Animals get traded to safer spaces to conserve biodiversity.

•includes: managed sustainable extraction of natural resources

•Biodiversity conservation is optimized while those with the natural rights to the resources can make a sustainable living from them.

Techniques- by removing dykes and dams to free up blocked rivers or reducing the active management of wildlife populations, nature can revert to its wild state.

Benefits- Gives reintroduced species and communities the space to thrive, while the population is enhanced by reintroducing of key native species.

Result- Biodiversity increases and the ecosystem’s health improves.

Evaluate - National parks are effective in conserving biodiversity because it protects wildlife, habitats, and geological sites, but visitors are allowed to access national parks which can damage the parks in different ways.

Evaluate - examples of ways to maintain biodiversity through sustainable harvesting:

• requiring permits for harvesting a resource

• regulating how much of a resource can be harvested and when

• taking a set % of a resource to allow for regrowth and ecosystem function instead of harvesting all of it

The ITTO employs legislation and protocols to conserve biodiversity by developing international policy guidelines, assisting member countries in their adaptation, collecting data on timber trade, and implementing projects for forest restoration and law enforcement. However, limitations such as illegal trade and the vastness of tropical forests limit their effectiveness.

This method helps conserve biodiversity as when these habitats are damaged or threatened, so is the biodiversity associated with them. By protecting habitats, biodiversity is protected.

Evaluate: National laws such as the Endangered Species Act (USA) make the collection or killing of species on the endangered species list illegal and prosecutable. International laws are in place to protect various species. These usually fall under the management of organisation like CITES and IWC. However, it can be difficult to enforce these laws in the face of International poaching and trafficking.

It also adresses the wide range of whale conservation issues, such as oceanic, whale entaglement, bytatch, whale/ship, collisions and sutainable whale watching

Evaluate- Using this method to preserve nature is pretty effective as they use their scientific research to help determine what species are endangered, extinct, near threatened or data deficient. Which in terms they help collect these species to keep them in a place where they can't be harmed. Though there can be problems with this method such as not all species that are endangered are on the list or sometimes the data isn't correct.

Evaluate- This is very important/useful due to it ultimately allows the ecosystem to replenish its self and function normally.

Nature reserves have shown great effectiveness in protecting wildlife and are protected by national laws. These laws protect them from hunters, and any other disturbance.

The ICW works with:

• Oceanic noise pollution

• Oceanic debris

• Whale entanglement

• Bycatch

• Whale/ship collision

• Sustainable whale watching

It is also limited because the catch limits are still high, it lack an enforcement programme for members who don't comply and illegal fishing is difficult to manage because of the large scale of the oceans.

The European Union Common Fisheries Policy is a set of rules to manage fishing in the EU. The goal is to ensure the sustainable management and conservation of fish stocks in EU fishing waters , which are shared by a large number of countries. The UU CFP sets policies as : manage maximum catch sizes to maintain fish stock in the long term , prevent illegal fishing , protects Red list marine species. But has allowed over-fishing in the past, and difficulties enforcing rules consistently.

To be truly effective, it needs to apply to the fishing practices of EU vessels wherever they are fishing.

Described

(EU CFP) Function: to set the rules for fishing fleets in EU waters.

Objective of (EU CFP): to ensure the sustainable management and conservation of fish stocks in EU fishing waters, which are shared by a large number of countries. to ensure fishermen can compete fairly for fish stocks.

Evaluated

(Pros of the EU CFP) that set policies that:

• Manage maximum catch sizes (catch limits) to maintain fish stocks in the long term.

• Prevent illegal fishing.

• Apply rules and sanctions across the EU.

• Trace and check fishery products throughout the supply chain.

• protect red list marine species.

Limitations of the (EU CFP):

• EU vessels seeking more fish are targeting fragile fishing grounds in West Africa.

• About more than half of West African waters are already overfished.

• For the EU CFP to be very effective, it needs to be applied to the fishing practices of the EU vessels wherever they are fishing.