in public.

A natural lifestyle:

• They hunt their own food, as seen in the first scene of the movie, where Bodevan kills a deer and eats his heart.

• Use clothes made of animals they killed.

• They made their own home out of wood.

• Have Harmoni with family and nature.

• No processed food.

Main idea and point from the film:

The message of the movie is shown through the changes in the family. This message is that humans, indeed, do not have a balance between past and current reality, but we could achieve it. At the end of the movie, the family is seen on a small, simple farm with basic technologies (such as a car, light, sewage, and running tap water) where they produce their own food and where children actually have proper education and a place to live. The movie tries to convince the listener into realizing that we should have a balanced lifestyle where we utilize technology but not where technology controls and utilizes us.

• "Deviance consists of those categories if condemnation and negative judgment which are constructed and applied successfully to some member of society." (Page 1)

  
  

  Deviance exists everywhere as a result of human nature:

• "Deviance is a universal phenomenon (...) notion that a society has social norms or rules ensures the existence of deviance." (Page 1)

  
  

  Deviance exists because of power and enforcement of social norms:

• "deviance is universal, deviance is a social definition, social groups enforce their definitions on members through judgment and social sanction, deviance is contextual, and defining social sanctioning deviance involves power" (Page 1)

  
  

  Deviance is contextual:

• "Deviance is also relative (...) Certain forms of homosexuality were acceptable among the cultural elite in classical Greece, but in America, such conduct is condemned and stigmatized" (Page 2)

  
  

  Example of this contextuality:

• "Suicide is considered deviant and ungodly in most Christian world, whereas in Imperial Japan, it could be an honorable act." (Page 2)

  
  

  Cultures have different morals and taboos:

• "Ruth Benedict's (1934) notion of "cultural relativity" is useful here: each society (...) own conceptions and standards." (Page 2)

  
  

  Deviance exits because of behavior that groups come in contact with:

• "Deviance is a social definition (...) conferred upon that indirect contact that behavior by people who come into direct or indirect contact with it." (Page 2)

  
  

  Society labels something as deviant:

• "Deviance is a socially attributed condition" (Page 2)

  
  

  Classification of human actions:

• "social categories constructed for classifying behavior, persons, situations and things" (Page 2)

  
  

  Deviance is something outside out of the normal:

• "generally accepted category (...) there were certain more or less agreed upon criteria for assignment to this deviant" (Page 2)

  
  

  Classification of human actions:

• "Deviance definitions may change over time. Witchcraft is no longer a relevant deviance in American society, but juvenile delinquency, opiate addiction, and child abuse (...) are well-accepted contemporary categories of deviance." (Page 2)

  
  

  Deviance exists as a result of the enforcement of rules:

• "Social groups make rules and enforce their definition (...) application if rule to produce deviance" (Page 2)

  
  

  People's acting defines deviance:

• "'Societies' do not make rules and define deviance; people acting collectively do." (Page 3)

  
  

  Deviance is dependent in power:

• "Defining and sanctioning deviance involves power" (Page 3)

  
  

• "Deviance is socially created by rule-making and enforcement, usually by powerful groups over people in less power" (Page 3)

  
  

  Deviance is one aspect that has been medicalized and treated for it not to exist:

• "medical solutions are being sought for a variety of deviant behaviors or conditions. We call this 'the medicalization of deviance'" (Page 4)

  
  

  Medical power and control in society has expanded a lot recently:

• "In recent years, the jurisdiction of the medical profession has expanded and encompasses many problems that formerly were not defined as medical entities" (Page 5)

  
  

  Medicalization is labeling certain deviant behaviors as medical problems:

• "the defining and labeling of deviant behavior as a medical problem (...) use of medicine as an agent of social control" (Page 5)

  
  

  The positivist definition of disease has problems since the categorization of those is too tenuous:

• "the medical positivists (...) limit their concept of disease. It is important to point out that most of the difficulties we call mental illnesses, especially the so-called functional disorder, do not match this definition at all" (Page 5)

