Learning theory Unit 5 by Naila Claire Gajdova

Section 1

ngajdova7478 — 2024-11-22 17:49:38 UTC

Classical conditioning- a type of learning where you can turn neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus eventually triggering a similar response. ( two stimuli are paired) For example: Every time I hear the microwave ring, I know my foods ready. so when I hear a ding I associate it with food.(continuous reinforcement)

operant conditioning- a type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior.

for example: Whenever I do my chores around the house, my mom would reward me by either giving me money or buying me something I wanted for a while. (secondary reinforcement)This encouraged me to help around the house after being rewarded multiple times ( variable ratio schedule) because it meant I would get something in return.(reinforcement )

Social observational learning- the method of learning by observing and copying behaviors, attitudes and expressions of others. for example when watching your parents you can be learning things like how to cook by being near them in the kitchen and observing what they do. sometimes my mom would let me taste the food as we went along if I helped her. (primary reinforcement)

Section 4

ngajdova7478 — 2024-11-25 02:43:55 UTC

A list of things i’ve learned by observing others in my life

1) when other are nervous they fidget

2) While giving speeches people commonly say like or um a lot.

3) that you stand facing towards the door in an elevator

4) tone of voice counts more than words

5)to show respect for others in higher power

6) how to navigate conflict

7) how to act in different social settings

8) a lot of people automatically turn to their phone to kill time

9) how to act at a table

10) language

11) to write and have handwriting

12) vowels and pronunciation

13) how to play games

14)baking/cooking

15) what is girly and what is not

Section 2:

ngajdova7478 — 2024-11-25 02:55:54 UTC

Operant conditioning: A girl couldn’t keep her room clean and every time she cleaned it she got it messy within the first day. her parents thought the messy room was bad for her and decided that they would continously reinforce her with cash for every week she consistently kept her room clean. the broke daughter desperately wanted money so every day she made sure her room was tidy and eventually started to keep organized. her parents were shaping her into consistent cleanliness.

experiment 2: A boy had bad grades and had no motivation to get them up. his parents tried to take his allowance and say he’d earn it back with every grade he got up to an 80% or higher. slowly the boy got each one up to at least a B and his parent gradually rewarded his allowance back on the condition that they didn’t go back down. they kept this going until he graduated to prevent extinction

Section 5

ngajdova7478 — 2024-11-25 03:07:14 UTC

Positive reinforcement- getting money for good grades

Negative reinforcement - getting un-punished if you do all your chores.

positive reinforcement- getting to get a snack at the store if you clean your room.

negative punishment- getting a game console taken away if you misbehave

positive punishment- when you are loud during class so the teacher moves you and gives you extra homework.

SECTION 3

ngajdova7478 — 2024-11-25 03:41:40 UTC

Feeding a dog with a bell sound is classical conditioning. the food created saliva which is a unconditioned response then when a bell sound is added (neutral stimulus) over time the food which was the unconditioned stimulus turns into a conditioned stimulus after its associated with food. then the dog creates saliva at the sound of the bell (conditioned response)

Having anxiety at the doctors is classical conditioning. when you hear a loud noise such as a tool or a drill (unconditioned stimulus) you could have an unconditioned response of being anxious. a neutral stimulus would be in the waiting room waiting for your turn. so then the next time you’re at the hospital and in the waiting room (conditioned stimulus) you would be nervous even without hearing the doctors. (conditioned response)

being hungry when a lunch bell rings is classical conditioning.

The bell ringing is the US and having an empty stomach/ hunger is the (NS) then you eat food. (UR) then as time goes on you recognize that the bell means it’s lunch (CS) now whenever you hear the bell your stomach recognizes its time to eat and you feel hungry. (CR

Conclusion

ngajdova7478 — 2024-11-25 03:47:13 UTC

Learning theory is important for everyday life because it’s how we learn to understand and behave in society. it’s the makeup of how we behave and function. we perceive the world differently and everyday the things we do, hear, see, and sense effect us through learning theory. without it we wouldn’t have a accurate understanding of why things happen. learning theory gives us clarity on how we develop and grow.

section 6

ngajdova7478 — 2024-11-25 03:59:05 UTC

The article I read about was an about attendance in class. One test group made attendance counting twords their grade mandatory and if they missed more than three classes, they would have 3% subtracted from their grade and if they missed under three classes, they would have 3% added to their final grade. the second group had this optional. students could choose if they wanted to add Attendance towards their grade. results Showed that 90% of students chose to have attendance a portion of their grade. The study showed that students that were assigned to the optional condition were more likely to attend class then those mandatory attendance. this is an example of over justification because students already attend class but if they feel like they get rewarded along with it they are more likely to attend then if it’s already mandatory.