D20142069332   

GROUP D

I would like my unmanned vehicle is occupied with the blind spot monitor. It is a sensor that will detects other vehicle located on the driver side and rear. The second sensor is the parking sensor. This sensor will help me while parking by alerting me to obstacle while driving. The third one will be shock detector which indicate a specified physical impact has occurred. It will give the signal whether to continue or not to driving based on the shock on the vehicle. 

Assalamualaikum dan Salam Sejahtera.

If I are  to design an Unmanned ground vehicle around UPSi campus, I would like to choose gyro sensor, ultrasonic sensor and 

I choose gyro sensor because it will measure the rotational change of orientation about axis of UGV. This device is use in spinning wheel on axle. Once it spinning, it will resist the changes to its orientation momentum of the wheel. Hence, it will detect the UGV either it want to turning or falling over.

I also choose ultrasonic sensor because it enables for UGV to recognize the objects, avoid any obstacles, measure distance and detect the movement. It will send ultrasonic pressure waves toward object and the time will be measured for the pulse to bounce from target and return to sender. It is like an echo. This sensors will not work efficiently is there is soft surfaces. The measurement of the distance is in centimetres(cm)and inches(inch). It be able to measure from 0 to 2.5 meters.

Second I will use gyro sensor. It can sense rotational motion and sense changes in orientation. It is often used as car navigation and be used to navigate the vehicle.

D20142069386

GROUP  D

 

For unmanned ground vehicle, I will choose to use colour sensor. It  can detect the colour or intensity of light that enters the small window on the face of  the sensor.  

Second, I will use compasses. It provides a measure of absolute heading. There are many different types of compasses: mechanical magnetic, fluxgate hall-effect, magnetoresistive and magnetoelastic compasses. Compasses are passive exteroceptive heading sensors.

Third, I will use ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensors work by  sending packets of pressure waves toward the object and measuring how long  it takes for the pulse to bounce off the target and return to the sender. tati�Zo��

D20141067199

GROUP A

 

Assalamualaikum dan salam sejahtera...

If i are to design an Unmanned ground vehicle around UPSi campus, what kind of sensor would i choose is PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor) .

Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) has two main parts. The first part of the infrared
transmitter , while the second part of the recipient . When the sensor is
available through the transmitter will send a signal or a signal to the
receiver . In addition , the receiver will provide instructions on another
device . For example, open a door or make a sound , depending on the
application applied system . 

 

Examples of applications :Doors can open itself automatically . Sensors that detect the movement.

GROUP B

Assalamualaikum,
If i get a chance to build an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus,i would like to choose Ultrasonic Sensor which can measure the distance to an object in fornt of it.

If Ultrasonic Sensor used on unmanned ground vehicle,i think it will be more safety because the concept in measure that accurate in centimeter unit for small distance and inches for long distance.It ussually can detect with quickly when the object or wall that approached by vehicle.It can guarantee the passanger safety from hit when use it.

This sensor also have the transmitter that can emit the ultrasonic wave and the receiver to receiving the reflection of ultrasonic waves on the object.The process so fast and give the better result to detect the object.

 -

D20141067197

GROUP A

 

Assalamualaikum dan salam sejahtera...

If i are to design an Unmanned ground vehicle around UPSi campus, what kind of sensor would i choose is  Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) .

 DARPA pursues opportunities for transformational change rather than incremental advances. It does so collaboratively as part of a robust innovation ecosystem that includes academic, corporate, and governmental partners. To fulfill its mission, the Agency relies on diverse performers from throughout this ecosystem to apply multi-disciplinary approaches to both advance knowledge through basic research and create innovative technologies that address current and predicted practical problems through applied research

Environment mapping have been many impressive results shown in recent years . In this work, the occupancy grid mapping method is applied in local metric map building. To build an occupancy grid map, the environment is discretized into grids, and the value of each cell is allocated in accordance with the probability that the cell is occupied by obstacles. The grid map is built according to measurements collected by a laser scanner mounted on the vehicle. Additionally, the simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm is employed in real-time dynamic outdoor environment mapping . The mapping algorithm includes three basic components: map update, pose estimation and moving object elimination.

