A)Johnathan has testified he lose weight.But,his mother testified that his weight has been increased.Therefore,you shouldn’t believe him.

B)Alexander always cheats in the exam.But,she never do any revision.Therefore,she always cheats.

 

2.Attacking the motive

A)Carl persuades me to study medicine.But,he is a doctor so of course he persuades me to study medicine.

B)Steve keeps telling me the advantages of insurance.But,he is a salesman so of course he will ask me to sign up insurance. 

 

3.Look who’s talking

A)My uncle advises me that I shouldn’t vaping.It is not good for health.But he has been vaping for more than 5 years.

B)Christina ask us to attend all the classes.It will affect our attendance.But she always absent all the time.

 

4.Two wrongs make a right.

A)I won’t feel guilty when skipping classes.Most of the students used to skip class everyday.

B)I won’t feel guilty when telling lies.Everybody used to tell lies.

 

5.Scare Tactics

A)Lecturer told us that if our attendance doesn’t meet the requirements,we will be barred from the exam.

B)You will fall sick if you keep playing in the rain.

 

6.Appeal to pity

A)My pet died yesterday so I didn’t have enough time to complete the tutorial questions.Could I submit my homework later?

B)I’m absent for class because I have met an accident when I’m on the way to school.Could you help me to sign my attendance?

 

7.Bandwagon Argument 

A)Boys look cool when they smoke cigarettes.So,you should smoke too.

B)Girls look pretty when they wear contact lenses.So,you should wear too.

 

8.Straw Man Fallacy

A)

Amy:"We need to clean out the closets. They are getting a bit messy."

 Amelia:"Why? We just went through those closets last year. Do we have to clean them out everyday?" 

Amy:"I never said anything about cleaning them out everyday. You just want to keep all your junk forever, which is just ridiculous"

B)

Eric:  Cosmetic surgery is very good for people who is not satisfied with their looking.

Paul: What nonsense! That allow people to change what God created them and change the appearance given by their parents. 

 

9.Red Herring

A)Teacher asks Henry why he doesn’t attend to the examination.Henry tells teacher that he has been a friendly and popular person in the school.

B)Mother asks my brother why he doesn’t come back home last night.My brother asks my mother why she didn’t asks my sister who getting out with her yesterday.

10.Equivocation

A)He came home in floods of tears and there was a huge tear in his shirt.

B)A man that wears a T-shirt with a picture of a snake on the back put a book on the shelf in the library.

11.Begging the Question

A)Vegetables and fruits are healthful because it’s good for you.

B)Lily live healthier and happier lives because of her positive attitudes.

 

2.Attacking the motive
 - Jack argued that we have to donate money to JB Club. But Jack is a member of that club so obviously his argument is a lot of self-serving nonsense. 
 - James Black, owner of the Collins Construction Company, argues that the school needs new buildings because the old ones are worn down.

3.Look who's talking
 - Doctor : You should quit smoking.
    Patient : Look who's talking! I'll    quit when you quit! 
 - William : You cheated on your income tax. Don't you realise that's wrong?
    Henry :  Hey, you've cheated on your income tax las year too!

4.Two wrongs make a right
 - "Why am I the only one getting reprimanded when everyone else is using drugs too."
 - Ken don't feel guilty about cheating the online quiz because half of the class cheats too.

5.Scare tactics
 - Teacher : Everyone must buy this book from me or else I will
 deduct your assignment marks.
 - If you sit too close to the television set, you will go blind.

6.Appeal to pity
 - "I know the assignment is graded based on performance, but you should give me an A. My cat has been sick and my girlfriend broke up with me so it was really hard for me to study!" 
 - "Officer, can I not get fined? My wife left me and I have to raise my three children alone."

7.Bandwagon Argument
-Lyn likes to watch Chinese drama, but her friends like to watch Korean drama. Lyn stops watch Chinese drama and starts watch Korean drama.
-Jenny do not likes sports, but her friends like to do gym. So, Jenny decided to do gym too.

8.Straw man
-Lim: People that drive audi car are rich.
-Tan: Lim said the people that not drive audi are poor.

-Tay: Teacher said that the homework must summit before Thursday.
-Jenny: Tay said that teacher ask when can we summit the homework?

9.Red Herring
-Rose’s mum asked Rose how the results of this exam, Rose starts asking her what to eat for dinner today?
-Ben asked Ali when he wants to return his book, Ali said he wants to play basketball tonight.

10.Equivocation
-Ali wants to meet a star, Abu asks Ali look up watching the stars.
-Are you a glass half full person? Come on! I’m not made of glass.

