Homeostasis and excretion - 11 Cambridge by wiji setyo utami https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq en-us 2023-01-12 02:18:55 UTC 2026-01-11 08:46:57 UTC hello@padlet.com Ahnaf https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441867618 If we in a low temperature, we will not sweating. But if we in a high temperature, we will sweating.]]> 2023-01-12 06:59:36 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441867618 ~~Aziz H. 🤣~~ https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441870002 The relationship among temperature, water potential, and concentration of glucose:

All of the homeostasis is controlled by 2 mechanisms called negative feedback and positive feedback

1. Temperature, as a temperature increase in human body, the body will sweating in order to decrease the temperature into optimal human temperature (about 37 °C), and when the temperature decrease, we will shivering and make the heartbeats goe higher therefore will make the temperature increase in to optimal temperature

2. Water potential, the water potential is effected by concentration of solutes and water pressure, if the concentration of solute is higher, it will make the water potential goes lower and if the water pressure is higher, it will make the water potential goes higher. This happen in nephrons in kidneys. With negative feedback, when the water potential is lower than the optimal form, the body will reduce the concentration of solute or will increase the water pressure inside human body to make the water potential goes higher

3. Concentration of glucose, this happen in langerhans islets from the liver cells, when the concentration of glucose is higher, it will make the body to produce insulin to reduce the glucose concentration. And when the concentration of glucose is lower, the body will produce glucagon to increase the concentration of glucose. This all happen into optimal situation of concentration of glucose. ]]> 2023-01-12 07:02:29 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441870002 Ptr https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441870530 the relationship between the two things is interrelated. due to the influence of water potential, temperature, glucose concentration affects the balance in terms of nutritional needs, instincts and signals the body's habits to adapt to adjust to the surrounding environment. For example, low temperatures slow down metabolic reactions, and if high temperatures proteins don't function.]]> 2023-01-12 07:03:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441870530 Diandra.S https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441879498 Temperature: while in a cold condition the body will try to remain its body temperature by narrowing its blood vessels and reducing the amount of blood flow to the skin this process is called vasoconstriction. 
Blood vessels constriction increase the amount of blood flow to increase. 
To maintain its blood preassure the kidney will try to filter the excessive amount of fluid from the blood, when the bladder is full of fluid it will signal the body to urinate



]]> 2023-01-12 07:15:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441879498 Relationship between Temperature, Water Potential, and Concentration of Glucose in Internal Environment https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441881668 Temperature:
-If the temperature is low, metabolic system will be slow down
-If the temperature is high, protein can't function properly

Water potential:
-If Water potential decreases, metabolic system may be stop
-if the water potential increases, water may enter the cell causing it to swell and maybe burst

Concentration of Glucose:
-Glucose is the fuel for respiration, so lack of it causes respiration to slow or stop, depriving the cell of an energy source
-Too much glucose may cause water to move out of the cell by osmosis, again disturbing the metabolism of the cell


]]> 2023-01-12 07:17:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441881668 Putra https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441886274 Temperature:
-Low temperature Slows down the body's metabolic system
-High temperature protein can't function properly 

Water potential:
-If Water potential decreases, metabolic system may be stop
-If Water potential increases, water may enter the cell causing sweat

Concentration of Glucose:
-If Concentration of Glucose is lack, it will causes respiration to stop
-If Concentration of Glucose is much, it will cause water to move out of the cell]]> 2023-01-12 07:23:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2441886274 Irfan rabbani https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443234710 The internal environment of an organism = conditions inside the body in which the cells function. A cell's immediate environment is the tissue fluid that surrounds it. Many features of the tissue fluid influence how well the cell functions. 

- Temperature:
  • low temperatures slow down metabolic reactions;
  • at high temperatures proteins, including enzymes, are denatured and cannot function
- Water potential:
  • if the water potential decreases,  water may move out of cells by osmosis, causing metabolic reactions in the cell to slow or stop; 
  • if the water potential increases, water may enter the cell causing it to swell and maybe burst
- Concentration of glucose
  • glucose is the fuel for respiration, so lack of it causes respiration to slow or stop, depriving the cell of an energy source; 
  • too much glucose may cause water to move out of the cell by osmosis, again disturbing the metabolism of the cell
]]> 2023-01-13 07:03:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443234710 goldn.sam https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443234789 1. Temperature :
humans are warm-blooded creatures, Normal human body temperature is between 36.1°C to 37.2°C. Lower or higher than this temperature can be dangerous for human body. But if we are in a place that is hotter or colder than the normal temperature, our body will automatically maintain body temperature with homeostasis. for example, when we are in a very cold place, the body will tremble, the goal is for the muscles to move and produce more heat, the hair all over the body gets goosebumps, the goal is to block more air from entering the skin and increase hormones that act to increase heat production. Then if we are in a very hot place then our body will sweat so that the evaporation of sweat from the skin helps the body to cool off, the skin pores open so that heat can be released by the body and the heart beats fast so that blood flow to the skin increases thus accelerating heat dissipation outside the body.