GPS equipment with normal accuracy cannot meet the requirement of the positioning system. Therefore, the differential GPS (DGPS) or GPS-inertial navigation system (INS) positioning system comes into use. In the 2007 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge, most of the unmanned vehicles were equipped with costly DGPS-based navigation systems. The expensive equipment will increase the cost of the autonomous driving vehicle. When in a big city, DGPS positioning signals cannot cover everywhere. Moreover, when there are high buildings, big trees, bridges or tunnels, it is impossible for the system to obtain even ordinary GPS satellite signals.

This kind of sensor that I think  are suitable type of sensor that I want to design an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus.

The best sensor that I choose to design an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus which is ultrasonic sensor that it  can measure the distance in front of it. Ultrasonic sensors will be used to avoid collisions at times where the laser scanner and cameras are active. Ultrasonic range finders are used because of their 3­ dimensional forward field of sensitivity. Many ultrasonic range finders will be placed all over in order to create a fully ­enclosed detection zone.

This sensor will be detect a distance with accurately with a small units measurements of distance.In presence mode it can detect another ultrasonic sensor operating nearby.When listening ,the sensor detects sound signals but does not send them.In my opinion,the the ultrasonic sensor is good way for creating a unmanned ground vehicle design.

If I have to design an unmaned ground vehicle around upsi campus, I would choose the kind of sensor such as OMRON D6T thermal sensor. Why that I choose this sensor because unmanned ground vehicle is a vehicle that operates while contact with the ground and without an onboard human presence therefore the function of this sensor is able to detect the presence stationary humans by detecting body heat, and can also be used to automatically switch off unnecessary lighting, air condition and others, when people are not present. 

This sensor is an extremely sensitive thermal sensor used to detect human presence or movement, since around the campus we have many students or staffs this sensor is good to be use in unmanned ground vehicle.

            Gyro sensor also effective for ground vehicle. This sensor measures the vehicle’s rotational motion and changes its orientation. It can balancing the vehicles and set the vehicle’s turns. Gyro sensor also can detect when the vehicle is turning.

Touch sensor 
It is on and off switch. For unmanned ground vehicle, I think this is a basic sensor that I need to switch it on for make it move and then switch it off to make it stop moving.

 
 Gyro sensor
it is an angular rate sensor. Gyro sensor is a digital sensor that detects rotational motion on a single axis. I think this sensor can help my unmanned ground vehicle balance can be control so it might help my vehicle from fall.

 

For design unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus, the sensor that I would choose is color sensor, touch sensor and ultrasonic sensor. First color sensor,  used to detect color of road or intensity of the light that enters the small window on the face of sensor. Color sensor are divide with three different modes. There are color mode that can use to regonizes seven colors. This ability to differentiate between colors means your robots might be programmed to sort colored balls or blocks, speak the names of colors as they are detected, or stop action when it sees red. Then in relected light intensity mode, the color sensor measures the intensity of light reflected back from a red light–emitting lamp.Lastly,i n ambient light intensity mode, the color sensor measures the strength of light that enters the window from its environment, such as sunlight or the beam of a flashlight. 

Second the touch sensor is an analog sensor that can detect when the sensor’s red button as been pressed and when it is released. That means the touch sensor can be programmed to action using three conditions – pressed, released, or bumped (both pressed and released). Using input from the touch sensor, a robot can be programmed to see the world as a blind person might, reaching a hand out and responding when it touches something (pressed). So it can help disable people.

Lastly, the ultrasonic sensor is a digital sensor that can measure the distance to an object in front of it. it does this by sending out high-frequency sound waves and measuring how long it takes the sound to reflect back to the sensor. the sound frequency is too high for you hear. Distance to an object can be measured in either inches or centimeters . this allows you to program your robot to stop a certain distance from a wall. 

i) Color Sensor. As stated, color sensor’s function is to detect the color or intensity of light that enters the small window on the face of the sensor. Based on the three different modes which is Color Mode, Reflected Light Intensity Mode, and Ambient Light Intensity Mode, it has different ability and function.

