Concept Map: Malnutrition by Alia Alhammadi https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u en-us 2022-10-05 20:16:39 UTC 2022-10-13 19:45:56 UTC hello@padlet.com Malnutrition alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2328248029 2022-10-05 20:17:20 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2328248029 Defintion 1: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330615380 Schneyder (2014) states that “The British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN) defines malnutrition as follows: Malnutrition is a state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/ body form (body shape, size, and composition) and function and clinical outcome.”

Citation:
Schneyder, A. (2014). Malnutrition and nutritional supplements. NPS MedicineWise, 37(4), 120-3 10.18773/austprescr.2014.047

]]> 2022-10-07 07:36:59 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330615380 The Two Definitions of Malnutrition: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330616447 2022-10-07 07:37:44 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330616447 Defintion 2 alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330618739 According to Kellett et. (2016) “Malnutrition has been defined by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition as cited in Mueller et al. [9] as “an acute, subacute or chronic state of nutrition, in which varying degrees of overnutrition or undernutrition with or without inflammatory activity have led to a change in body composition and diminished function.” 
 
Citation:
Kellett, J., Kyle, G., Itsiopoulos, C., Naunton, M., & Luff, N. (2016). Malnutrition: The Importance of Identification, Documentation, and Coding in the Acute Care Setting. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016, Article 9026098. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9026098
]]> 2022-10-07 07:40:10 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330618739 Malnutrition have two different type of concepts which they are undergoes it: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330635949 2022-10-07 07:58:14 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330635949 Undernutrition alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330637275 2022-10-07 07:59:46 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330637275 Overnutrition alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330637717 2022-10-07 08:00:15 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330637717 alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330649375 Undernutrition is when a person is undernourished, which leads to a severe deficiency of the required nutrients that the body needs for growth and maintaining a healthy condition (Phillips, 2020).

Citation:
Phillips, W., Doley, J., & Boi, K. (2019). Malnutrition definitions in clinical practice: To be E43 or not to be? SAGE Journals, 49(1), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/1833358319852304]]> 2022-10-07 08:13:38 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330649375 alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330670346 Mathur and Pillai (2019) describes that overnutrition is the opposite of undernutrition, and it is a type of malnutrition. It is when the person takes an excess amount of nutrients that the body enables to function properly, which leads to severe obesity, overweight, chronic diseases, and acute diseases.

Citation:
Mathur, P., & Pillai, R. (2019). Overnutrition: Current scenario & combat strategies. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 149(6), 695-705. 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1703_18]]> 2022-10-07 08:35:15 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330670346 However, the malnutrition concept is related to other terms concepts such as: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330736476 2022-10-07 09:35:05 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330736476 Poor Diet: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330737216  Poor diet is the insufficient amount of whole grains, fruits, protein, and vegetables which on the other side is also the excess amount of eating food that have added sugars. Furthermore, a poor diet is of a person eating an excess of high calories dense foods which are foods high in calories and absences of nutrients. Examples of high calories dense foods are: french fries, pastries, soda drinks, etc.]]> 2022-10-07 09:35:51 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330737216 Poverty: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330737633 The main significant cause of undernutrition malnutrition is poverty (Muller & Krawinkel, 2005). Undoubtedly, developing countries are having a high rate of malnutrition (undernutrition) since they don’t have the ability to provide the necessities (food). According to Muller and Krawinkel (2005), malnutrition in developing countries such as Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are a major public health problem. Due to the fact, they are not just suffering from lacking food, but also other factors for instance: water hygiene, sanitation, environment conditions, politic, and economic circumstances.
 
