Bacterial infections such as gonorrhoea and syphilis, and viral infections such as warts and HIV-AIDS are STDs.

Most of the diseases can be treated if diagnosed at early stage. Otherwise can be life threatening.

Unwanted pregnancy.

Social stigma associated with both.

Contraceptive Methods: Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.

Condoms on the penis or similar coverings worn in the vagina can act as barrier between sperm and ovum- Prevents STD and pregnancy.

Contraceptive pills – Combination of estrogen and progesterone. Steroidal in nature and has side effects.

 Contraceptive devices such as Intra-Uterine Devices (IUDs) copper-T are placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy- reduces sperm motility and promotes phagocytosis.

If the vas deferens in the male is blocked, sperm transfer will be prevented. If the fallopian tube in the female is blocked, the egg will not be able to reach the uterus. In both cases fertilisation will not take place. 

Surgical methods can be used to create such blocks.

Vasectomy- Male, Tubectomy- Female

For a healthy society, the female-male sex ratio must be maintained.

Amniocentesis-Prenatal sex determination has been prohibited by law. 

 The size of the human population is a cause for concern for many people- Population explosion.