i)             So who's invited to the wedding? Meghan Markle's American family includes her roguish half-brother, estranged half-sister, an uncle who runs his own church - and another uncle who is younger than her (The Daily Mail UK, 27 November 2017) 

ii)            NOT A DUPLI-KATE: Seven reasons why Meghan Markle is nothing like Kate Middleton… from relationship history to fashion sense (The Sun UK, 27 November 2017) 

iii)           Meghan Markle's PA quit 'after being reduced to tears by the Duchess'(The Mirror UK, 1 December 2018) 

methodology:  

Discourse Analysis of Media Texts, Anabela Carvalho (2000) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288984827_Discourse_analysis_and_media_texts_a_critical_reading_of_analytical_tools 

sample analysis: Textual analysis: 

1)    Surface descriptors and structural organization 

a.    Surface descriptors 

Article 1 – written by Ruth Styles in The Daily Mail UK, 27 November 2017 

Article 2 – written by Sophie Roberts in The Sun UK, 27 November 2017 

Article 3 – written by Halina Watts in The Mirror UK, 1 December 2018 

b.    Structural organization 

Article 1: criticising and mocking Meghan Markle’s family 

Article 2: comparing Meghan Markle with Kate Middleton 

Article 3: portraying Meghan Markle as ‘the bad boss’ 

2)    Objects 

Main theme of all 3 articles: spreading hatred toward Meghan Markle 

3)    Actors 

The royal household (Meghan Markle, Prince Harry, Kate Middleton) 

Meghan’s family 

Meghan’s personal assistance 

4)    Language and rhetoric 

Key concept: to show negative images of Meghan 

Language/choice of words: negative connotations 

Writing style: informal 

Rhetorical role: appeal to reader’s emotions 

5)    Discursive strategies and processes 

Framing: organizing discourse according to a certain point of view or perspective – production and construction of texts 

Narrativization: constructing a sequence of predicted events and anticipated consequences 

Positioning: constructing social actors into a certain relationship with others – constitution of the identity of the subject through discourse 

6)    Ideological standpoints 

Showing opposition toward Meghan Markle through racism, discrimination, and misrepresentation 

 

1.      Speculation 

Lingam and Aripin (2017) define speculation as comments that form theories about particular matters without any concrete evidence. 

 

Based on the comment above, the original poster speculates Democratic Action Party (DAP) as a political party who uses their Malay supporters for their own political agenda. He does not provide any concrete evidence to support his judgment about DAP using Malays as a scapegoat for their political agendas. Instead, he only writes it merely based on his biased judgments and political stance. Firth’s social context says that language of speakers plays an important role in determining the meaning and also events are uttered. 

 

Based on his fluent and distinctive command of Malay language, it can be concluded that he is a Malay man who holds a strong detestation against DAP, a majority-Chinese political party in PH, the current government. The commenter represents a significant number of Malays who are not in favour of DAP. In Malaysian political context, a responsible political party has been scaring Malays off by saying remarks such as the Malays will live a hard life if DAP were to take over Malaysia one day in order to obtain their votes. In addition, the dislike held by the Malays stems from the long-existing tension between them and Chinese which sparked stronger than ever since the racial riot on May 13^th, 1969. 

2. MCDONALDS YOUTUBE CHANNEL  
https://www.mcdonalds.com.my/goldenprosperityburger

https://youtu.be/meuKTZMyRwI

https://youtu.be/e-LoMsfE810

3. INTERTEXTUALITY, HYMES SPEAKING MODEL, COHESION AND COHERENCE 

Source of data: Festive Advertisement in YouTube (Touch n Go) 
 https://youtu.be/ni7fOyj2WI0

Method of Analysis: Discourse Analysis

One Sample of Analysis:

Script for "Iklan Raya Paling Touching"

💣 SCENE 1

SON: Hello
 MOTHER: Hello!
 SON: Ni mesti nak suruh balik raya ni
 MOTHER: Mana hang tau ni? 
 SON: Ala... Semua iklan raya macam ah, awal-awal call nak suruh balik raya
 MOTHER: Salah. Mak nak suruh hang beli kuih Almond London 
 SON: Lah, nak suruh belikan kuih, mesti nak suruh balik sekali kan? 
 MOTHER: Hang balik ko, tak balik ko, itu tak penting. Yang penting kuih Almond London keno ado kat sini
 SON: Takdo hal lah mok!

👏 Setting: Phone call
 👏 Participant: Son and his mother 
 👏 End: 'kuih raya'
 👏 Act: Greetings --demand for cookies 
 👏 Key: Strict tone 
 👏 Instrumentalities: Casual, Verbal, Phone call
 👏 Norm: family
 👏 Genre: Conversations