11.Begging the Question
-Smoking can harm lung function as it causes lung cancer.
-Taking drug is illegal because it breaks the law.

 

-Yuki has testified he is on diet. But, Haziq testified that Yuki eats ten onigiri. Therefore, you shouldn’t believe Yuki’s testimony.

-Qiyang has testified he quit smoking. But Haziq saw him smoke yesterday. Therefore, you shouldn’t believe Qiyang’s testimony.

2.Attacking the motive

-Mr.PG1 says that learning rap can become celebrity earn lots of money. But,  he is the owner of the rap studio of course he wants many students to enroll the rap classes.

-Qiyang says that coconuts shake is so nice. But he is the maker of coconut shake of course he wants many students to buy from him. 

3.Look Who’s Talking

-Mika asks us to save money.But, she is a shopaholic. 

-My father asks me to drive slowly. But, he drives overspeeding everyday. 

4.Two wrongs make a right 

-I don’t feel guilty on eating in class. Most of students eat in class everyday.

-I don’t feel guilty on littering everywhere in MMU. Most of students used to litter around in campus.

5.Scare tactics

-If you don’t want to talk everyone, nobody will not be friend with you. 

-A teacher tells the students if they don’t keep quiet, the principle is bound to hear and come to the classroom.

6.Appeal to pity

-I failed my test because my cat died yesterday. Could I have a chance to resit the exam again?

-John didn’t do anything which he had to do because his mother passed away. Could he submit home work later?

7.Bandwagon Argument

-Yuki likes to reading and would rather do that than playing sports. His friend make fun of him that reading is for nerds so, Yuki stop reading and start to play sports more. 

-Mika notices that many of her friends have started to go to gym. She decides that this must be the healthy way to keep fit, so she joins them.

8.Straw Man 

-Yuki says I don’t like raining day. Mika says raining is good for crops because if it doesn’t rain, the crop wii wither and not supply any nutrient from rain water.

-Masa says children shouldn’t play on the road. Carol says If don’t let them play outside, they wii be bored at home.

9.Red herring

-My mother gets your result of examination and you have failed in the exam. You begin to talking to her about how hard your sports training and how well you did on making cake today.

-My mother tells your younger brother to go to bed and your younger brother begins to ask the question, say that he is hungry or say that he needs to go to bathroom. All to avoid bad and district my mother.

10.Equivocation

-A feather is light. What is light cannot be dark. Therefore, a feather cannot be dark.

-What is the longest sentence in life? The longest sentence in life is life sentence.

11.begging the question

-Smoking cigarettes can kill you because cigaretts are deadly.

-The greatest thing we can do is to love each other. Love is better than any other emotional.

1171102704 muhammad haziq bin izaaq

1.personal attack fallacy

a）elain say she already study all the subject for final exam.

But，Fiona said Elain never study before exam.

Therefore，you shouldn‘t believe what Elain’s said.

b）Haziq has testified he was very handsome.

But，his sister testified that Haziq just normal.

Therefore，you shouldn't believe what Haziq‘s testimony.

2.attacking the motive

a）Jian Wei says that the makmak shop’s food is the best in Melaka.

But，he is the owner of the makmak shop so of course he want people to eat there.

b）Andy says that G200 is the best clothing shop in the Melaka.

But，he is the manager for G200 so of course he want shop there.

3.look who‘s talking

a）Fiona says that girl shouldn‘t spend to much time with guys.But she always spend time with Jian Wei.She’s clearly a hypocrite.

b）Carol says that we should always be punctual during meet ups.But she always the last one to arrived.She‘s clearly a hypocrite.

4.two wrong make a right

a）I should punch yuki back because yuki punch me first.

b）I dont feel guilty smocking in campus because everyone is smocking in campus.

5.scare tactics

a）My mother say if i no go to school she will kick me out from house.

b）Teacher say if you talk when she is teaching she will punish you .

6.appeal to pity

a）Can you still be my girlfriend because i am very sad，next week i have final exam and i have to make my feeling better.

b）I know i didnt summit my assignment on time but my cat pass away yesterday.Could you please postpone the date.

7.bandwagon argument

a）I cant believe you buy clothes from that cheap store. You don’t want to be looked down by us. So, you must only buy clothes from that branded store!

b）I can’t believe you didn’t play game.If you don’t want us to leave you,don’t you?

So,let join us play !

8.straw man fallacy

a）A: Yuki is a boy who not enough understanding.

a）B: Yuki,A say that you always flirt with other girls.

b）A: The artist is very good in singing and acting.

b）B: A say that the artist is very bad in singing and acting.

