https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq Appeals and Local, State, and Federal Courts en-us 2018-02-19 17:24:54 UTC 2018-02-19 18:47:35 UTC hello@padlet.com kaia_boyers https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/232997888 -In some cases, error of law can make appeal possible for the losing party
-Error of law: when the judge makes a mistake about the law applicable in the case (ex. if a judge allows evidence to be shown to a jury that is not allowed to be shown)
-The judge's error is considered minor unless it affects the outcome of the trial
-If the judge's error is not minor, the losing party can appeal their case]]> 2018-02-19 17:29:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/232997888 kaia_boyers https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/232999681 -The fair administration of justice
-Help prevent unreasonable decisions
-Ensures  that police, lawyers, judges, and jurors must follow the same basic procedures regardless of the defendant
-Promised by Constitution (if a constitutional guarantee is broken, the case can be appealed)
      -Defendants in criminal cases have the right to be notified of charges, to a speedy trial, to an impartial jury, to confront witnesses, not to be tried for the same crime twice, and to be free from self-incrimination, etc.]]> 2018-02-19 17:35:51 UTC https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/232999681 kaia_boyers https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233001332 -One party presents arguments asking the court to review the decision of the trial court
-The other party presents arguments supporting the decision of the trial court and the procedures it followed
-A panel of judges (appellants, 3+) decide appeals
-Majority opinion:  the decision of the court
-Dissenting opinion: judges who disagree with the majority opinion issue this document explaining their disagreement
-Concurring opinion: judges who agree with the majority opinion but for different reasons issue this document]]> 2018-02-19 17:41:08 UTC https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233001332 kaia_boyers https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233003388 Precedent:  legal principles created by an appellate court decision that lower court judges must follow when deciding similar cases

Stare decisis:  “let the decision stand” - makes the law predictable and leads to stability in our society

Jurisdiction: power or authority of the court to decide a case

Statute: federal constitution]]> 2018-02-19 17:47:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233003388 kaia_boyers https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233004545 -Interpret and apply state and local laws

State Courts
-State courts decide criminal, family, contract, and juvenile law cases
-General jurisdiction
-Minor courts:  justice courts, municipal courts, magistrate courts, or inferior trial courts
    -Specialized (ex. family court will deal with divorce, adoption, or custody)
-General trial courts: superior court, county court, district court, or the court of common pleas
    -Civil or criminal cases
-Appeals courts: supreme court, court of appeals, or supreme judicial court

Local Courts
- Local courts  decide cases involving local laws (ex. littering or parking violations)

]]> 2018-02-19 17:50:19 UTC https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233004545 kaia_boyers https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233019488 -Generally established by Article III of the Constitution
-Limited jurisdiction
-Hear cases that raise questions about a federal law or the federal constitution
-Can also sometimes decide cases that deal with state law if the parties to the case are from different states and a large amount of money is in question
-The United States has 94 federal judicial districts, each with a trial court known as a federal district court
-12 regional circuits: U.S. Circuit Court
-Judges are  appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate]]> 2018-02-19 18:42:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kaia_boyers/i5y2s7f3mlcq/wish/233019488