They are 2 chains of densely forested islands. The Andamans are bigger in size. The entire Island group is divided into 2 broad categories: The Andaman in North and The Nicobars in South. This is believed that this islands are elevated portion of Submarine Mountains. The Southern most tip of these Islands(Indira Point) is more south than Indian mainland. India's only active volcano is found on Barren Island in The Andaman And Nicobar Islands.

• Roughly triangular in shape with its base coinciding with the southern edge of the great plain of North India. Apex of the triangular plateau is at Kanyakumari.
• It covers a total area of about 16 lakh square km (India as a whole is 32 lakh square km).
• The average height of the plateau is 600-900 m above sea level (varies from region to region).
• Most of the peninsular rivers flow west to east indicating it’s general slope.
• Narmada-Tapti are the exceptions which flow from east to west in a rift (rift is caused by divergent boundary (Go back to Interaction of plates).
• The Peninsular Plateau is a one of the oldest landforms of earth.
• It is a highly stable block composed mostly of the Archaean gneisses and schists {Rock System}.
• It has been a stable shield which has gone through little structural changes since its formation.
• Since few hundred million years, Peninsular block has been a land area and has never been submerged beneath the sea except in a few places.
• Peninsular Plateau is an aggregation of several smaller plateaus, hill ranges interspersed with river basins and valleys.

1. The northern-most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
2. The folds of the Great Himalayas are asymmetrical in nature. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite.
3. The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged mountain system and is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya.
4. Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range.
5. The outermost range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments.
6. The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns. DehraDun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are some of the well-known Duns.

1. The part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east, respectively.
2. The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas.
3. The Kali and Teesta rivers divide the Nepal Himalayas and the part lying between Teesta and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.
4. The Brahmaputra marks the eastern-most boundary of the Himalayas.
5. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply to the south and spread along the eastern boundary of India, which is known as the Purvachal or the Eastern hills and mountains. The Purvachal comprises the Patkai hills, the Naga hills, the Manipur hills and the Mizo hills.

1. They are the largest alluvial plains in the world formed by the deposition of silt by the major rivers of the plain. 
2. The rivers are navigable and have water in them throughout the year. 
3. Flatland helps in the construction of roads and railways.
4. Irrigation facilities have made the plains the largest wheat-growing area.
5.  A number of H.E.P. Projects have been constructed which have helped in irrigation and generation of power.
                                                    Fact no.3 -> The Indo-Gangetic Plain is divided into two drainage basins by the Delhi Ridge; the western part drains to the Indus, and the eastern part consists of the Ganga–Brahmaputra drainage systems. This divide is only 350 meters above sea level, causing the perception that the Indo-Gangetic Plain appears to be continuous from Sindh in the west to Bengal and Assam in the east. 
   
   

• After Sikkim, Lakshadweep is the next smallest populated place in India
• Lakshadweep is India’s smallest Union Territory.
• The Kavaratti is the capital of the Union Territory Lakshadweep in India
• Lakshadweep is an archipelago of 36 islands, scattered over approximately 78,000 square km of the Arabian Sea, 200-440 km off the south-western coast of India
• The population in this island is approximately 65,000

• Port Blair is the capital of Andaman Nicobar Islands.
• Famous for the popular cellular jail
• Port Blair has a tropical monsoon climate
• Most common religion is Hinduism followed by Christianity and Islam
• Bengali is the most common language. Hindi, Tamil and Telugu are other languages spoken by the people
• Tourism is the main leading economy.

• Area coverage of 77,000 square km.
• Comprises of aeolian wind deposits
• Witnessed the run of Kachchh to its south
• Indus River flows west to the desert
• Dry climate and alluvial deposits
• Low vegetation cover
• Sand dunes with an elevation of 150 m
• Composed of Metamorphic Rocks
• Short seasonal streams originating from Aravallis
• Oasis in its southern part

• Desert soil
• Red desertic soil
• Sierozems (brownish-gray soil)
• Red and yellow soils
• Saline soils
• Lithosols (shallow weathered soils)
• Regosols (soft loose soils)

• Drought-resistant scrub trees like khajri and proposis
• Animals like blackbucks, gazelle, and partridges
• Migratory birds such as ducks, geese, and grouse

• The Greater Himalayas or the Himadri, with average peaks reaching up to 6000 meters above the sea-level.
• The Lesser Himalayas with average peaks rising as high as 4000 meters
• The Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range
• The Eastern Hills or the Purvanchal covering North Bengal, and northernmost parts of the North Eastern states.

