Statistics is the study of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data. It helps us identify patterns and make decisions based on facts.

Types of Data:

📌 Qualitative data – Descriptive information (e.g., colors, opinions, types of pets).
📌 Quantitative data – Numerical information (e.g., height, weight, test scores).

• Discrete data: Whole numbers only (e.g., number of students).

• Continuous data: Can have decimals (e.g., weight, temperature).

Presenting Data

Data can be displayed in different formats, including:
✔ Tables – Organizes numerical data for easy comparison.
✔ Bar charts – Uses bars to represent quantities (good for categories).
✔ Pie charts – Shows proportions of a whole (good for percentages).
✔ Line graphs – Displays trends over time.
✔ Histograms – Similar to bar charts but for continuous data (no gaps between bars).

Measures of Central Tendency (Averages)

Averages help summarize data into a single value. The three main types are:

1️⃣ Mean – The sum of all values divided by the number of values.

• Example: The test scores are 5, 7, 8, 10.

  • Mean = (5 + 7 + 8 + 10) ÷ 4 = 7.5

2️⃣ Median – The middle value when numbers are in order.

• Example: The numbers are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11. The median is 7.

3️⃣ Mode – The most frequently occurring number.

• Example: In 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, the mode is 3 (it appears twice).

📌 Tip:

• Use mean for a general average.

• Use median when there are extreme values (outliers).

• Use mode when looking for the most common value.