My sweet padlet by Aidan O'Neill

Formal Definition

250010ec — 2024-08-16 18:36:32 UTC

Development of sense of self, motivation for social/interpersonal

relationships

Founder

250007ao — 2024-08-16 18:44:22 UTC

The founder of the behavioral perspective is B.E. Skinner and Watson. Skinner researched conditioning techniques and created the theory of operant conditioning. Watson believed phobias were learned, and he also proposed behaviorism.

Definitions

250007ao — 2024-08-16 18:50:28 UTC

Formal Definition: The psychological approach that suggests that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and external stimuli.

In own words: People and things respond in different ways than others do depending on the specific environment.

Definitions

260040jc — 2024-08-16 18:51:09 UTC

Formal: Cognitive psychology, which focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information, became a major force in the 1960s.

Own words: Focusing on the perception of learning, memory, thought processes, and problem solving.

Abbreviated Definition

250010ec — 2024-08-16 18:53:24 UTC

Focus on the unconscious mind and how it affects social relationships

Founding Fathers

250010ec — 2024-08-16 18:54:24 UTC

Based upon the work of Sigmund Freud

Humanistic Perspective

250063md — 2024-08-16 18:56:36 UTC

Formal Definition : the “third force” psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice.

Informal Definition : Humanistic psychology focuses on the free will everyone has and everyone’s potential.

Founders

260040jc — 2024-08-16 18:59:21 UTC

The founders are George Miller, James Anderson, and Ulric Neisser. George Miller researched short-term memory and the quantity of information that can be held in your memory. James Anderson researched neural networks and the instrumental aspects of cognitive science. Examples: decision making, speech perception, and models os vision. Ulric Neisser wrote the first book about cognitive psychology and challenged behaviorist theory.

Buzzwords

250007ao — 2024-08-16 19:00:42 UTC

Operant Conditioning: This was used to show how voluntary behavior is learned. Behavioral responses that are followed by pleasurable consequences will be strengthened.

Reinforced: Behaviors are shaped by their consequences—good or bad.

Buzzwords

250010ec — 2024-08-16 19:03:21 UTC

Unconscious mind: a supposed hidden part of the mind in which urges and desires are repressed

Early experiences: a large part of the psychodynamic perspective where it is believed early/childhood experiences are influenced by the unconscious mind

Strengths

250007ao — 2024-08-16 19:04:47 UTC

Some strengths of this is that it can develop predictable outcomes that can be used for studies. Another strength is that it is easier to study due to it being only with observable behavior.

Strengths

250010ec — 2024-08-16 19:08:01 UTC

The psychodynamic perspective has a large focus on the inner workings of unconscious behavior.

Considered it be a highly personal perspective.

Weaknesses/Limitations

250007ao — 2024-08-16 19:08:43 UTC

Some limitations with the behavioral perspective is that it does not care about the mental process, or what is behind the decisions.

Buzzwords

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:10:25 UTC

Scaffolding: The process of when someone else helps them by asking leading questions and providing examples of concepts

Centration: Focusing only on one feature of some object rather than taking all features into consideration.

Definitions

250007ao — 2024-08-16 19:13:13 UTC

Formal Definition: Perspective that focuses on the influence of social interactions, society, and culture on an individual’s thinking and behavior; in psychopathology, approach that examines the impact of social interactions, community, and culture on a person’s thinking, behavior, and emotions.

In my own words: It is a perspective that deals with how people respond to their environment when they come into contact with others or their community around.

Weaknesses/Limitations

250010ec — 2024-08-16 19:20:08 UTC

Since the psychodynamic perspective is such a personal view, it can be too narrow of a view to get full understanding of behavior.

Founder

250007ao — 2024-08-16 19:20:27 UTC

Lev Vygotsky was the founder of the sociocultural perspective, and he believed that we are all influenced by people in our lives. He introduced the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development. The concept shows the difference to what a child can do when alone versus when with support.

Strengths

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:21:30 UTC

Some strengths is that it can create a more mature thought process, become more aware of negative and positive thinking, and improves the ability to detect a solution to a problem.

Founding Fathers

250063md — 2024-08-16 19:22:40 UTC

Founding Fathers : Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

Carl Rogers

person - centered psychotherapy : focuses on growth and self - actualization
unconditional positive regard : learning with acceptance and being understanding
Positive regard : adore and respect from important people in someone’s life

Abraham Maslow

“Hierarchy of Needs” includes human needs and social needs

Strengths

250063md — 2024-08-16 19:22:56 UTC

Strengths : the role of the individual and personality is important to the Humanistic psychology. Humanistic perspective has paved the way for therapy focused on self growth and self development.

Weaknesses

250063md — 2024-08-16 19:23:24 UTC

Weaknesses : Humanistic perspective ignores the negative parts of human nature and problems.

Example

250007ao — 2024-08-16 19:24:10 UTC

An example of the behavioral perspective is when a mother conditions her child to keep his/her hand away from a stove. If the mother punishes the child for getting near or the stove, then the child is likely to stay away.