 

Reason : Having a Reflected Light Intensity Mode as an example, this can be used for vehicle because it can make the vehicle to move around on a certain surface until a certain line is detected, or to interpret a color-coded identification card. Thus, it can be implemented on the road around UPSI.

 

ii)Infrared Sensor. This sensor can detect infrared light reflected from solid objects. This sensor also has three different modes which is Proximity Mode, Beacon Mode, and Remote Mode.

 

Reason : Taking Proximity Mode as an example, it has function which this sensor itself uses the light waves reflected back from an object to estimate the distance between the sensor and that object. Thus it can be implemented to the vehicle, which it can detect the distance with the vehicle at the front so it can avoid a crash or accident and also can manage the speed of the vehicle.

Thank you.

Assalamualaikum and a very good day.

In my opinion, if I were design an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) around UPSI campus, the sensors that I would chooses to develop UGV would be gyroscopes sensor, ultrasonic sensor and infrared sensor. For gyroscopes sensor it is a device for maintaining orientation and also for measuring based on principle of the device is a spinning wheel on an axle. It can be used to correct the orientation errors before they accumulate. 

Besides, the ultrasonic sensor also a needed sensor for an UGV. It is a key field to avoid obstacles then it encountered the waves reflect back to the UGV. If the obstacle is found, it avoids obstacle and it returns the detected data and transmit it to host machine.

The infrared sensor it is used for not harming the UGV itself. This means the sensor detect the terrain region which have deep depression and detect it which will help UGV to move in its direction.

Thank you.

D20142069377

GROUP D

 

If I were to design an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus, I would like to use ultrasonic sensor and gyro sensor.  Firstly, i choose ultrasonic sensor because It can use reflected sound wave to measure the distance of any objects from the vehicle.  This sensor also can avoid vehicle from hit anything at any angles by stop a certain distance from the objects. Next, this ultrasonic sensor can move around better and lowering the risk of accident and it also works well in the night. 

 

Secondly, i choose gyro sensor because this sensor is effective for ground vehicle. This sensor also measures the vehicle’s rotational motion and changes its orientation. It can balancing the vehicles and set the vehicle’s turns. Gyro sensor also can detect when the vehicle is turning.

 

In my opinion,this two sensor i choose is good way for creating a unmanned ground vehicle design araound UPSI campus. Thank you..

Thank you.

In my opinion, there are several types of sensor that I would like  choose.

1.       Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic sensor is make for measure the distance to an object in front of it. Using this sensor, allow unmanned group vehicle to stop a certain distance from a wall.

 

2.       Infrared sensor

Infrared sensor is sensor can detect infrared light from solid objects. Infrared sensor have three modes, which is proximity mode that use for estimate the distance between the sensor and the object. Another one is beacon mode and remote mode.

 

3.       Gyro sensor

Gyro sensor is used for detects rotational motion on a single axis. Other than that, we can use this rotation angle to detect, how far can turn.

 

4.       Color sensor

Color sensor can detect the color or intensity of light that enter the small window on the face of the sensor, that I think quite important to recognize anything around unmanned group vehicle.

 

Thank you. -

NUR ATINA BINTI SHAPUDIN

D20141068629

GROUP C

Assalamualaikum…….

If I am design an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus, I would to choose Wheel / Motor Sensors because it may measure the position or speed of the wheels. Wheel movements can be integrated to get an estimate of the robot’s position. They are very inexpensive and thus they are used on most wheeled robots. There are many types of encoders including optical, magnetic, inductive, and capacitive encoders. The most commonly used and most reliable is the optical encoder. Encoders are proprioceptive heading sensors. They can be either active or passive. 

The second sensor is Gyroscopes. A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of  conservation of angular momentum. The essence of  the device is a spinning wheel on an axle. The device, once spinning, tends to resist changes to its orientation due to the angular momentum of the wheel . This is the definition of the classical gyroscope, also known as spinning mass gyroscope. The most popular gyroscopes used in mobile robots.