9.red herring

a）Xinger had an accident where she hits a car.

But she is very rich.

Clearly,the criticism of Xinger is unwarranted.

b）Shueann always come late to class.

But she is very good person in the class.

Clearly,the criticism of shueann is unwarranted .

10.equivocation

a）Sugar can give you diabetes.

Carbonated drinks have sugar.

So,carbonated drinks can give you diabetes.

b）Younger people have to be independent.So,parents should not care about them.

11.begging the question

a）Yuki:Carol why are you become fatter ?

Carol: Because I’m getting fat.

b）Footballer is a game for men.Women shouldn’t play football.

1 Personal Attack Fallacy 
• Bob has testified he becomes smart but Lucy saw Bob played games in the class. Therefore you shouldn't believe Bobs testimony.

•Tom advised me to practice basketball but he has never practiced basketball.

2 Attacking the motives
• Mohamed says that Mee Goreng is very delicious but of course he wants to sell and earn much money.

•Peter says that learning dance can earn much money but he is the owner of the dance studio of course he wants many students to register the dance class.

3 Look who's talking 
• My mother advised me not to eat junk food too much but she eats junk food every day.

• My father told me not to smoke because smoking is not healthy but he smokes every day.

4 Two wrongs make a right 
• I don't feel guilty to sleep in the class. Most of students sleep in the class every day.

•I don't feel guilty to use smart phone when I watch movies .Many people use smartphones when they watch movies.

5 Scare tactics 

•Teacher said me if you can't pass midterms, she will give extra assignments.

•My girlfriend told me if you can't give me presents on birthday, she will break up with me.

6 Appeal to pity 
• I failed Toefl exam because I was flu. Could you please give me the exam again?

•I failed final exam because my cat was dead. Could you have a chance to do the exams again?

 7 Bandwagon argument 
•Football player are known as handsome guys. I thought you want to be one of the handsome guys, so why are you still playing tennis?

•Mike has never dyed hair. But nowadays, dying hair are fashionable among young people. So, Mike should dye hair now.

 8 Staw-man fallacy
•A: I don't think children playing game is good.
 B: I don't think so. Because some game improve knowledge.

• Poul and John are eating snack for dinner.
 Poul: I think we should eat more meat, vegetable and fish next time.
 John: You are saying that we should stop eating snacks because it's not nutrition.

 9 Red herring
•Many people flame Daichi for being late in the soccer practicing. But Daichi has been a professional football player. That's why many people can't say anything.

•Lon failed final examination. But Lon has attended all class. So, teacher give him his credit.

 10 Equivocation
• I face traffic jam. Therefore, I think my life is trable.

• paying money to movie is the right thing to do. So, movie has a right to our money.

 11 Begging the question 
• Sports is exciting because it is fun.

•Women shouldn't be sumo fighter because sumo fighter should be a man.

Examples:

1) “We should take the taxi instead of walking to the mall because it’s going to rain” said Gemok. “I think you should take the taxi because you are fat, Gemok.” said Thomas

2) “I can’t eat Wasabi because it’s too spicy” said Alicia. Megan replied “I know that you don’t eat wasabi because you hate all things Japanese.”

 

Attacking the Motive

Examples:

1) “In my opinion, all boyfriends should not let their girlfriend pay for her shopping” said Aliah. “I know very well that you want me to pay for your shopping because you’re broke” said her boyfriend.

2) “Research shows that seatbelts will not reduce injury during a collision” said the son. “I know that you don’t want to wear the seatbelt because you’re lazy” said the father.

 

Look Who’s Talking (Tu Quoque)

Examples:

1) “You shouldn’t drive too fast so that you wouldn’t get involved in an accident” said A. “I don’t agree with you, A, because you drive too fast all the time.” said B

2) “You should always recycle plastic bottles to save the environment” said Mom. “I don’t agree with you Mom, because you throw away plastic bottles all the time” said the son.

 

Two Wrongs Make A Right

Examples:

1) “Why are you throwing rubbish outside the rubbish bin?” said a bystander. “Well, at least I don’t throw rubbish in the drain which can cause blockage and lead to flash floods” said Sam.

2) “Please stop drinking alcohol because it can destroy your liver” said Nancy. “Well, at least I’m not taking drugs or smoking marijuana.” her brother replied.

 

Scare Tactics

Examples: 

1) “I must give you detention again for bullying your friend.” said the principal. “If you dare to give me detention again, I will slash your car tires” threatens the child.