2. Water Potential :
The control of the water potential of body fluids is known as osmoregulation. Specialised sensory neurones, known as osmoreceptors, monitor the water potential of the blood (these osmoreceptors are found in an area of the brain known as the hypothalamus). If the osmoreceptors detect a decrease in the water potential of the blood, nerve impulses are sent along these sensory neurones to the posterior pituitary gland (another part of the brain just below the hypothalamus). These nerve impulses stimulate the posterior pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH molecules enter the blood and travel throughout the body. ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water
This reduces the loss of water in the urine. for example when in summer we drink a lot of water and sweat, but we urinate little, whereas in winter we urinate a lot because we don't sweat

3. Concentration of Glucose :
The balance of insulin and glucagon to maintain blood glucose. Thus maintaining adequate glucose levels in the blood are necessary for survival. On the other hand, inappropriate levels of glucose in the blood are a primary symptom of diabetes. The pancreas represents a key player by secreting the blood sugar-lowering hormone insulin and its opponent glucagon. Glucagon thus has a counterregulatory effect on glucose levels in the blood relative to insulin. Not only that, glucose homeostasis is dependent on hormonal control, most notably through the actions of insulin and glucagon but also adrenalin, cortisol, and estrogens. For the resume if the blood has too much glucose, the insulin hormone will convert it into glycogen, whereas if the blood has too much glycogen, the glucogen hormone will convert it into glucose. Insulin and glucogen are produced by the pancreas.

]]> 2023-01-13 07:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443234789 Water potential Jordan https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443237210 Prevention of hyperthermia, because evaporative cooling is the most efficient means of dissipating excess body heat. Water homeostasis is achieved by regulation of water intake and water loss by the kidneys.]]> 2023-01-13 07:07:15 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443237210 DEVT https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443239111 Temperature

Enzymes will only function properly under a small range of certain conditions, such as preferred pH and temperature. If any conditions are outside their specific range then the enzymes cannot function. This could cause the organism to die.

When bear hibernate, if the temperature become more cold than preferred the body start to burn fat for energy and because of that the temperature is rising


Water potential

The control of the water potential of body fluids is known as osmoregulation. Osmoregulation is a key part of homeostasis. Specialised sensory neurones, known as osmoreceptors, monitor the water potential of the blood (these osmoreceptors are found in an area of the brain known as the hypothalamus)


Concentration of glucose

Homeostasis affect blood glucose levels

Together, insulin and glucagon help maintain homeostasis, where conditions inside the body hold steady. When a person's blood sugar is too high, their pancreas secretes more insulin. When their blood sugar levels drop, their pancreas releases glucagon to raise them.


]]> 2023-01-13 07:10:07 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443239111 Faris Putra https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443241700  Temperatures=
not ideal temperature cause the body to be weak so that the homeostasis process is disrupted
Water Potential=
Disturbed water potential causes the body to sweat but only slightly, disrupting the excretion system so that the homeostatic process is also disturbed
Glucose=
Low glucose causes the body to have difficulty filtering glucose so that the body becomes easily infected with diabetes, disrupting the homeostasis process]]> 2023-01-13 07:13:24 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443241700 Dhafin https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443255198 *Temperature : The degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity).

*Water Potential : as the potential energy of water in the system to pure water when the pressure and temperature are held constant. The ability of water molecules to flow freely inside a given environment or system can also be measured using water potential.

*Concentration of glucose : The concentrations of glucose are from 0.05 to 0.20 wt%. The concentrations of albumin in water are from 1.0 to 5.0 wt%. The standard level of albumin in human blood ranges from 4.0 to 5.0 wt% and the normal level of postprandial blood glucose is under 0.14 wt%.]]> 2023-01-13 07:30:19 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443255198 DEVT https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443270981 Feedback loop

Homeostasis is often achieved in the body through the use of feedback loops that regulate the body's internal circumstances. 