The last sensor is Ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensors work by sending packets of (ultrasonic) pressure waves toward the object and measuring how long it takes for the pulse to bounce off the target and return to the sender. The distance of  the echoing object can be calculated based on the propagation speed of sound and the time of flight. The generation of sound wave is done by piezo or electrostatic transducers. 

 

 

YUHANIS BINTI AZUBIR

D20142069391

Assalamualaikum

If I am design an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus, I would to choose Ultrasonic Sensor because it works on transmitting a pulse of sound outside a range of human hearing. This pulse travels at a speed of sound in a cone shape. It also waits for the reflected sound signal in the form of echo. If echo is received, the distance of the object is computed based on the elapsed time.

 

            After that, the second sensor i would to choose is Gyroscope because a sensor to measure the rotational change of orientation about axis of the unmanned ground vehicle. The rate of change of angular position is detected and the data is applied for the vehicle control.

 

            The third sensor is laser range-finder. This sensor is a device that uses a laser beam in order to determine the distance to an opaque object. It works by sending a laser pulse in a narrow beam toward the object and measuring how long it takes for the pulse to bounce off the target and return to the sender. 

            Lastly, I would choose touch sensor because it is an analog sensor that can detect when the sensor’s red button as been pressed and when it is released. That means the touch sensor can be programmed to action using three conditions are pressed, released, or bumped (both pressed and released). 

 

(D20142069380)

Group : E

If I am designing an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus, the type of sensor that i will choose are sound sensor, ultrasonoc sensor and gyro sensor. I prefer sound sensor because we can communicate each other. How? For example we want go to  other buldings but its so far away. So we just talk to the car to bring us. So its easy to us to go any destination in UPSI campus. Second is ultrasonic sensor. This sesor very suitable for unmanned groud vhicle. Because this sesor can detecting object from any angles and its also can minimize accidents. Lastlay is gyro sensor. This sesor also suitable for use driving the vechile to determine the correct angle when change the divition of vechile.

First, the ultrasonic sensor is a type of sensor that detects waves in low or high frequency to measure the distance between the sensor and any object in its paths. Examples reversing the vehicle and the sensor at the back of the vehicle will activated to caution the driver to avoid from crashing.

Next, the color sensor is type of sensor that can detect different colors. By using this sensor, it can detect traffic light color on the road which. When the traffic light turn to red, the sensor will detect and it will slowdown and stop the vehicle. When the traffic light turns green, the vehicle start moving forward.  Not only that, it also can detect road lines such as yellow and white.

Others that, I will use gyro sensor to measure how fast and how far the vehicle is turning. For me this is the main sensor that should fix in. This is because the driver know the speed of the vehicle and they can drive based on the speed limit on the road.

Last, I will install the touch sensor which it can detect touched, bumped and released. For touched condition, it can detect by switch on the engine when the driver touched the start engine button. for the bumped condition , it can detect by bump or crash any object. Then the air bag comes out from the vehicle dashboard. That’s all my answer. Thank you.

The ultrasonic distance sensor emits an ultrasonic pulse and is captured by a receiver. Since the speed of sound is almost constant in air, which is 344m/s, the time between send and receive is calculated to give the distance between our robot and the obstacle. This sensor can also sense for noncontact presence, proximity or distance measuring application. It can sense distance by transmit sound towards a target and the sound that reflect back will give the distance to the target. It also can be used to solve even the most complex tasks involving object detection or level measurement with milimiter precision, because their measuring method works reliably under almost all conditions and that is why I am more prefer to use this sensor.

 

Another sensor that I will use is gyroscope or simply called Gyro is a device which measures and helps maintain orientation using the principle of angular momentum. Gyro sensor is an angular rate sensor. It's sense rotational motion on a single axis. I think this sensor can help my unmanned ground vehicle balance can be control so it might help my vehicle from fall. Gyro can be used for measuring the rotation rate around a particular axis. It is very useful if we want our robot to not depend on earth’s gravity for maintaining Orientation. Gyro sensor is suitable for use in driving the vehicle to determine the correct angle when we want to change the direction of vehicle.

