-- Brief introduction --

8 parts of a sentence: Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction

Importance of punctuation

Subject, object and verb: the big 3! Most basic sentences are structured around them

Articles

Singular nouns VS Plural nouns

Noun: Name people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., mango, honesty, Japan)

Pronoun: A word that takes the place of a noun (e.g., he, she, it, they)

Verb: A word that describes an action, occurrence, or state of being (e.g., run, swim, know)

Adjective: A word that describes a noun or pronoun (e.g., sweet, rough, elegant)

Adverb: A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, often ending in -ly (e.g., quickly, carefully, splendidly)

Preposition: A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence (e.g., in, behind, to, from)

Conjunction: A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or)

Punctuation: Punctuation helps clarify meaning and indicates pauses or stops in writing (e.g., commas [,], full stops [.], apostrophes [‘], question marks [?])

Subject: The part of a sentence that tells who or what the sentence is about. The “main topic” of a sentence

Object: A noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb / is the focus of a preposition

Verb: The action taken by the subject, or the object

Example sentence: The cat(subject) ate(verb) the fish(object).

Article: An article is a word that defines a noun as specific or unspecific (e.g., a, an, the)

Singular nouns: Nouns referring to a single object (e.g. bottle, card, poster)

Plural nouns: Nouns referring to multiple objects (e.g. books, keychains, wires)

Link to quizziz: https://wayground.com/join?gc=54265756 (available till 24th July)

Verb tenses:

Verb tenses are changes or additions to verbs to show when the action took place: in the past, present, or future.

6 of 12 verb tenses (other 6 will be taught in lesson 2a):

Simple Past

• Used to show actions completed in the past

  • [past participle]

Simple Present

• Used for actions/habits in the present

  • Most basic of the tenses

• Exception! This tense changes when the subject is third person and singular

  • Usually [infinitive], but changes to match the subject

Simple Future

• Used to show actions that have not happened yet, but will later on

  • [will] + [present participle]

Past Perfect

• Used to show multiple actions completed in the past, with one action occurring before the other

  • [had] + [past participle]

Present Perfect

• Used to describe

  • An ongoing action started in the past that is not yet completed

  • The same action that has been completed multiple times in the past, and is likely to be completed again

  • An action completed very recently (usually with “just” or “now”)

  • An uncompleted action that is expected to be finished (in the negative)

  • [have/has] + [past participle]

Future Perfect

• Used to show an action that will be completed in the future by a specified time

• Usually used with words like “by”, “before”, etc.

  • [will] + [have] + [past participle]

Materials used:

slides - https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Tx1C4KEugN4F4lDZnt8EDQwmaHOZEPq-gOtcpRf9Ers/edit?usp=sharing

quizizz - https://wayground.com/join?gc=09051484 (will end on Jul 31, 11:57 PM) OR join quizizz with the code 52043100

Recap of last weeks "Verb tenses part 1" lesson.

All content in the quiz is covered in the slides / lesson summary.

Link to quizizz: https://wayground.com/join?gc=49148636

(will end on August 7)

Run through of Tenses part 1a, rough check on tense understanding.

Link to quizziz:

https://wayground.com/join?gc=61364284

6 out of 12 verb tenses

Past Continuous

• Used to show ongoing actions in the past

• Also used for habitual actions that occurred in the past

  • [was/were] + [present participle]

Present Continuous

• Used to show an action happening right now / in the near future

• Also describes something that occurs frequently or habitually, often with a time adverb, such as regularly or always

• [am/is/are] + [present participle]

  • Difference between Simple Present tense: Present Continuous describes actions in progress or temporary states, while the Simple Present describes habitual actions

Future Continuous

• Used to show future actions happening over a period of time (especially when a specific time is mentioned)

• Shows more certainty than the simple future tense

  • [will] + [be] + [present participle]

Past Perfect Continuous

• Used to describe ongoing actions that happened in the past (instead of a one-time occurrence)

• Used similarly to the Past Perfect tense

• Usually used with words such as “when” and “before” to connect it to another past action

  • [had] + [been] + [present participle]

Present Perfect Continuous

• Used to show an ongoing action in the present that was started in the past

  • [have/has] + [been] + [present participle]

Future Perfect Continuous

• Used to show future ongoing actions that continue up until a certain point, usually used with a specified time

  • [will] + [have] + [been] + [present participle]

Materials used

Slides: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1f_vMSA9UvucNr40GNcqAzl4I4pzrcWuovGEj4Ri5d7I/edit?usp=sharing

Wayground: https://wayground.com/join?gc=43514044

Recap of last weeks "Verb tenses part 2a" lesson.

All content in the quiz is covered in the slides / lesson summary.

Link to waygrounds: https://wayground.com/join?gc=02302466

Vocabulary quiz 1 (Easy)

Materials used:

Vocabulary.com

Recap of all tenses learnt thus far. All content in quizizz is covered in the slides.

Link to waygrounds: https://wayground.com/join?gc=27476034