2. Merchants - traded goods locally and along the Silk Road.

3. Artisans and craftsmen-made tools, weapons, pottery, silk, and paper.

4. Soldiers-protected the empire and expanded territory.

5. Scholars and officials - worked in government, often selected through exams.

6. Laborers and slaves - worked on public projects like roads and canals.

2. Northern Vietnam

3. Central Asia - through military campaigns and control of the Silk Road

4. Southern China - integrating various local tribes and regions

These conquests helped expand trade, influence, and cultural exchange.

2. Luoyang-became the capital during the Eastern Han period.

Both were important hubs of administration, trade, and culture