https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao “Walls in the mind often stand longer than those built of concrete blocks.” - Willy Brandt en-us 2023-05-23 17:43:59 UTC 2025-11-13 12:03:28 UTC hello@padlet.com yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602058544 On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China. The communist victory created a radical shift in the Cold War. China became the largest socialist state by population, and a third force in the Cold War.]]> 2023-05-23 17:47:26 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602058544 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602064849 On August 28, 1963, 250,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. It focuses on jobs and freedom and seeks to raise awareness of African Americans' continuing challenges and inequalities. Also, the Martin Luther King speech "I Have a Dream."]]> 2023-05-23 17:53:15 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602064849 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602065710  The purpose of that Berlin Wall was to prevent, and in particular hinder, those who call themselves the West German fascists from moving into East Germany undermining the Socialist state; however, it had primarily been aimed at reining in a mass defector movement between eastern and west.]]> 2023-05-23 17:53:58 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602065710 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602066258  The Stonewall Riot occurred on June 28, 1969, during a police crackdown on the Stonewall Inn, a bar in Greenwich Village, New York. On June 28, 1969, a group of gay people spontaneously staged a demonstration in Stonewall in response to a police raid on the site.  It began to start becasue of a series of spontaneous protests by members of the gay community in response to a police raid]]> 2023-05-23 17:54:24 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602066258 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602066734  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was one of the landmark acts of civil rights legislation in the United States, outlawing major discrimination against women against race, ethnicity, national origin, and religious minorities. In schools, workplaces and facilities, this law stopped the application of separate registration requirements for voters and racial segregation.]]> 2023-05-23 17:54:47 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602066734 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602080250 The former British prime minister Winston Churchill delivered a speech that declared that an Iron Curtain has descended across the European continent. He stressed that the US and Britain needed to act as guardians of peace and stability against Soviet communism. This speech increased the tension between the US and the Soviet Union.]]> 2023-05-23 18:05:36 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602080250 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602112425  The Korean War began on 25 June 1950 and ended on 27 July 1953. The war began when North Korean communists crossed the 38th parallel. After the signing of the armistice, they agreed that the country would remain divided.

