Marcomolecules E montage by ANINDA KRISNA ANJANI ZEN

Chemical composition

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 03:33:10 UTC

Theres two types of compounds in a cell :
1) Organic compound
2) Inorganic compound

Organic Compound

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 03:40:33 UTC

- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acid

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 03:46:41 UTC

Lipids

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 03:47:09 UTC

1 ) Fats and oils are triglycerides

A triglyceride is an ester that is formed through the condensation of one molecule of fatty acids.
Triglycerides can be broken down by hydrolysis

2) each molecule of fats and oils consists of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 molecule of fatty acids.

3) can be saturated or unsaturated
- saturated fats are solids at room temperature
-unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature

saturated fats
- no double bond

unsaturated fats
- has a double bond

Carbohydrates

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 03:47:28 UTC

Monosaccharides
- monomers of carbohydrates
- Can be broken down further into smaller carbohydrates
- Also known as simple sugars
Example:

glucose C6H12O6
fructose (sweet fruits and honey)
galactose (milk)

Disaccharides
- disaccharides or "double sugar" consists of two monosaccharides joined together through condensation

^{glucose + glucose = maltose + water
 
glucose + fructose = sucrose + water 

glucose + galactose = lactose + water}

- also known as complex sugars

- can be broken down through hydrolysis

Polysaccharides
- Hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides can be linked through condensation reactions to form a long chain of molecules or a polymer
-Polysaccharides are polymers formed by the condensation of glucose monomers

example
starch (main energy storage found in plants)
glycogen (main reserve of carbohydrates in yeasts)
cellulose (plant cell walls are made out of)

Protein

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 03:47:37 UTC

1) Made up of one or more polymers, known as polypeptides
a) each polypeptides is made up of monomers called amino acid.
b) Dipeptide consists of two monomers linked together by peptide bond formed through a condensation reaction
- can be broken down by hydrolysis

Types of protein
Primary structure
- linear sequence

Secondary Structure
-alpha helix 
-beta pleated sheets

Tertiary Structure
-When the helix chain or beta sheets, folded and coiled into 3D shape

Quartenary Structure
- when more 2 or more tertiary structure polypeptide chains are arranged to form a functional and complex protein

Nucleic acid

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 04:20:03 UTC

1) Complex marcomolecules which stores genetic information in the form of codes.
2) Basic units are nucleotides
3)Two types :
- DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
- RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA)

DNA

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 04:24:29 UTC

1) Double stranded nucleic acid, with the two strands of polynucleotides twisted around each other to form a double helix.
2) Most of the DNA are found in the nucleus of a cell
3) DNA is the genetic material that organisms inherit form their parents
4) DNA stores information regarding its own replication and the order in which amino acids are linked to make a protein

RNA

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 04:26:50 UTC

1) is found in the cytoplasm, ribosomes and in the nucleus
2) Messenger RNA carries DNA's genetic code into the cytoplasm and directs the synthesis of proteins
3) RNA is also the genetic material for some viruses

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 07:45:01 UTC

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 07:45:03 UTC

anindakrisnaanjanizen — 2019-02-07 07:45:07 UTC