◼ Legal issue: Can the Court issue court orders and can

the Court rule on cases and their constitutionality?

◼ Significance: The Supreme Court established judicial

review - the ability to review laws, cases, decisions, etc.

and judge their constitutionality.

◼ Legal issue: Are blacks citizens of the U.S. (free or enslaved) and if a

slave moves to a free state does that make them free?

◼ Significance: This case caused a storm of controversy and helped lead

to the Civil War. In 1868, the 14th Amendment guaranteed that

anyone born in the United States, regardless of race, was a U.S. citizen

and therefore, overturned the Dred Scott decision.

--Legal Issue: Herman Plessy said his 14th Amendment

rights (Equal Protection Clause) had been violated.

- Significance: Established SEPARATE BUT EQUAL

doctrine. As a result, southern states strengthened

segregation laws.

Protection Clause) had been violated because she was

denied the right to an equal education.

--This case ENDED segregation. It was the beginning of

the end of Jim Crow laws in the South.

Legal Issue: Gideon appealed claiming that he did have the right to an attorney and the Supreme Court agreed (6th Amendment – right to an attorney).

Significance: Established “The Gideon Rule”:

guarantees counsel/attorney/lawyer to all

poor persons facing a felony charge

Significance: All suspects must be forewarned that they have

the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney.

rights (due process clause) violated? Do these

rights also apply to juveniles?

◼ Significance: Guarantees the same due process rights for juveniles as adults.

◼ Significance: Ruled that school newspapers are sponsored by the school and articles not directly reflecting the views of the school for learning purposes can be deleted. Still a divisive issue. Some

states give more student publications freedom.

◼ Significance: Decision proved that even the President is not above the “rule of law”.