https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv Please answer the questions below placing your responses in the correct A01/A03 categories en-us 2022-05-09 11:04:05 UTC 2022-05-13 11:13:57 UTC hello@padlet.com https://healthyasks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ambivalent-attachment-what-is-it-and-what-are-its-consequences.jpg kwelsh51 https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182677743 2022-05-13 10:24:22 UTC https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182677743 https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182710571 A key study done on cultural variations is that of van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg who look at secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant attachments in different countries. Studies were conducted in eight countries, with data being meta-analysed. It was found that secure attachment was the most common classification in all countries with the least common being insecure-resistant. 
Insecure-avoidant - most commonly in Germany. Least commonly in Japan.

]]> 2022-05-13 11:03:09 UTC https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182710571 https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182712429 strength - combining results means we end up with a large sample. Eg van IJzendoorn - 2000 babies. Large samples - increase internal validity - reducing impact of anomalous results. ]]> 2022-05-13 11:05:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182712429 https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182712620 Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg did a meta analysis of 32 studies from 8 different countries using Ainsworth's strange situation procedure. They found that secure attachment was the most common type of attachment in all countries. In individualist countries the least common type was insecure resistant however not for collectivist countries like Israel and Japan. Insecure avoidant was the second most common in every country but Israel and Japan. This shows that attachment types are similar across cultures, especially secure attachment- this supports Bowlbys view that attachment is an innate process

]]> 2022-05-13 11:05:46 UTC https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182712620 https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182717147 weakness - claim of studying cultural variation by IJzendoorn but comparisons were actually between countries not cultures. in countries there are different cultures with different child-reading practises. one sample can over represent others. comparisons between countries may have little meaning - particular culture characteristics of each sample should be specified.]]> 2022-05-13 11:10:22 UTC https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182717147 https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182718016 Using the strange situation procedure which was designed in the US in different cultures may lead to inaccurate data. In the US, lack of affection at reunion represents insecure attachment whereas in Germany it is a sign of independence. Furthermore in Japan, dependence between the mother and infant is encouraged. This means that we cannot apply a western attachment theory to different cultural contexts as one theory does not apply to every culture- instead a set of indigenous theories should be produced ]]> 2022-05-13 11:11:28 UTC https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182718016 https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182720026 - different variations of attachment are considered normal in different cultures. Lack of cultural relativism.
- It has been suggested that attachment theory is culturally biased as it is not representative of the experience and behaviour of individuals from all cultures.
- For instance, in America secure attachments are most common, promoting independence.
- Whereas, a dependent relationship between mother and infant is encouraged, in Japan. 
- Behaviours associated with insecure-resistant attachment type is typical of dependent relationships, explaining the correlation between having this attachment type and being raised in a dependent relationship.
- Suggests that attachment theory developed from research into Western cultures should not be applied to non-Western countries, instead, there should be a set of indigenous theories.]]> 2022-05-13 11:13:57 UTC https://padlet.com/kwelsh51/i9k7h4uqush50omv/wish/2182720026