2) “You are found guilty of cheating, therefore, you are sentenced to 6 months imprisonment.” said the judge. “If you dare to put me to jail, I will hire my men to come after your family” the accused threatens.  

 

Appeal to Pity

Examples:

1) “I shouldn’t get a D for this test because, yesterday, I took care of my sick cat and it died this morning” claim the student

2) “Please don’t let me fail this driving test, because, yesterday I chased some thieves and fell down, it hurts my leg very much”

 

Bandwagon Argument

Examples

1) “You shouldn’t use Product X because my colleagues and friends say that using that will make you look darker.”

2) “Buying that coat is useless as my friends say it won’t make you look wealthier”

 

Straw Man

Example:

1) “I don’t think Buddha exists” said Ahmed

“So you don’t think that Buddha was human? Then what do you say of the life of Buddha as described in history that he was a prince of Sri Lanka was false?.” Ching replied.

2) “Only chickens are descendants of Dodo birds” Darwin says

“Does it mean that you think other flightless birds like ostrich, peacock and emu are not descendants of the dinosaur?”Alfred argues.

 

Red Herring

Examples:

1) “I think fireworks should be banned because they are dangerous.” said Smith. “Well, guns should be banned because they kill people too.” Najib says.

2) “Pork should be banned because they are against Islamic belief.” the ulama says. “So, beef should also be banned because it is against Buddhist belief” Ching Ting says.

 

Equivocation

Examples:

1) “That person is sick because he killed his own child!”

“I am sick because I have diabetes, therefore I killed my own child”

2) “Rich people have a lot of money”

“Sara cooks food rich in nutrition, therefore she has a lot of money”

Begging the Question

Examples:

1) “Having sex makes me happier because I am happy when having sex”

2) “Taking paracetamol can cure fever because I cured my fever after taking paracetamol”

 

-Personal attack fallacy

①My friend have a suggestion but he is very stupid. Therefore, his suggestion is bad.

②The company boss said to employees that they should work seriously but he  always overslept in the morning. Hence employees shouldn’t work hard.

 

-Attacking the Motive

①My friend said that you should eat this bread because this is the most delicious bread in the world. But his parents are running the bread shop and its bread is made by them. 

②TV shopping recommends that product extensively, but TV shopping profits by selling it, so it is natural to recommend exaggerating.

 

-Look Who’s Talking

①My father said that you should not sleep and should play outside in holiday but he always sleep in holiday. So, I’m not agree with him.

②At the party, Tom said that don’t eat chickens and cakes until everyone come here but I saw Tom eating the strawberry on the cake. So, I want to eat it too.

 

-Two Wrongs Make a Right

①I didn’t feel guilty crossing the street with a red light. Because, I followed more than 10 people.

②My friend Andy was beaten by Sam so I beat Sam black and blue to help Andy.

 

-Scare Tactics

①Unless rain, Tom said that I want to go hiking to the mountain but I think it was troublesome so said to him that it is dangerous for us and it is possible to die by slipping from the mountain way.

②you should be positive in the high school life. The last year student like you was very passive and become alone every day.

-Appeal to Pity

①I’m sorry for being late for my class but I want you to hear that my lunch box was eaten by the bird and my wallet was stolen by stranger.

②I missed the train that it can arrived destination in time because of the incident that I didn’t correspond with my girlfriend and I was shocked about it.

 

-Bandwagon Argument

①Why do you want to go to the mountain? We should go to the sea and beach! There are many chance to make a girlfriend because most women like the sea rather than the mountain. Let’s go to the beach!

②You should buy a iphone rather than an android phone. Why? It is more popular than an android phone.

 

-Straw Man Fallacy

①A: Adults should tell children to read many books.

B: It’s not good. Because, it makes them not go outside.

②A: It is good for busy working people who don’t have enough time to eat to eat fast food.

B: I think it say to them “Be fat.”

 

-Red Herring

①Decreasing Japanese young population is not seriously problem. Teenager is very kind and active in japan. So, Japanese should focus another problem. 

②Tom failed the Critical Thinking exam last semester. But, he always cleaned the Critical Thinking class room before class. Therefore, his teacher should give him “A”.

 

-Equivocation

①In japan, almost all living goods made for right handers. But there are a lot of left handers too. Therefore, left handers should claim our right.

②One direction live is always crowded with exciting fans and very hot. So, fans should bring mobile fan to the live.

 

-Begging the Question

①A cake is very sweet because it is used sugar to make.

②Yusuke is always same cloth because he has only one cloth.