]]> 2023-05-23 18:33:15 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2602112425 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603661315 On January 22, 1973, the Supreme Court struck down Texas' criminal ban on abortion and held that the right to abortion is a “fundamental right".  Roe held the specific guarantee of “liberty” in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which protects individual privacy, includes the right to abortion prior to fetal viability.   ]]> 2023-05-24 18:14:49 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603661315 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603666978 The occupation of Alcatraz was from November 20, 1969, to June 11, 1971. 89 Native Americans took over and held Alcatraz island as an Indian island. They protested against the United States government's policies that took aboriginal land away from American Indians and aimed to destroy their cultures.]]> 2023-05-24 18:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603666978 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603671641 Sputnik I, a Soviet-built satellite, was first sent into orbit in October 1957. Sputnik II was launched a month after it. The two satellites' launches signaled the start of a high-stakes competition between the US and the USSR that had consequences for national security.]]> 2023-05-24 18:24:53 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603671641 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603673319  The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful April 1961 attack by US forces and southern Cuba by 1,400 US-trained Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro's revolutionary Cuban government. Since 1960, this invasion has been planned and funded by the United States government.]]> 2023-05-24 18:26:33 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603673319 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603677739 The Watergate scandal was a political scandal involving the administration of president Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974, which led to Nixon's resignation.  On June 17, 1972, Nixon was revealed following the arrest of five burglars at Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate office-apartment-hotel complex in Washington, D.C.]]> 2023-05-24 18:31:07 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603677739 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603682084  In 1961, the freedom riders were civil rights activists who traveled to segregated Southern America on interstate buses.]]> 2023-05-24 18:35:28 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603682084 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603687302 United Farm Workers, UFW, is a labor union founded in 1962 by the labor leaders and activists Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta. In 1956, the union sponsored a strike by California grape pickers and a national boycott of California grapes, which gave farmworkers a higher minimum wage and other benefits. The union seeks to empower migrant farmworkers and to improve their wages and working conditions. ]]> 2023-05-24 18:40:33 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603687302 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603688860  Publication of the Feminine Mystique is a book written by Betty Friedan in 1963. It's a book that illustrates the liberal camp in the Second Generation Feminism movement.  Friedan's book has been credited with sparking the second wave of feminism, which has inspired many political and social activists, by focusing women's attention on the broad social context of their problems.]]> 2023-05-24 18:42:06 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603688860 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603691153  The Cuban Missile Crisis began on October 14, 1962, when a US spy Lockheed U-2 photographed a Soviet SS-4 semi-intermediate-range ballistic missile base under construction in Cuba and a photo of a ship carrying parts to a construction site. This is about a confrontation that began while the film was being made between the USA and Soviet Union.]]> 2023-05-24 18:44:36 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603691153 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603693410  Nixon announced the resignation of his presidency in response to the Watergate scandal during a speech at the White House from August 8th, 1974.]]> 2023-05-24 18:46:47 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603693410 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603694364 The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. Its purpose is to maintain international peace and security. The Security Council’s five permanent members are China, France, the Soviet Union (whose seat and membership were assumed by Russia in 1991), the United Kingdom, and the United States.]]> 2023-05-24 18:47:48 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603694364 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603695919  The Court ruled that the division of school children by race was unconstitutional. The Brown v. Board of Education trial is a groundbreaking decision by the US Supreme Court. The case ruled that a state law that barred whites and people of color from attending public schools in the 17 southern states at the time was illegal.]]> 2023-05-24 18:49:26 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603695919 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603756817  On August 6, 1965, President Lyndon Johnson ratified this statute. It prohibited the discriminatory voting practices implemented in several southern states following the Civil War, such as the requirement of passing literacy tests in order to cast a ballot.]]> 2023-05-24 20:02:41 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2603756817 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609567412 President Truman signed the Economic Recovery Act of 1948, on April 3, 1948. It became known as the Marshall Plan, named for Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe.]]> 2023-05-30 20:28:28 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609567412 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609570171 Assassination of John F. Kennedy, mortal shooting of John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, as he rode in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. His accused killer was Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine who had embraced Marxism and defected for a time to the Soviet Union. ]]> 2023-05-30 20:31:44 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609570171 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609571653 The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was created on January 10-11, 1957, when sixty black ministers and civil rights leaders met in Atlanta, Georgia in an effort to replicate the successful strategy and tactics of the recently concluded Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.]]> 2023-05-30 20:34:04 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609571653 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609573492 Title IX of the Civil Rights Act was signed into law on June 23, 1972 by President Richard M. Title IX provides: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.]]> 2023-05-30 20:36:58 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609573492 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609575220 On 4 April 1949, the foreign ministers from 12 countries signed the North Atlantic Treaty at the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, D.C.: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States. Its purpose was to secure peace in Europe, to promote cooperation among its members and to guard their freedom.]]> 2023-05-30 20:39:36 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609575220 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609576609 In late January, 1968, during the lunar new year (or “Tet”) holiday, North Vietnamese and communist Viet Cong forces launched a coordinated attack against a number of targets in South Vietnam. The U.S. and South Vietnamese militaries sustained heavy losses before finally repelling the communist assault.]]> 2023-05-30 20:41:55 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609576609 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609580669 Suez Crisis is an international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests. The Suez Crisis was provoked by an American and British decision not to finance Egypt’s construction of the Aswan High Dam, as they had promised, in response to Egypt’s growing ties with communist Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union.]]> 2023-05-30 20:48:27 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609580669 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609584142 The Berlin Blockade was an attempt in 1948 by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of the United States, Great Britain and France to travel to their respective sectors of the city of Berlin, which lay entirely inside Russian-occupied East Germany.  As the blockade started, some 2.5 million civilians had no access to food, medicine, fuel, electricity and other basic goods. Western powers began an airlift that lasted nearly a year and delivered vital supplies and relief to West Berlin.]]> 2023-05-30 20:54:02 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609584142 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609591905 Beginning in the late 1950s, space became another dramatic arena for this competition, as each side sought to prove the superiority of its technology, its military firepower and–by extension–its political-economic system. By landing on the moon, the United States effectively “won” the space race that had begun with Sputnik’s launch in 1957. ]]> 2023-05-30 21:07:27 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2609591905 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610669929 Berlin crisis of 1961, Cold War conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States concerning the status of the divided German city of Berlin. It culminated in the construction of the Berlin Wall in August 1961.]]> 2023-05-31 15:20:06 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610669929 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610672984 Cuban Revolution, armed uprising in Cuba that overthrew the government of Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959. The revolution’s leader, Fidel Castro, went on to rule Cuba from 1959 to 2008.]]> 2023-05-31 15:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610672984 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610677644 Yalta Conference, major World War II conference of the three chief Allied leaders—Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union—which met at Yalta in Crimea to plan the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany.]]> 2023-05-31 15:26:12 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610677644 yshang12 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610681616 Prague Spring, brief period of economic and political liberalization in Czechoslovakia under Alexander Dubček that began in January 1968 and effectively ended on August 20, 1968, when Soviet forces invaded the country.]]> 2023-05-31 15:30:11 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2610681616 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611402424 African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, boycotted city buses as part of a civil rights demonstration in order to denounce segregated seating. The boycott, which ran from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, is recognized as the country's first significant anti-segregation protest.]]> 2023-06-01 05:37:51 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611402424 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611404437 The Vietnam War, which lasted from 1955 to 1975, was a protracted battle between the governments of South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States, and the communist government of North Vietnam and its partners in South Vietnam, known as the Viet Cong.]]> 2023-06-01 05:40:20 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611404437 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611415984 On July 6, 1965, the 25th Amendment was ratified by Congress. By February 10, 1967, all the states had ratified the amendment, and President Lyndon Johnson certified it on February 23, 1967. The Vice President will take over if the President is removed from office, dies, or resigns. ]]> 2023-06-01 05:54:05 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611415984 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611419121 The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, sometimes known as Taft-Hartley after its supporters, overrode President Truman's veto to enact the Wagner Act's first significant revisions. The statute also prohibited unions from making political contributions and demanded affidavits from union executives stating they were not Communists, both of which have since been eliminated. ]]> 2023-06-01 05:57:25 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611419121 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611421097 A hydrogen bomb was detonated on the Pacific island of Eniwetok by the United States in 1952. In addition to destroying the island, the explosion produced a three-mile-wide mushroom cloud. A new phase in the weapons race began with the test's success.


]]> 2023-06-01 05:59:31 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611421097 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611424682 In 1956, the Federal Highway Act was passed by Congress, funding $32 billion to construct 41,000 miles of interstate highways. Highways were crucial for the US military's broad transportation network and Americans' growing reliance on autos as a national defense.


]]> 2023-06-01 06:03:53 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611424682 mkim_2024 https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611429564 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was founded under the National Aeronautics and Space Act. Promoting manned space flight was the agency's primary goal.]]> 2023-06-01 06:09:08 UTC https://padlet.com/yshang12/ic6kikc0brukfhao/wish/2611429564