 Citation:
Muller, O., & Krawinkel, M. (2005). Malnutrition and health in developing countries. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173 (3), 279-86. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A134673882/HRCA?u=zayed&sid=summon&xid=5797569d

]]> 2022-10-07 09:36:17 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330737633 Obesity: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330738136 Malnutrition leads to obesity thus happens when there is excess amount of energy consumption. However, developed countries also have the malnutrition problem but overnutrition. The reason why they suffer from malnutrition is because of the access to high calories dense foods everywhere. The calories dense foods are foods that are high in calories which lack nutrients that the body needs for growth, and eating more than what is needed.]]> 2022-10-07 09:36:52 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330738136 Explain the significance of the term for your major. alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330756995 2022-10-07 09:56:10 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330756995 alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330758630 The significance of malnutrition in my major since I am a public health and nutrition student. Schneyder (2014) mentioned that as nutritionists and dieticians, our role is to limit and reduce the malnutrition problem. The first step in decreasing malnutrition is to know who is at risk the most whether adolescents, adults, pregnant women, or elderly. At this stage we can spread awareness on how those can take care of their food intake while balancing is the key. In addition, a lot of people are sleeping in hospitals because of malnutrition. Therefore, it is important in my major to understand the concept of malnutrition and how it affects both developing and developed countries negatively and to take the right action. By doing screening and assessment tools which are a regular check up of the Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional interview, laboratory test to check the micronutrient in the body, and psychological test to see if the patient suffers from an eating disorder (Schneyder, 2014). Furthermore, the environmental and socioeconomic factors play a huge role in malnutrition because when a person is suffering from an acute disease as a consequence of malnutrition this leads to increasing health care insurance which unfortunately in developing countries, they have poor or even no health care insurance. In contrast, in developed countries they have health care insurance, but the country will suffer in paying more to the hospital and it will affect the country's productivity. Malnutrition is a major problem both in a medical and economic perspective therefore understanding the risk factors of it and preventing it with appropriate treatment will help in achieving less cots and increasing the productivity; this is why the malnutrition is an extremely significant term in my major.]]> 2022-10-07 09:57:55 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330758630 Use the term to describe an example from the local context and/or from your own experience. alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330766967 2022-10-07 10:06:59 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330766967 Example from local context: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330829333 An example from the local context: my beloved country the UAE is one of countries that fight against malnutrition. The Crown Prince of Dubai, Mohammed Bin Rashid, had announced a campaign for 100 million meals, and it ended successfully by providing over 216 million meals to poor countries (Jacobs, 2021). Moreover, As claimed by The Official Portal of the UAE Government (2022), the UAE developed a strategy called National Food Security Strategy 2051, which fights against malnutrition problem that seeks in achieving zero hunger by assuring access to safe, nutritious, and adequate food worldwide. Another example, The Dubai Cares (2012) had implanted a program in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mali, Sudan, and Yemen that prevented malnutrition as well as focusing on enrolling children to continue their primary education schooling. The program focuses on letting parents be encouraged to send their children to the primary school program to receive both benefits of nutritious meals and gaining knowledge.

 Citations:
Dubai Cares and Save the Children launch. (2012, December 25). “A Life Free From Hunger: Tackling Child Malnutrition” Arabic Report. Dubai Cares. https://www.dubaicares.ae/news/dubai-cares-and-save-children-launch-life-free-hunger-tackling-child-malnutrition-arabic-report/
 
Zero hunger. (2022, May 17). The United Arab Emirates' Government portal. https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/leaving-no-one-behind/2zerohunger
 
Jacobs, B. (2021, August 15). THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AND THE FIGHT AGAINST MALNUTRITION. The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/the-united-arab-emirates/ 
]]> 2022-10-07 11:13:30 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330829333 Example from my own experience: alayaalh https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330880454 Due to the fact, I am underweight according to the BMI classification. I had suffered from severe iron deficiency and this led to headache, lack of concentration, and dizziness. Which here I am undernutrition. However, I treated the iron deficiency by taking supplements to increase my hemoglobin and to prevent further health issues. Therefore, from my experience I have learned that I should take care of myself and have an adequate intake of nutrients to fulfill my body requirements and to have full composition growth.]]> 2022-10-07 12:03:42 UTC https://padlet.com/alayaalh/ii42g0na5y308m7u/wish/2330880454