Nelson Mandela by Sabine Hickey '23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf Made with the best of intentions en-us 2021-02-01 18:36:44 UTC 2021-03-08 05:03:19 UTC hello@padlet.com Early Life shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1150493069 Rolihlahla Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo, in the Eastern Cape, on 18 July 1918. His mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. In 1930, when he was 12 years old, his father died and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the Great Place in Mqhekezweni1.

Hearing the elders’ stories of his ancestors’ valour during the wars of resistance, he dreamed also of making his own contribution to the freedom struggle of his people.

Biography of Nelson Mandela – Nelson Mandela Foundation. https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography. Accessed 1 Feb. 2021.

]]> 2021-02-01 19:07:14 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1150493069 Entering Politics shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1150624027 Mandela, while increasingly politically involved from 1942, only joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League (ANCYL).

In 1944 he married Walter Sisulu’s cousin, Evelyn Mase, a nurse. They had two sons, Madiba Thembekile "Thembi" and Makgatho, and two daughters both called Makaziwe, the first of whom died in infancy. He and his wife divorced in 1958.

Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its efforts, the ANC adopted a more radical mass-based policy, the Programme of Action, in 1949.


Nelson Mandela on the roof of Kholvad House in 1953.(Image: © Herbert Shore, courtesy of the Ahmed Kathrada Foundation)
In 1952 he was chosen as the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This campaign of civil disobedience against six unjust laws was a joint programme between the ANC and the South African Indian Congress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their part in the campaign and sentenced to nine months of hard labour, suspended for two years.

A two-year diploma in law on top of his BA allowed Mandela to practise law, and in August 1952 he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa’s first black law firm, Mandela & Tambo.

At the end of 1952 he was banned for the first time. As a restricted person he was only permitted to watch in secret as the Freedom Charter was adopted in Kliptown on 26 June 1955.

Biography of Nelson Mandela – Nelson Mandela Foundation. https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography. Accessed 1 Feb. 2021.

]]> 2021-02-01 19:33:42 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1150624027 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174310346 “To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.” 
- Nelson Mandela]]> 2021-02-07 19:57:36 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174310346 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174347749 His courage and determination through decades of imprisonment galvanized not only South African blacks, but also concerned citizens on every continent. After his release from prison in 1990, Mandela reclaimed his leadership role in the once-banned African National Congress (ANC) and fought tirelessly for democratic reform in his troubled homeland.

"Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC?u=san74543&sid=BIC&xid=15cd8943. Accessed 7 Feb. 2021.]]> 2021-02-07 20:16:44 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174347749 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174350442 Mandela was 24 years old when he joined the ANC, a group that sought to establish social and political rights for blacks in South Africa. In 1944 he married Evelyn Ntoko Mase, a nurse, and cofounded the Congress Youth League, a group calling for nonviolent protest and black African self-reliance and self-determination. At the time, South Africa was populated primarily by blacks but governed completely by whites. Black citizens were legally discriminated against in housing, education, and economic opportunity; they could not vote, and they were subjected to numerous white-authored laws and restrictions. The Youth League responded to this racist political climate by calling for civil disobedience--nonviolent strikes and "stay-at-home" days in protest of no fewer than 600 apartheid laws.

"Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC?u=san74543&sid=BIC&xid=15cd8943. Accessed 7 Feb. 2021.

]]> 2021-02-07 20:18:15 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174350442 Sickened by the failure of the nonviolent protests, he quietly decided that more extreme measures needed to be taken against the white supremacist government. In a 1961 speech before the Pan-Africanist Conference in Ethiopia, he said: "Peace in our country must be considered already broken when a minority government maintains its authority over the majority by force and violence." shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174352591 "Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC?u=san74543&sid=BIC&xid=15cd8943. Accessed 7 Feb. 2021.]]> 2021-02-07 20:19:27 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174352591 First Date Thesis shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174353565 Although Nelson Mandela was a strong politician, many could argue that he was also an Ignatian leader, as he seeked challanges, maturely responded to critisism, and served with and for others.]]> 2021-02-07 20:20:00 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174353565 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174360808 2021-02-07 20:24:08 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174360808 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174361635 2021-02-07 20:24:33 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174361635 "Nelson Mandela." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 77, Gale, 2010. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606004574/BIC?u=san74543&sid=BIC&xid=15cd8943. Accessed 7 Feb. 2021. shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174362619 2021-02-07 20:25:04 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1174362619 Mandela SPEACH LIVE 8 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1213961214 "However, as long as poverty, injustice and gross inequality persist in our world, none of us can truly rest.


