Phelps M01 Special Education Timeline by

1965: ESEA

mphelps57 — 2024-03-24 19:51:36 UTC

On April 11th, 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was officially signed and made law by President Lyndon Johnson. This law funds education in this country, and also demands high standards. The intent was to make high-quality education financially accessible for everyone. It also included funding for free and reduced-cost lunch programs. Amendments were later introduced which improved the protections of this law, including one known as Title III, in 1966. Title III specifically provided funding for special education, allowing poorer families with disabled children to have similar educational opportunities. Another amendment in 1968 paved the way for the EHA in 1975.

Paul, C. A. (n.d.). Elementary and secondary education act of 1965. Virginia Commonwealth University. Retrieved March 24, 2024, from https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/

2015: ESSA

mphelps57 — 2024-03-24 19:53:53 UTC

On December 10th, 2015, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) was officially signed and made law by President Barack Obama. It's a huge bill that actually replaced NCLBA. It's supposed to improve on the things that NCLBA didn't do so well. Of course, the law's main purpose is to ensure that all children get a high-quality education, including students with disabilities. It puts states in charge of creating plans which they must follow, including plans for improving struggling schools, school accountability, standardized testing, and more. It also funds literacy programs, like NCLBA did. Each school is held accountable for how their students perform, much like NCLBA.

Lee, A. (n.d.). What is the every student succeeds act (ESSA)? Understood. Retrieved March 24, 2024, from https://www.understood.org/en/articles/every-student-succeeds-act-essa-what-you-need-to-know

1990: IDEA

mphelps57 — 2024-03-24 19:56:59 UTC

On October 30th, 1990, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was officially signed and made law by President George H. W. Bush. This was a really big step for progressive legislation. Under this new law, schools are required to use the previous ideas of LRE, IEP, and free and appropriate public education. Not only that, though, but to specifically search for children who may have disabilities and offer them special education services as well. It cements the rights of parents and children with disabilities, and furthers their legal protections.

Lee, A. (n.d.). What is the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)? (M. Mandlawitz, Ed.). Understood. Retrieved March 24, 2024, from https://www.understood.org/en/articles/individuals-with-disabilities-education-act-idea-what-you-need-to-know

2002: NCLBA

mphelps57 — 2024-03-24 21:01:38 UTC

On January 8th, 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB, NCLBA) was officially signed and made law by President George W. Bush. This law mandated early intervention reading programs and increased accountability and pressure on schools. Additionally, it raised standards for educators and schools, and allowed students to choose to attend another school if theirs was not meeting these NCLB standards. This pressure is considered a bad thing by some, but like the other laws I've covered, ultimately increases the rights and protections for students with disabilities.

Klein, A. (2015, April 10). No child left behind: An overview. EducationWeek. Retrieved March 24, 2024, from https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/no-child-left-behind-an-overview/2015/04

1975: EHA

mphelps57 — 2024-03-24 21:07:11 UTC

On November 29, 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA, EHA) was officially signed and made law by President Gerald Ford. This law defined least-restrictive environment (LRE), individualized education programs, and mandated 'free and appropriate' public education for students with disabilities. These aspects gave families more agency over their children's education, and boosted students' quality of life within the education system.

100 milestones of physical therapy. (n.d.). American Physical Therapy Association. Retrieved March 24, 2024, from https://timeline.apta.org/centennial-timeline/