https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x A protest during the civil rights movement en-us 2019-04-15 03:37:37 UTC 2026-01-15 05:05:24 UTC hello@padlet.com https://imgglb.padletcdn.com/v13/image?t=g_auto&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet.net%2Ficons%2Fpng%2F1f68c.png skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351553887 The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a peaceful protest during the civil rights movement in which African Americans refused to ride the buses in Montgomery, Alabama from 1955 to 1956 in order to object against the segregated seating arrangement. Ultimately, the Supreme Court ordered Montgomery to integrate the bus seating.]]> 2019-04-15 03:54:10 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351553887 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351569828

https://www.britannica.com/

https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/

https://www.biography.com/

https://www.beaconbroadside.com/broadside/2013/12/a-timeline-of-the-montgomery-bus-boycott.html

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott

https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/herblocks-history/fruits.html

]]> 2019-04-15 06:08:34 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351569828 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351569897 8.1, Unit 9 - Chapter 27]]> 2019-04-15 06:09:10 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351569897 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351763054 2019-04-15 18:15:25 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351763054 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351814606 Jo Ann Robinson was a professor at Alabama State College as well as a prominent civil rights activist. After being verbally assaulted on a segregated city bus, she became a lead organizer of the Montgomery Bus Boycott while an active member and eventual president of the Women's Political Council. ]]> 2019-04-15 21:15:44 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351814606 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351814728 Edgar Daniel Nixon worked as a porter in the Pullman railroad system and was an avid civil rights activist. He was a leader in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the voters League. He had a fundamental part in Rosa Parks case that would lead to the organization of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Dr. King's role in that protest.]]> 2019-04-15 21:16:29 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351814728 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351814951 Ralph Abernathy was a minister in the Christian church as well as a leader in the civil rights movement. He was an active member of the NAACP and worked very closely with Martin Luther King Jr. to establish the Montgomery Improvement Association which would lead to the organization of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. ]]> 2019-04-15 21:17:58 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351814951 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351815181 Martin Luther King Jr was a prominent leader in the American Civil Rights movement. He became a head of the change during the 831 day Montgomery Bus Boycotts when he was 26 years old. He constantly received death threats and bombing attempts from those opposed to his progressive ideas. He was even arrested 30 times. King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957. He was assassinated in 1968 at only 38 years old.]]> 2019-04-15 21:19:15 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/351815181 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352093782

March 2, 1955: Claudette Colvin is arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person

October 21, 1955: Mary Louise Smith is arrested for not giving up her seat to a white woman

December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white person

December 2, 1955: The Women's Political Council organizes a one-day boycott of the Montgomery buses on Dec. 5th in response to the Parks arrest

December 5, 1955: The one-day boycott has an incredible turnout, and leaders meet to form the Montgomery Improvement Association, name Martin Luther King Jr. president, and vote to extend the boycott.

December 8, 1955: the MIA gives a list of demands to the city of Montgomery but is denied.

December 13, 1955: The MIA organizes carpools to help people get around during the bus boycott

January 30, 1956: Martin Luther King Jr.'s home is bombed, he calls for peaceful demonstrations

February 1, 1956: ED Nixon's home is bombed

February 21, 1956: more than 80 boycott participants are charged with conspiracy

March 19, 1956: Martin Luther King Jr. is incriminated as the leader of the boycott

June 5, 1956: Segregation on city buses is ruled unconstitutional by a federal district court

November 13, 1956: The Supreme Court upholds the district court ruling and ends the legal requirement of segregation on buses.

December 20, 1956: The  Supreme Court order for the mandated end of bus segregation is delivered to Montgomery

December 21, 1956: Montgomery buses are officially completely desegregated and MIA ends the bus boycott 