Example

250063md — 2024-08-16 19:24:48 UTC

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs : How values and priorities are organized. Hierarchy of needs has five tiers, needs are on the lower tiers (food, water, oxygen, ect.) and are needed to reach self-actualization.

Example

250010ec — 2024-08-16 19:28:47 UTC

Suppressed trauma from childhood abuse negatively influences the behavior of an individual into adulthood.

Formal Definition

250010ec — 2024-08-16 19:29:44 UTC

The biological bases for universal mental characteristics that are shared by all humans.

Weaknesses

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:30:22 UTC

Some weaknesses is that is only focuses on your own thought process, can’t be directly observed, and ignores other behaviors.

Abbreviated Definition

250010ec — 2024-08-16 19:32:08 UTC

Instinct/behavior common to most/all people.

Buzzwords

250007ao — 2024-08-16 19:32:41 UTC

Cultural Psychology: The study of cultural norms, values, and expectations.

Social Psychology: The study of groups, social roles, and rules of social actions and relationships.

Cross-cultural research: The contrasts and comparisons of a behavior or issue are studied in at least two or more cultures.

Diffusion of Responsibility: The tendency to feel that someone else is responsible for taking action when others are present.

Example

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:33:23 UTC

An example of the cognitive perspective is using your memory to remember information for a test.

Founding Fathers

250010ec — 2024-08-16 19:33:27 UTC

Based upon the work of Sigmund Freud, who was the first person to propose the unconscious mind theory. He believed it was the unconscious mind that was the source of mental disorder.

Strengths

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:36:13 UTC

Biological perspective is a scientific method and has biological research on behavior. The biological approach looks at genes and chemical processes to clarify behavior.

Weaknesses

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:36:27 UTC

Biological perspective ignores influences of factors that could affect behavior. Some of the factors include experiences, emotions, and environmental factors.

Example

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:36:33 UTC

Fight, flight, or freeze are responses to fear and which reaction someone picks is based on their biology. This is an example of biological perspective.

Founders

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:36:40 UTC

Charles Darwin focused on genetics and evolution in society. How natural selection gives way for people to grow and change. Some traits are passed down so that the next generation is better.

Theory of Evolution : if an environment changes, traits that help survival a part of that environment will change.

Natural Selection : organisms that adapt to their environment have more offspring to share genetic traits with.

On the Origins of Species (1859) : introduces the theory of evolution and natural selection

Buzz words

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:36:47 UTC

Neurons : nerve cells sending messages to let you eat, talk, think, walk ect.

Neurotransmitters : chemicals letting neurons communicate in the body through chemical synaptic transmission.

Brain : senses and controls body movement and behavior.

Definitions

260040jc — 2024-08-16 19:36:59 UTC

Formal Definition: Branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior and learning.

Informal Definition : Biological perspective focuses on how genetics, traits, the nervous system and hormones affect behavior.

Buzz Words

250063md — 2024-08-17 01:39:27 UTC

Free will : The ability to choose

Self-actualization : The achievement of one’s full potential

Self-concept : Based on someone's perspective of their real self and ideal self ; and when similar, people are calm; but when their real self and ideal self do not match, people can have anxiety.

Founder

250010ec — 2024-08-19 02:39:10 UTC

One of the major founders of the evolutionary perspective is David Buss, who approaches social psychological topics—such as social reputation and social prestige—through an evolutionary lens.

Charles Darwin was also one of the founders.

Strengths

250010ec — 2024-08-19 02:41:49 UTC

One of the major strengths for the evolutionary perspective is that behavior due to evolution often avoids danger. Someone who is afraid of heights will avoid large heights due to the fact that heights can lead to injury or death.

Weaknesses/Limitations

250010ec — 2024-08-19 02:45:00 UTC

Individuals can experience fear or hesitation due to evolutionary behavior even if they are completely safe. Some people are afraid to go onto planes because they have a fear of heights, even though statistically planes are safe.

Example

250010ec — 2024-08-19 02:47:53 UTC

A person exhibits fear, anxiety, or hesitation when near snakes. This is because evolution gave humans the fear of snakes because they can be dangerous to be around.

Strengths

250007ao — 2024-08-20 00:54:04 UTC

It explains how relationships affect how people act, which takes into account two different psychology concepts, social and cultural, showing the complexity of it. Another strength of it is it takes into account many people, which enables people to get a greater study on more people than just one.

Weakness

250007ao — 2024-08-20 00:57:49 UTC

A weakness of the sociocultural approach is that many different locations have different cultures, making it hard to use data on one location with another. This leads into another point that different cultures have different genetics, which makes it hard for this approach to pick up on.

Example

250007ao — 2024-08-20 01:04:15 UTC

An example of this approach is when a person is with their family versus their friends. When they are with their family, the person may be more respectful and speak in a moral formal tone. However, when a person is with their friends their tone probably becomes more informal, and they are more rambunctious.

Buzzwords

250010ec — 2024-08-20 18:31:25 UTC

Universal characteristics - evolutionary characteristics are common to many or most people as a result of human evolution

Genes - genes are responsible for passing upon inherited characteristics such as fears