D20142069331

Group E

The kind of sensor that I will choose if i want to design an Unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus is Movement sensor that follow the line with colour I choose for move and stop. Each colour defined its own function. This unmanned vehicle use to transport student of block of class.

Color sensors detect the color of a surface. The sensors cast light on the objects to be tested, calculate the chromaticity coordinates from the reflected radiation and compare them with previously stored reference colors. If the color values are within the set tolerance range, a switching output is activated. The Color Sensor recognizes seven colors which is black, blue, green, yellow, red, white, brown and clear.

The Gyro Sensor is a digital sensor that detects rotational motion on a single axis. If you rotate the Gyro Sensor in the direction of the arrows on the case of the sensor, the sensor can detect the rate of rotation in degrees per second. Gyroscopes are of particular importance to positioning of mobile robots because they can help compensate for the foremost weakness of odometry. They can be used to correct the orientation errors before they accumulate.

The Ultrasonic Sensor is a digital sensor that can measure the distance to an object in front of it. Ultrasonic sensors work by sending packets of (ultrasonic) pressure waves toward the object and measuring how long it takes for the pulse to bounce off the target and return to the sender. Distance to an object can be measured in either inches or centimeters. This allows you to program your robot to stop a certain distance from a wall.

If I design an unmanned ground vehicle around UPSI campus, I will be choose the Gyro Sensor and Ultrasonic Sensor to navigate it safely around the campus

Firstly  I will choose the Gyro Sensor. The Gyro Sensor can detects rotational motion on a single axis. It also can sense change in orientation. The essence of the device is a spinning wheel on an axle. The device, once spinning, tends to resist changes to its orientation due to the angular momentum of the wheel. They can be used to correct the orientation errors before they accumulate. So, this sensor can use in tire movement and safe car's handle.After that, I will choose the Ultrasonic Sensor. The Ultrasonic Sensor that can measure the distance to an object in front of it. It does this by sending out high-frequency sound waves and measuring how long it takes the sound to reflect back to the sensor. Ultrasonic sensors do not work efficiently when there are soft surfaces in the environment that absorb most of the sound energy or when the surfaces are not perpendicular to the direction of the sound. So, this sensor are useful when we want to parking the car and can prevent accidents with sensors that have been used. 

Thats all. Thank you . :)

Gyroscope sensor also known as angular rate sensor or angular velocity sensors. It is a device that sense angular velocity which is the motion that human have the difficulty sensing. Gyroscope is a device that uses Earth’s gravity to help determine orientation. Its design consists of a freely-rotating disk called a rotor, mounted onto a spinning axis in the center of a larger and more stable wheel. Gyroscope sensors come in a variety of types such as Ring Laser Gyros, Fiber-Optic Gyros and Fluid Gyros. Moving forward, demand for vibration gyros is expected to grow in area such as vehicle driver safety and support systems, and in robot motion control.

Ultrasonic Range Finder is a sensors that measures distance with sound waves like a wireless sonic ruler. The reasons why I choose this sensors is because it will avoid obstacles and measure distance with ultrasonic range finder. This sensor finds objects with sound the same way a bat or dolphin does. One part of the sensor is a speaker that sends out a sound wave. The other part is microphone that then measure how long it takes for the sound wave to came back. The longer it takes to come back,  the further away the object. This  sensor is a simple ultrasonic rangefinder. It cannot detect individual objects. It can only tell you how long it took the sound sent out to return. It will measure the closest object. 

That's all. Thank you.
One more thing sorry Dr for the delay because I sending my laptop to the shop for repair.

A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena

If i design a ground vehicle around UPSI campus, I will use a sensor for detect an object. This sensor can detect any object behind the car. This sensor can help a user to reverse the car without hitting any object. So the user can park their car easily without assist from others. If there is an object very near the car, the sensor will send a information to the dashboard  and a ‘beep’ sound will be produce to warn the driver to stop. Thank you