Bookmarks by https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks Made with charm en-us 2022-03-02 14:02:24 UTC 2022-03-02 17:11:03 UTC hello@padlet.com Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) visceral nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073621468 -Involuntary control
-Branches of cranial and spinal motor innervate ( Cardiac and smooth muscle of internal organs and glands)
-Regulated by hypothalamus and medulla oblongata
-Autorhythmicity
-Homeostasis regulation

ANS Subdivision:
1. Sympathetic Nervous System (Adrenergic)
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System (Cholinergic)

]]> 2022-03-02 14:07:23 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073621468 1. Sympathetic Nervous System = Adrenergic nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073626233
Fight, Fright, Flight


]]> 2022-03-02 14:09:08 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073626233 2. Parasympathetic Nervous System = Cholinergic nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073627962
Rest and Digest]]> 2022-03-02 14:09:56 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073627962 1.1 Adrenergic Neurotransmitters nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073642168 Acetylcholine (ACH) ---> at ganglion
Norepinephrine (NE) ---> at postganglionic nerve endings
Epinephrine (EPI)
Dopamine (DA)

]]> 2022-03-02 14:16:12 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073642168 2.1 Cholinergic Neurotransmitter nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073649378 Acetylcholine(ACH) --- > at ganglion, at postganglionic nerve endings]]> 2022-03-02 14:19:22 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073649378 1.2 Adrenergic Receptors nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073673973
Alpha-1: Most arteries and veins, glands, eyes, smooth muscle
Alpha-2: Adrenergic nerve ending (Parasympathetic response)
Beta-1: Heart
Beta-2: Lungs, coronary and skeletal muscle blood vessels

]]> 2022-03-02 14:30:14 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073673973 2.2 Cholinergic Receptors nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073684163 Muscarinic: Cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands at the parasympathetic postganglionic nerve ending.
Nicotinic 1 (Nn): At ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and Sympathetic nerves ( synapse area)
Nicotinic 2 (Nm): Somatic neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) skeletal muscle ]]> 2022-03-02 14:34:42 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073684163 1.3 Effect from sympathetic Stimulation nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073710572 Adrenal medulla ---> Release epinephrine
Arteries ------------> Vasoconstriction (except the coronary arteries and arteries to skeletal muscle, which are dilated)
Heart-------------->Increase conduction and contractility
Postganglionic NT --> Norepinephrine released
Pupil of eye -------> Mydriasis (dilation)
Respiratory passages, lower--> Bronchodilation

GI motility, and secretions--> Decreased
Urinary bladder-------------> Relaxation
Urinary sphincter------------> Contraction]]> 2022-03-02 14:46:54 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073710572 2.3 Effect from Parasympathetic Stimulation nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073736592 Adrenal medulla ---> None
Arteries ------------> Most arteries are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves
Heart-------------->Decreases conduction and a slight decrease in contractility

GI motility, and secretions--> Increased
Postganglionic NT --> Acetylcholine released
Pupil of eye -------> Miosis ( constriction)-smaller
Respiratory passages, lower--> Bronchoconstriction
Urinary bladder-------------> Contraction
Urinary sphincter------------> Relaxation]]> 2022-03-02 14:58:35 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073736592 1.4 Sympathomimetics: mimic the sympathetic system (Adrenergics, Agonists) nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073817984 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
Alpha-1 receptor is stimulated
Action: contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP
vasoconstriction of nasal passages - decongestant effect

*ephedrine-increases BP
*phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)


2. Adrenergic Agonists
Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors
Action: Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP
Cardiac stimulant
Bronchodilator

 *epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

3. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Beta -1 Adrenergic Agonists
Low dose: dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys vasodilation/ increased renal blood flow
Moderate dose: beta 1 receptors-heart, increases the force of contraction and cardiac output
High dose: alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction increase blood pressure

*dobutamine

4. Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists
Stimulates beta 2 receptors
Action: Relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus and the lungs (bronchodilation)

*formoterol (Foradil®)
*albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)
*terbutaline (Brethine®) 
*salmeterol (Serevent®)]]> 2022-03-02 15:36:03 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073817984 1.5 Sympatholytics: works against the sympathetic system (Adrenergic blocking, blockers, Inhibitors, Antagonists) nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073824140 1. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
Binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
Action: Relaxation of smooth muscle and ureters,
vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP

 *prazosin (Minipress®)
 *terazosin (Hytrin®)
 *doxazosin (Cardura®)

2. Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs
   
        2.1 Selective Beta-1 Blockers
Beta-1 receptor is blocked
Action: Decreases force of contraction(- inotropic), decreases HR(- chronotropic), decreases conduction(- dromotropic), decrease in cardiac output, decreases BP

*atenolol (Tenormin®)
*metoprolol (Lopressor®)

        2.2 Non-selective Beta Blockers
block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
Action: Decreases force of contraction(- inotropic), decreases HR(- chronotropic), decreases conduction(- dromotropic), decrease in cardiac output, decreases BP, and can cause bronchoconstriction 

 *nadolol (Corgard®)
 *propanolol (Inderal®) 
 *timolol (Blocadren®)


]]> 2022-03-02 15:38:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073824140 2.4 Parasympathomimetics: mimic parasympathetic system (Agonists, Cholinergics) nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073858959
1. Direct–Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division, mimics ACH
Action: Pupil constriction, decreases intraocular pressure, prevent constipation and urinary retention post-op

 *acetylcholine
 *pilocarpine (Pilocar® )
*bethanechol (Urecholine®)


2. Indirect –Acting Cholinergic Agonists
inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse
Action: increases ACH

*neostigmine (Prostigmin®)]]> 2022-03-02 15:55:53 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073858959 2.5 Parasympatholytics: against parasympathetic system (Antagonists, Anticholingerics) nataliamartinezvanegas https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073861945 1. Anticholinergics
Bind to a cholinergic receptor
Action: Acts as a blocking drug; Competitive antagonism

*atropine
*dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
*ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)


]]> 2022-03-02 15:57:16 UTC https://padlet.com/nataliamartinezvanegas/Bookmarks/wish/2073861945