https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb Made by Jakub en-us 2018-03-22 12:47:15 UTC 2023-03-28 16:12:48 UTC hello@padlet.com 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/244960715

a law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

]]> 2018-03-22 12:55:36 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/244960715 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/244963011

the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

]]> 2018-03-22 13:00:12 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/244963011 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/244965135

fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

]]> 2018-03-22 13:04:51 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/244965135 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245433622 Labor law]]> 2018-03-23 13:05:44 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245433622 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245434067 jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.]]> 2018-03-23 13:06:48 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245434067 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245434763 From the 1890s to the 1960s, many state governments in the Southern United States administered literacy tests to prospective voters purportedly to test their literacy in order to vote. In practice, these tests were intended to disenfranchise racial minorities.

]]> 2018-03-23 13:07:59 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245434763 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245933341 the prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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]]> 2018-03-26 03:37:16 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245933341 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245933615 Some form of speech plus some form of action.]]> 2018-03-26 03:39:30 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245933615 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245933860 A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination. Any statute that makes a distinction between individuals based on any of the suspect classifications will be subject to a strict scrutiny standard of review before the Supreme Court.]]> 2018-03-26 03:41:40 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245933860 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245934713 Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement. For example, often the concentration of African-Americans in certain neighborhoods produces neighborhood schools that are predominantly black, or segregated in fact, although not by law]]> 2018-03-26 03:47:30 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245934713 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245935104

reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).

]]> 2018-03-26 03:50:32 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245935104 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245936369 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy]]> 2018-03-26 03:59:52 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245936369 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245936977 Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy]]> 2018-03-26 04:04:58 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245936977 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937222 Incorporation, in U.S. law, is the process by which American courts have applied portions of the U.S. Bill of Rights to the states.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:07:19 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937222 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937387 Frankfurter and White took no part in the consideration or decision of the case. Engel v. Vitale, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:09:02 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937387 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937645  a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.]]> 2018-03-26 04:11:46 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937645 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937962 a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court. In a 5–4 majority, the Court held that both inculpatory and exculpatory]]> 2018-03-26 04:15:10 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245937962 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245938188 The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction "the equal protection of the laws".]]> 2018-03-26 04:17:06 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245938188 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245938553 a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts.]]> 2018-03-26 04:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245938553 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245938988

an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:23:22 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245938988 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939284 The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:26:01 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939284 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939429 The US Supreme Court, in a 7-2 decision, affirms the legality of a woman's right to have an abortion under the Fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.]]> 2018-03-26 04:27:23 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939429 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939621 a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".]]> 2018-03-26 04:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939621 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939771 a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history. In it, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys. ]]> 2018-03-26 04:30:45 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939771 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939988 a test courts may use to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. To pass rational basis review, the challenged law must be rationally related to a legitimate government interest.]]> 2018-03-26 04:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245939988 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245940475 In 1878, the Supreme Court was first called to interpret the extent of the Free Exercise Clause in Reynolds v. United States, as related to the prosecution of polygamy under federal law.]]> 2018-03-26 04:37:06 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245940475 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245940780

judicial suppression of material that would be published or broadcast, on the grounds that it is libelous or harmful. In US law, the First Amendment severely limits the ability of the government to do this.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245940780 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245940997 The court ruled in an 8–1 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act (represented through David Kurtzman) from 1968 was unconstitutional, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. ... As in Pennsylvania, most of these funds were spent on Catholic schools.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:42:30 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245940997 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245941632 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:48:42 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245941632 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245941798 A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:49:45 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245941798 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245941916 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:50:54 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245941916 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942011 Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement. For example, often the concentration of African-Americans in certain neighborhoods produces neighborhood schools that are predominantly black, or segregated in fact ( de facto ), although not by law ( de jure ).

]]> 2018-03-26 04:51:51 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942011 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942154 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942154 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942276 a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship.]]> 2018-03-26 04:54:49 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942276 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942403 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:56:21 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942403 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942474 Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government. It includes speech attacking basic institutions of government, including particular governmental leaders. Its criminalization dates back at least as far as the Alien and Sedition Act.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:57:17 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942474 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942580 In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:58:41 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942580 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942660 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

]]> 2018-03-26 04:59:01 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942660 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942687 All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.]]> 2018-03-26 04:59:18 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/245942687 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/246021077 Slander: the action or crime of making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation.

Libel: a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation.

]]> 2018-03-26 11:44:35 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/246021077 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/246021713 Under common law, to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed. Some common law jurisdictions also distinguish between spoken defamation, called slander, anddefamation in other media such as printed words or images, called libel.

]]> 2018-03-26 11:47:00 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/246021713 19jddavis https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/246022245 Court case deciding whether not letting someone wearing a swastika is a violation of the first amendment]]> 2018-03-26 11:48:57 UTC https://padlet.com/19jddavis/iq7a28337ejb/wish/246022245