• climate-related hazards in all countries

• integrating climate change measures into national policies strategies and planning

• improving education, awareness-raising and institutional capacity with respect to climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning."

In short, this SDG goal is all about taking urgent actions to combat climate change and its impacts.

13.1 - Strengthen Resilience and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Related Disasters

13.2 - Integrate Climate Change Measures into Policies and Planning

13.3 - Build Knowledge and Capacity to Meet Climate Change

13.4 - Implement the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

13.5 - Promote Mechanisms to Raise Capacity for Planning and Management

1. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), " This year, 2024 is said to be the warmest year on record after an extended streak of exceptionally high monthly global mean temperatures ". This further led to increased temperature, greenhouse gases, high heat content of the ocean, rise of the sea level and glacier loss.

2. The health crisis. One of the causes is the fossil fuels. Our global dependence on fossil fuels is driving the climate crisis. The fossil fuel industry is the biggest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions which are dangerously heating the planet and worsening the climate crisis. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas are responsible for over 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions globally.

At Malaysia ;

3. Flooding and infrastructure damage. Heavy rainfall has led to flooding, disrupting agriculture and infrastructure. " In Dec 13, Malaysia's palm oil production is set to fall for the fourth consecutive month in December as heavy rainfall hit harvesting in the world's second-largest producer of the tropical oil, " the industry regulator told Reuters on Friday.

1. Recycle - We can recycle and reuse the paper, glass, plastic, metal and old electronics

2. Compost - While recycling nutrients, composting the food scraps and waste can reduce the impact to the climate.

3. Use other transport alternative - Bike, walk, or even public transport could be used. Save the car trips when we got a big group.

4. Consume less meat - While this may be a bit controversial, the meat industry does give a huge impact on the environment.

5. Reduce the usage of paper - Avoid printing, substitute it with electronic devices.

The historic Paris Agreement provides an opportunity for countries to enhance the global response to the threat of climate change. It succeed by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celcius. This agreement also made to pursue the efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celcius. It entered into force on 4 Nov 2016. Big number of countries signed on this agreement. It gave a positive impact to the climate.

COP26 : Glasgow 2021

The UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26) brought together 120 world leaders and over 40,000 registered participants, including 22,274 party delegates, 14,124 observes and 3,886 media representatives. For two weeks, the world was riveted on all facets of climate change - the science, the solutions, the political will to act, and clear indications of action.

The outcome - the product of intense negotiations among almost 200 countries over the two weeks, strenuous formal and informal work over many months, and constant engagement both in-person and virtually for nearly two years.

COP24 : Katowice 2018

At the end of COP24, countries stressed "the urgency of enhanced ambition in order to ensure the highest possible mitigation and adaptation efforts by all Parties," and agreed on a set of guidelines for implementing the landmark 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement.

It is very important that the current governments must take immediate action to minimize the impacts of climate action. After all, we can not fully avoid it, instead we try to combat the climate change in a small way to ensure the safety of everyone. For instance, we can take the Paris Agreement as the guidance to specify the targets we wanted to fight this climate change.

Finally, every individual is highly encouraged to contribute in this SDG such as implementing the eco-friendly habits into our life. A significant change comes from small action. We must envision a sustainable future where humanity lives in harmony with nature. At last, this is the gift and Amanah from Allah SWT for us to take care, instead of destroying it.

InsyaAllah.