]]> 2019-04-16 18:57:38 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352093782 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352148699 The MIA was founded by African American pastors and major public leaders of Montgomery, Alabama in 1955. The organization was headed by Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph Abernathy, and ED Nixon. It was key in the organization of the Montgomery Bus Boycott which put national attention on the Civil Rights Movement as well as King.]]> 2019-04-16 22:33:22 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352148699 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352148709 The WPC was founded by  Mary Fair Burks in 1949 in order to fight for equal treatment and voice of Black people in American society. It promoted African American involvement in the community, aided in increased Black voter registration, and pressing influential politicians. The WPC was a key organizer of the Montgomery Bus Boycott that got the civil rights movement national attention.]]> 2019-04-16 22:33:34 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352148709 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352148738 The National Association of the Advancement of Colored People is an organization that works to ensure the equality of rights of African Americans in all  parts of society. It was co founded by W.E.B Du Bois in 1909 to fight for the social justice and civil rights of black people in the post-civil war/Reconstruction era. Leaders of the Montgomery branch of the NAACP aided in the organization of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, calling together major activists.]]> 2019-04-16 22:33:53 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352148738 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352155243 Nonviolence - the major method of demonstration used in the Montgomery Bus Boycott was a peaceful form of protest. It showed that African Americans were civilized people that were able to band together as a single entity and bring attention to the major issue of the unequal, unfair treatment of African Americans. Peaceful protest was also a method of using Christian ethics, in which violence is not condoned. The massive non-violent movement also financially impacted the Montgomery bus system as they lost many regular customers. This showed that Black people were an equal and valuable part of the community.]]> 2019-04-16 23:28:58 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352155243 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352157048 The segregation on buses (as well as other public places/systems) violated the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution. The 14th Amendment states that all citizens of the United States are guaranteed equal rights and equal protection by the government and all laws regardless of race. Black people were being treated unequally to Whites as they were forced to sit in the back of buses and give up their seats for White people. ]]> 2019-04-16 23:47:27 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352157048 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352157845 This political cartoon illustrates the climate in Montgomery during the bus boycott. Black people were participating in a civil, peaceful protest in which they simply refused to ride the buses that were segregated and treated them poorly. While demonstrating through nonviolence, they were met with serious, violent lash back from White people and authorities who often harassed, attacked, and even imprisoned the Black protesters. This demonstrated that African Americans were civilized and peaceful while White people were treating them with violence based on racism and prejudice (life was not desperate but equal).]]> 2019-04-16 23:55:24 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352157845 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352164712

On June 5, 1956, a Montgomery federal district court ruled that segregation on public city buses was unconstitutional, violating the 14th amendment which stated that all US citizens are subject to equal rights and protection under all US law.

On November 13, 1956, the US Supreme Court upheld the ruling made by the federal district court and banned the laws that required segregation on buses. The buses were officially integrated the on December the 21st.

This was a significant stride for the civil rights movement, as African Americans were given equal rights in at least one aspect of society. However, the integration was met with serious lash back from White people who often acted extremely violently towards African Americans on and off the buses. Also, bus stops were still segregated. 

]]> 2019-04-17 00:51:18 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352164712 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352167158

The Montgomery Bus Boycott is considered to be the first mass civil rights protest which would be the beginning of the nation-wide movement towards equal rights of African Americans that consisted of many different events. 

The Boycott gained attention throughout the nation and across the world which brought attention to the unfair treatment of African Americans in the US.

Martin Luther King Jr. came out of the boycott as a major leader of the Civil Rights movement, preaching for nonviolent resistance to unfair and unequal treatment of black people in order to effect change. He would later go on to be one of the most prominent civil rights leaders who was able to influence many (especially with his powerful speeches) to bring about the advancement of African Americans

After the boycott, King helped to establish the Southern Christian Leadership Conference which became a leading civil rights organization which was instrumental in the Birmingham Campaign and the March on Washington

•  The Birmingham Campaign was the series of nonviolent protests during the Civil Rights Movement that were occurring frequently in Birmingham, Alabama and used to bring attention to the desegregation efforts being made there. It was led by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. There were many conflicts between young, black protesters and white authorities, which drew large amounts of attention and caused the government to change the segregation laws. 
• The March on Washington was a large-scale protest that occurred in August 1963 in Washington DC when more than 200,000 demonstrators gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in order to protest and draw further attention to the inequality, segregation, and discrimination that Black people still faced.
  
  
  

]]> 2019-04-17 01:10:54 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352167158 skinde9312 https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352184531 Self-recorded description of the Montgomery Bus Boycotting]]> 2019-04-17 03:03:04 UTC https://padlet.com/skinde9312/ii3z9dmkc19x/wish/352184531