  
  

  Abram Feinstein's definition of disease:

• "According to this view, disease is a physiological state, and illness is a social state presumably caused by the disease" (Page 6)

  
  

  Health is conceptual since different cultures might have different classification of what is healthy:

• "René Dubos (...) has argued that the notion of universal condition exists that is 'health' is a mirage and that health and illness are limited by cultural knowledge and adaptations to the environment" (Page 6)

  
  

  Illness and disease are classifications created by humans technically don't exist:

• "Illness and disease are human construction; they do not exist without someone proposing, describing, and recognizing them" (Page 6)

  
  

  Without human labeling, there is no such thing as illness or disease; it will only be natural:

• "there are no illnesses or diseases in nature." (Page 6)

  
  

  Illness represents human judgment of natural phenomenons:

• "Illnesses represent human judgments of conditions that exist in the natural world. They are essentially contructions-products of our own creation. (...) As illness are social judgment, they are negative judgments" (Page 7)

  
  

  Being out of normal standards in height is not an illness:

• "Biological aberration is neither necessary nor sufficient for something to be labeled as an illness: a 7-foot basketball is outside of normal biological range but not considered ill" (Page 7)

  
  

  When people are diagnosed with a disease such as cancer, their actions change:

• "Medical diagnosis affects people's behavior." (Page 7)

  
  

  The concept of illness is relative:

• "illness, like beauty (and like deviance), is in the eye of the beholder" (Page 7)

  
  

  Deviance is considered deviant as a result of its threat for human performance, according to Parsons:

• "Parsons conceptualized illness as deviance primarily because of its threat to the stability of a social system through its impact on the role performance" (Page 8)

  
  

  Deviance can be considered as willful or unwillful:

• "Deviance is considered willful tends to be defined as crime; when it is seen as unwillful it tends to be defined as illness." (Page 8)

  
  

  Different types of deviance have different types of social responses:

• "The social responses to crime and illness are different. Criminals are punished with the goal of altering their behavior in the direction of conventionality; sick people are tread." (Page 8)

  
  

  Sick role forces (indirectly) that sick should medical professionals

• "'sick role' (...) serves conditionally legitimate the deviance and channel the sick into reintegrating physician-patient relationship (...) social control" (Page 8)

  
  

• Sick people should try and get cured:

• "The person must recognize being ill is undesirable stat and must want to recover" (Page 8)

  
  

• Society starts being less closed-minded and ignorant as time progresses start be accepting or more open-minded about some deviances:

• "as society develops from simple to complex, sanctions for deviance change (...) from punishment to treatment or rehabilitation." (Page 8)

  
  

  Alcoholism has gone from charming to treatment, an improvement that tries to extinguish this deviance:

• "For example, certain "extreme" forms of deviant drinking (what is now called alcoholism) have been defined as sin, moral weakness, crime and most recently illness. (...) Nicholas Kittrie has called this change the divestment of the criminal justice system and the coming of the therapeutic state." (Page 8-9)

  
  

  The medical profession has recently been having a hegemony on defining deviance:

• "the prestige of the medical profession has increased (...) and has a virtual monopoly on anything defined as medical treatment." (Page 9)

  
  

  The medical profession has recently been having a hegemony on defining deviance:

• "hospital has replaced the church and parliament as the symbolic center of Western Society." (Page 9)

  
  

  Modern medicine has become very popular in our society:

• "The effectiveness of physicians and modern medicine in treating many illnesses has certainly contributed to the authority they are given." (Page 9)

The Cash family is very deviant because they do not respect "social norms or rules that ensure the existence of deviance" (Page 1). By doing so, they scare and worry people (observed in the scene where Samantha freaks out about the Cash family's children having an education or when they rob the supermarket). I observed that when they go to their mother's funeral, they are all dressed up in colorful clothes and have different conceptions of being hurt or sick (seen by Ben's son's broken hand scene where Ben Cash tells him to stuff it up).