• The Punjab Plains- The Indus River and its tributaries lead to the formation of these vast plains, a major part of which now lies in Pakistan
• The Ganga Plains- This spreads across the states of North India, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Delhi and West Bengal.
• The Brahmaputra Plains- This covers major parts of Assam and the other North Eastern States

• The Central Highlands – lying on the north of the Narmada River and covering a large part of the Malwa Plateau.
• The Deccan Plateau- a triangular landmass lying on the south of the Narmada River. The Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats border the Deccan plateau on its eastern and western sides respectively. While the Satpura mountain ranges stand on its northern part, the Western Ghats have higher elevation with a maximum height of 1600 meters. On the other hand, the Eastern Ghats reach to a maximum of 600 meters in height.

• The Konkan Coast- covering coastal Maharashtra and Goa
• The Kannada Plains- covering coasts of Karnataka
• The Malabar Coast- covering Kerala

• The Northern Circar
• The Coromandel Coast

• The Lakshadweep, which lies closer to the Malabar Coast. And, these consist of clusters of coral islands collectively named Lakshadweep.
• The Andaman & Nicobar Islands which are off the Bay of Bengal and lie on the Indian Ocean. These group of islands are larger in size than their western counterparts and have rich biodiversity. Because the Andaman & Nicobar islands are closer to the equator, the region also experiences equatorial climate.

• The Thar Desert is located to the north-west of the Aravallis, in western Rajasthan with certain parts in Punjab and Sindh. A concrete and arid land of mass, the desert came into existence in the Pleistocene age.
  
  Moreover, known by names like Marustali (the dead land) and Bagar, the desert features:
  
  
  • Area coverage of 77,000 square km.
  • Comprises of aeolian wind deposits
  • Witnessed the run of Kachchh to its south
  • Indus River flows west to the desert
  • Dry climate and alluvial deposits
  • Low vegetation cover
  • Sand dunes with an elevation of 150 m
  • Composed of Metamorphic Rocks
  • Short seasonal streams originating from Aravallis
  • Oasis in its southern part
• Originally a part of the Peninsular plateau, but it still looks like a dry piece of unprotected and unpopulated land.
  
  
  During the ancient era, most of the desert area lay submerged under the sea. However, this region got uplifted due to heavy deposits of wood fossils some 180 million years back.
  
  More to this, there was a time when this region was fertile for growing food and cash crops. The presence of a dry river bed, especially of the river Saraswati validates this fact.
  
  LAND
  
  Composed of sedimentary (2.5 billion 50 540 million years old) and metamorphic (4 billion to 2.5 million years old) rocks, the great Indian desert has aeolian sand deposits as old as 1.8 million years ago.
  
  Having an undulated surface, the desert land witnesses sand dunes moving in considerable shapes and sizes. The average elevation of these dunes remains 150 cm over the surface area. These dunes are also referred to by the name of dhands spread widely throughout the region.
  
  CLIMATE OF DESERT. 
  
  The Thar Desert experiences a subtropical desert climate and high pressure. However, the monsoon winds in the southwest bring rainfall in the summer seasons.
  
  But still, this arid region receives a low annual rainfall (4-20 inches) as compared to the other parts of India. Also, July to September feature as the likely monsoon months for the Indian desert.
  
  The coldest month of the year is January while May and June are the hottest.
  
  In short, the average temperature in the desert ranges between 75-70 degrees Celsius in summers and 39-50 degrees Celsius in winters.
  
  SOIL IN DESERT
  
  The Thar Desert comprises of different divisions of soil such as:
  
  
  • Desert soil
  • Red desertic soil
  • Sierozems (brownish-gray soil)
  • Red and yellow soils
  • Saline soils
  • Lithosols (shallow weathered soils)
  • Regosols (soft loose soils)
• Additionally, all the aforementioned soils are predominantly coarse, well-drained, and intense in calcium and lime. However, these soils are infertile and easily vulnerable to erosion due to overblown sands.