A feedback loop is a system that uses an identified receptor (sensor), the control center (integrator or comparator), effectors, and communication means to control the level of a variable.]]> 2023-01-13 07:50:48 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443270981 rafbrsz https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443275840 Feedback Loop :

A feedback loop is a biological occurrence wherein the output of a system amplifies the system (positive feedback) or inhibits the system (negative feedback). Feedback loops are important because they allow living organisms to maintain homeostasis. For example if in a very hot place our brain as the control center stimulates our body to homeostasis stabilize body temperature, one of the effects is that we sweat to speed up evaporation in order to remove heat from the body.]]> 2023-01-13 07:56:28 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2443275840 Irfan Rabbani https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2446397455
A feedback loop is the part of a system in which some portion (or all) of the system's output is used as input for future operations. Each feedback loop has a minimum of four stages. During the first stage, input is created. During the second stage, input is captured and stored. During the third stage, input is analyzed and during the fourth stage, the insight gained from analysis is used to make decisions.


Feedback loops can be either negative or positive. Negative feedback loops are self-regulating and useful for and maintaining an optimal state within specific boundaries. An old-fashioned house thermostat that uses bang bang control to turn a furnace on or off is a classic example of a self-regulating negative feedback loop. When the temperature drops to a predetermined low set point, the thermostat switches the heating system on. When the temperature reaches a predetermined high set point, the thermostat switches the heating system off. 


Negative feedback loops are known for being stable, but not especially accurate. For example, in the case of a home thermostat, there can be a fairly wide range of acceptable temperatures that can cause the heating system to have a fairly long response time.


In contrast, positive feedback loops simply repeat actions that have been effective in the past. The intention of a positive feedback loop is to amplify a desired variable and naturally move the system away from its starting state to a desired state. Problems can occur, however, when the positive feedback loop grows exponentially without any checks or balances. In such a scenario, a runaway positive feedback loop can make a system become unstable.




]]> 2023-01-17 06:27:44 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2446397455 Fath nabil https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447791160 A positive feedback loop occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction. If we look at a system in homeostasis, a positive feedback loop moves a system further away from the target of equilibrium. It does this by amplifying the effects of a product or event and occurs when something needs to happen quickly.


A negative feedback loop occurs in biology when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction. In this way, a negative feedback loop brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis. Negative feedback loops are responsible for the stabilization of a system, and ensure the maintenance of a steady, stable state. The response of the regulating mechanism is opposite to the output of the event.

]]> 2023-01-18 03:44:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447791160 What are the differences between positive feedback and negative feedback? -davi davirizqifs https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447797762 Positive feedback loop is the term for a feedback mechanism which results in amplification or growth of the output signal whereas negative feedback loop is the term for a feedback mechanism which results in the inhibition or slowdown of the process. 

Positive feedback loops destroy the homeostasis of the system while negative feedback loops always maintain homeostatic conditions.

Examples of positive feedback loops are childbirth, blood clotting, and ripening of fruit while some examples of negative feedback loops are regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, and fluid content.]]> 2023-01-18 03:53:45 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447797762 Hanif Aqil https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447803495 The key difference between positive and negative feedback is their response to change: positive feedback amplifies change while negative feedback reduces change. 

This mean that positive feedback will result in more of a product. Negative feedback will result in less of a product. Positive feedback moves away from a target point while negative feedback moves towards a target.


]]> 2023-01-18 04:02:31 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447803495 Erlangga S. https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447805041 Positive feedback is a homeostatic process that supports the body, in which the body's systems move away from an ideal state rather than maintaining an ideal state of the body.

Negative feedback is a mechanism for regulating hormone concentrations in the blood. when hormone concentrations increase, hormone production will be inhibited. Conversely, when the hormone concentration is reduced, the hormone production will be further enhanced.]]> 2023-01-18 04:05:03 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2447805041 Wasi Fattan Rais https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2449339183 A feedback loop is the part of a system in which some portion (or all) of the system's output is used as input for future operations. the differences between the positive feedback and negative feedback is:

Positive feedback loop exacerbates the effects of a small disturbance. meanwhile the negative feedback loop occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output.

]]> 2023-01-19 05:45:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2449339183 Zidane achsan https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2450710202 positive feedback strengthens the original stimulus, but negative feedback slows it down.]]> 2023-01-20 06:32:40 UTC https://padlet.com/tami77/i9kp7ed004iql8uq/wish/2450710202