Society labels them as crazy in order for them to not be outside the "matrix" since the more controlled and similar society is, the better governments and companies can explore you. Society likes people to be "perfect," and the ones who are deviant is a "threat to the stability of a social system" (Page 8)

2. Are there any social norms or rules that the Cash family rejects that you think actually make them wise? What purpose does rejecting these norms serve to the family?

The Cash family is very non-traditional in several ways. They reject:

• being dependent in the food supply chain (certainly increases life quality)

• exploring nature in a way that is not sustainable, they live in harmony with it only taking what is necessary.

• public school education, outside-the-box thinkers (very studious)

• respecting laws and social norms (such as being dressed all black for a funeral)

This had multiple benefits include:

• Including not being brainwashed by the current society.

• Little to no stress felt about the future of their lives.

• Wisdom in topics that society finds useless (such as hunting, producing one's own food, and making a house).

It also has many negative impacts on the family:

• No proper education for the children.

• No access to basic health needs (such as having a cast for Rellian Cash).

• Less comfort for the family.

  Poor social skills.

• Lack of popular knowledge (such as how to use a phone)

• Lack of morals (can't steal).

Defining them as wise depends on your perspective. They could be considered wise if you consider their historical views since they are very educated about past events such as the Bill of Rights. They could also not be considered wise if you consider society's view; they know little about how the current society works (they have no sense of morals, laws, how to use technology or empathy).

3.  Does the Cash family represent a more or less natural and thriving version of humankind? Do they thrive? 

The family lives in harmony with nature (they don't rely on the food supply chain) and causes little environmental impact, living a more natural lifestyle. They also have a good academic career (Bodevan Cash comments on how they were accepted into "MIT, Columbia, Harvard…") and are not alienated from what society believes.

When considering whether they are thriving or not, it has to be noted that thriving is subjective. For one person, thriving can mean having a house and money for living; for another, thriving may mean having vast amounts of money and luxury, but from my point of view, their reality can be defined as thriving. I personally consider thriving to be having a good life, with education, opportunities, basic sanitation, a good house, and a united family, all of which they have. On top of that, they have less impact on the world's already critical situation, which personally makes me sure that the Cash family represents a more or less natural and thriving version of humankind.

4.  What does the film have to say about education?

The film shows Ben's kids always reading books during some scenes in the forest. After the family goes to Ben's sister's house, Ben's kids' knowledge is far superior to Ben's sister's kids. During this scene, Ben asks his youngest daughter what the Bill of Rights is, and she responds accurately, which is the opposite of Ben's sister's boys' response (she didn't know what the Bill of Rights was). Another instance where the movie shows that this non-traditional education has benefits is when Ben's oldest son comments that he got accepted into "MIT, Columbia, Harvard (...)" and many other top choices universities of all students. The movie comments negatively about the current education, but it also shows how both education methods have a bias. Ben's family believes that Avram Noam Chomsky is almost like a god, even though he is nowhere close to that. By contrast, Ben's sister's family doesn't even know simple things such as the Bill of Rights.

It shows the flaws of current traditional and non-traditional education methods.

5.  What do you think the film's message is about what humans need to thrive?

The film's message about what is needed for humans to thrive is shown from the start of the movie (where Ben's family is living in a forest with no technology or health service) to the end of the movie (where they are living in a house with little technology but with basic living needs such as a car, sewage system, running tap water and a kitchen.

I interpreted the message of the movie as telling the listeners to use basic technology and not be dependent on it, having a balanced life where you produce your own food (like how they have a farm) but also have a nice house, basic living needs such as school, health services, and others.

At the start of the movie, I was shocked to learn that Bodevan had eaten the dear's hearth, something very deviant, but as the story progressed, I started to see more similarities between them and us ("the normals"). They are a very united family and care for each other. Ben always does what he judges best for the kids (even though it isn't in my opinion), which is very similar to how and what my parents do for me.