We shall never forget how millions of people around the world joined us in solidarity to fight the injustice of our oppression while we were incarcerated. Those efforts paid off and we are able to stand here and join the millions around the world in support of freedom against poverty."

Nelson Mandela Foundation, db.nelsonmandela.org/speeches/pub_view.asp?pg=item&ItemID=NMS753&txtstr=justice. 


]]> 2021-02-18 06:24:47 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1213961214 Life and Values of Mandela shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1213968052 Mandela understood that after apartheid legislation, (the system of racial segregation in South Africa) was overturned, there could be potential for white retaliation. He wasn’t trying to move the pendulum to the other side, but rather he was trying to establish the balance; he was trying to establish true equality.

“Considering the Life and Values of Nelson Mandela.” Food for the Hungry, Food For the Hungry, 18 July 2018, www.fh.org/2018/07/18/life-and-values-of-nelson-mandela/. 


]]> 2021-02-18 06:27:55 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1213968052 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1279956477 “Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in the tiny village of Mvezo, on the banks of the Mbashe River in Transkei, South Africa.”

“Nelson Mandela.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 2 Mar. 2021, www.biography.com/political-figure/nelson-mandela. 
]]> 2021-03-08 02:11:41 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1279956477 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1279965138 "His father was the chief of the Tembu, a Xhosa-speaking people. As a young adult, Mandela studied law. He became a lawyer in the early 1940s."

Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Nelson-Mandela/353418. 
“Nelson Mandela.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 2 Mar. 2021, www.biography.com/political-figure/nelson-mandela. 
]]> 2021-03-08 02:15:18 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1279965138 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1279992114 “He studied law at the University of Witwatersrand, where he became involved in the movement against racial discrimination and forged key relationships with black and white activists. In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and worked with fellow party members, including Oliver Tambo, to establish its youth league, the ANCYL.”

History.com Editors. “Nelson Mandela.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/africa/nelson-mandela. ]]> 2021-03-08 02:26:57 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1279992114 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280071366
Apartheid was a system of racial inequality which kept all races separate from one another. In 1994, Mandela was of key importance in negotiating the freedom and equality of all South Africans.  He then became South Africa’s first democratically elected president. 
“even though Apartheid no longer exists, the legacy of Apartheid can still be seen in South Africa today, especially in structural issues such as education and the distribution of labour.”  
“Nelson Mandela: Father of the Nation.” South African History Online, www.sahistory.org.za/article/nelson-mandela-father-nation.  
]]> 2021-03-08 02:58:53 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280071366 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280080426 “One of the 20th century’s most important civil-rights change-makers, Nelson Mandela devoted his life—including 27 years in prison—to bringing an end to the cruelly segregationist policies of South Africa’s apartheid system.”

Roos, Dave. “Nelson Mandela: His Written Legacy.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 17 July 2018, www.history.com/news/nelson-mandela-quotes. ]]> 2021-03-08 03:03:10 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280080426 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280230088 Mandela spent 27 years of his life in prison from 1964 till 1990. He had to face numerous atrocities including solitary confinement. He continued to be influential even in prison and there were numerous calls for his release.

https://learnodo-newtonic.com/nelson-mandela-accomplishments]]> 2021-03-08 04:15:53 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280230088 shickey23 https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280345602

Anirudh, et al. “Anirudh.” Learnodo Newtonic, 11 Sept. 2018, learnodo-newtonic.com/nelson-mandela-accomplishments. ]]> 2021-03-08 05:03:13 UTC https://padlet.com/shickey23/i4jltrsj5efv2xjf/wish/1280345602