The way that his father treats his kids is something I personally disagree with. I believe that imposing some ideals on your children is okay, but if that deviant thinking starts affecting his children negatively, causing harm to them, it should stop. The scenes where Ben tells his daughter Vespyr to go "rescue Rellian'' from the grandparents' house and, by doing so, causes his daughter to almost become paralyzed when Rellian breaks his wrist. Ben doesn't give him any health assistance, and examples show where this harm was present and why this deviant thinking should be discarded.

Also, the criticism about the traditional methods of teaching is something I personally agree with a lot since the normal education system requires you to memorize information and then do a test where you vomit all of that information. I believe that non-traditional education methods, as seen in the movie, should be mixed with traditional education methods since both have benefits (traditional education methods teach a lot of subjects, and non-traditional education methods make you actually remember things and reflect based on those) and negative aspects (traditional education methods don't make you absorb what you learn, and non-traditional education methods are usually very superficial and content limited).

At the end of the movie, the message of it was clear to me. This message is telling the listeners to use basic technology and not be dependent on it, have a balanced life where you produce your own food (like how they have a farm) but also have a nice house; basic living needs such as school, health services, and others, something I personally agree with since it greatly reduces environmental impact and makes everyone be freer and less dependent on the capitalist system.

All humans have DNA that shares 99% of genomes with other humans, but it's the 1% that makes each one of us special and different from one another. I like to say that everyone is deviant in a way. Imagine one person you know, like your friend; he might have a disease; he might have a strange haircut, he might not value education, he might view the present as something bad, he might have different political views from everyone you study with, he might not want to have a lot of money, these all make him deviant. We are collectively all different from one another, but that is what makes us so unique and so united.

Another important aspect of being human is the spirituality and religion humans created.

Truly, I'm a Catholic, and being one always makes me feel humble and respectful. The definitions of heaven and hell guide many people, including me. Religion is a unique aspect that no animal has, something that makes us unique even though some of us may not believe in Jesus Christ, Allah, or any other gods or bigger entities.

Society views the "right way" to educate kids as the opposite of Avenues.

I was born in the countryside of São Paulo where schools are very content-heavy and where you should know by heart everything, even if it is useless and outdated by the internet. People there view the "new learning" style of Avenues as something that is very limited content-wise and very superficial, the opposite of the "right way," something I personally disagree with.

I got into the school in August 2022, and it was very different from what I was used to. After two years, I can confirm that Avenue's teaching method is very good since it actually incentivizes students to learn what they are researching, making them a lot more independent and ready for college.

I also believe that my doing "normal" school until the 9 grade was essential since sometimes knowing content by heart is very useful (such as when you have a physics test and use formulas).

When talking about college, I believe it is a mix of traditional and nontraditional learning since it indeed "teaches" a lot of content. Still, it also provides work and research that requires critical thinking and problem-solving skills, which I believe is real knowledge (a mix of traditional and nontraditional learning).

2. How do you feel about the question of scientific and humanity-based knowing? Are there things you believe that you can't prove? Should we prove them?

The scientific, systematic way of explaining things is sometimes necessary, like when explaining the evolution of animals. Still, humanity-based knowledge is also very necessary since there are certain things, such as the human essence (soul), that science can't explain. I believe that both scientific and humanity-based knowing are valuable and should be used in specific situations.

Humanity is and always will try to prove scientifically this example of the human essence, but it will never be able to. I believe that these things should always be studied and hypothesized since they are what make us human: the mystery of life.

3. Do you believe society gives you what you need to thrive?

Are you an outsider?

I personally believe that I am biased when responding to this question since I have a very united family with a good financial life.

Still, society gives me more than enough to thrive, offering food, health services, a good education, a home, and much more. Society gave me opportunities that I gladly took, and those have had an amazing impact on my life (such as coming to São Paulo).

These topics were all studied during Mr Correa's class and were all shown to impact people's thinking and actions. This manipulation also affects the definition of deviance; for example, recently, not having a mobile phone has become very weird, but before the 2000s, almost no one had mobile phones.

Another connection with Ms. Figueiredo's current class was the book I read in the other project called Feed. In it a group of teens formed by teenagers live in a futuristic setting where Earth is extremely polluted. In the novel, Titus (the main character) is firstly seen as a very superficial and materialistic person, like his friends Link, Marty, Calista, Quendy, and Loga. After some time, he meets Violet, a character who is very different from the rest since she actually cares and sees the horrible situation that the world is in as a result of human consumerism. Throughout the story, her deviant thinking starts to change Titus. By the end of the story (when she is in a comma), Titus starts becoming more and more deviant since he actually starts questioning society's and his friend's materialistic ideals, the dependency on the feed (a chip implanted on their brain) and the brainwashing that they suffer as a result of having this technology.

Ms. Figueiredo's class is also very connected to the current project classes.

In science, we are studying evolution, resulting from genetic mutations in animals, deviants, as we might call them. Deviance in nature is what made every animal, including us humans, a critical part of our world history.

Also connected to science is the constant effort to find what our human essence is, something that can't be proved but is hypothesized by humanity-based knowing since there is no data to support it.

In art, I started studying the different ways to interpret and make art pieces. The contextual nature of every painting makes each one so unique and powerful.

Gabriela Jardim's question was, "Ben Cash being a good and responsible father?" It was very interesting since it really opened the discussion and different viewpoints. I commented how imposing some ideals on your children is okay, but if those start causing harm to them, Ben can already be irresponsible and not a good father. The scene where Ben tells his daughter Vespyr to go "rescue Rellian Cash '' from the grandparent's house and, by doing so, causes his daughter to almost become paraplegic. Because of this, Ben can be considered a bad father since he caused harm to his children (also seen when Rellian breaks his wrist and Ben doesn't give him any health assistance). Ben also imposes his opinion on his children, and when Rellian disagrees with it, Ben doesn't accept it nicely because it's something he does not respect.

Module #1, commenting on deviance, is one that I assimilated with a lot. Not many people know, but I'm from the countryside of São Paulo, specifically born in Americana and raised in São Carlos. I spend the majority of my life around there. 15 years of my life, and coming to São Paulo and especially studying at Avenues really made me feel outside of the norm, being treated as a deviant person. I, unlike most of my colleagues, wasn't born rich, which made me not have habits that are expensive; I'm a simple person who enjoys spending time with my family and friends. The people in school (the majority) only think about superficial aspects of life, such as going to parties, drinking, or spending money on things that are fruitless.

I believe that being deviant in school is what makes me different from the rest since I have two ways of viewing life, one that values the essence of life without money and another which sees the value of money and why it is so important.

American Psycho is a movie in which the main character (Patrick Bateman) is a psychopath that shows no emotion and even fake some. He is a really wealthy business men who is very egocentric and can't tolerate seeing success or people that he doesn't like (such as prostitutes). Because of this he always invites them to his apartment, where he grabs an axe and kills them in cold blood.

Being a sociopath or psychopath is an exaggerated form of showing who are outsiders in our society, still it manage to portray how Patrick Bateman is an outsiders to conventional morality and social norms. He is totally disconnected from human connection and ethics, aspects that the majority of people view as bizarre and because of it label sociopaths and psychopaths as outsiders of our society.

Upon arriving at a village, Justino meets a lady named Severina, who helps him, hires him to do small jobs such as carrying shopping for her, and teaches him to read and count. After some time doing these jobs for Severina, Dona Severina offers him a house and enrolls him in a school.

At school, Dona Severina and a sociologist who lends Justino books encourage him to continue studying. At the end of the book, Justin decides to become a doctor to help the people of his land who suffer from poor health.

It's through this story and Justino's lack of basic living needs, a family, and education that what is needed for human thriving is shown. Justino lives a very hard life, which really shocked me as a kid since I had never heard of such misery and suffering when I was a kid. This book helped me understand that basic living needs, a family and education, are necessary for human thriving and that without us helping one another, there is no thriving. These facts are what make us thrive, as well as human cooperation and basic opportunities.

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