History Museum Project-Bibliography

Manfred, Tony. “Brazil's $3 Billion World Cup Stadiums Are Becoming White Elephants a Year Later.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 13 May 2015, www.businessinsider.com/brazil-world-cup-stadiums-one-year-later-2015-5. This article shows how useless building such beautiful and expensive stadiums were. Even though they were large and great stadiums, for the time being, they are now barely being used for soccer because of various reasons

https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/24897388 

“2014 Fifa World Cup: Where Are the 12 Host Stadiums in Brazil? - BBC Sport.” BBC News, BBC, 6 June 2014, www.bbc.com/sport/football/24897388. This website is a useful tool for giving specific information on each stadium. It says what games will be played in each stadium, how far away it is from Rio, the climate, and other useful information.

Haisley, Billy. “Brazil's World Cup Stadiums Were A Colossal Waste Of Money.” Deadspin, Deadspin.com, 12 May 2015, deadspin.com/brazils-world-cup-stadiums-were-a-colossal-waste-of-mon-1703964012. This article describes how much of a waste of money building such big expensive stadiums were. Many of the stadiums are closed down, not being used for soccer anymore, or just so far away from the major cities so no one wants to go out there.

Gibson, Owen. “World Cup 2014: Brazil Still Facing Issues with 100 Days to Go.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 4 Mar. 2014, www.theguardian.com/football/2014/mar/04/world-cup-2014-brazil-stadiums. This article gives an image of how cramped everything was before the World Cup. There were many different backups one of them being the building of the Stadiums.

Castillo, Mariano. “Brazil Hit by World Cup Stadium Deaths.” CNN, Cable News Network, 28 Nov. 2013, edition.cnn.com/2013/11/27/world/americas/brazil-stadium-accident/index.html. One of Brazil's issues with building the stadiums was the death toll of them. There were many deaths during this time that came as a result of the building of the stadiums.

“FIFA 2014 World Cup Brazil Stadiums Capacity | Statistic.” Statista, www.statista.com/statistics/296469/stadium-capacity-fifa-world-cup-2014-brazil/. This was a poll created ranking the Stadiums in various different categories. Such as capacity, the number of games in each stadium and other comparisons between the stadiums.

Dr. Wilner

History

May 14, 2018

2014 Brazil World Cup Stadiums

The 2014 World Cup was hosted in Brazil and in preparation for the event 12 stadiums scattered throughout the nation were built to host the numerous games for the tournament. The biggest stadium, Estadio Do Maracana, was originally built in 1950 and is located in Rio de Janeiro. In addition to the stadiums already built, Brazil also built 6 new stadiums in preparation for the games. These stadiums costed over three billion dollars to build and renovate, and caused chaos all over the country of Brazil when they were barely finished in time for the opening games. The building of these stadiums are now looked down upon as a colossal waste of money after spending billions of dollars taking lives in the process and now many of them are not even being used for sporting events anymore.

The twelve different stadiums were: Arena da Baixada in Curitiba, Estádio das Dunas in Natal, Arena Amazônia in Manaus, Arena Pantanal in Cuiabá, Arena Pernambuco in  São Lourenço da Mata, Estádio Beira-Rio in Porto Alegre, Arena Fonte Nova  in Salvador da Bahia, Estádio Mineirão in Belo Horizonte, Estádio Castelão in Fortaleza, Arena de São Paulo in São Paulo, Estádio Nacional de Brasília  in Brasília, and the biggest stadium,  Estádio do Maracanã  in Rio de Janeiro. These 12 different stadiums had an average capacity of about 54,000, the biggest holding about 77,000 and the smallest, 41,500. The stadiums averaged at a little over 5 games played in them over the course of the World Cup. The stadiums in Rio and Brazil’s capital, Brasilia, held the most games each hosting seven, and the stadium in Curitiba was the smallest of the twelve, only hosting four games. Although being built only to hold an average of about five games Brazil poured billions of dollars into these stadiums without thought of what they would use all these new stadiums for.

It was very concerning for the people of Brazil to see their financially struggling nation pour billions of dollars into building many soccer stadiums in sparsely populated areas over the country. Now, looking at all the stadiums put up for the world cup many of them are not in use or in bad condition today. Without a top flight team in Brazilia, The Nacional de Brasília, costing around 550 million dollars is now being used as a parking lot. A similar result came out of the Arena Amazonia in Manaus, it costed nearly 300 million dollars to build but since it is in a jungle city hundreds of miles away from the more heavily populated areas of Brazil with no top level soccer teams, it is hosting very few events now leading to a massive waste of money. Many of the other stadiums built led to similar outcomes as the ones in Brasilia and Manaus. Fifa only requires the host country to have 8 stadiums and building new stadiums for one and done events like the World Cup and Olympics have been known to be unintelligent investment. Brazil, going above and beyond by building 12 stadiums, are learning the hard way that they are not an exception and building so many stadiums is a bad investment.

The stadiums built in Brazil in preparation for the 2014 World Cup were all big and beautiful stadiums for the time being, but the struggle to get them up in time costed lives and years of hard work. Now years after the World Cup it is very difficult to make the money back because of the lack of events and programs held in the stadiums. It was a problem in the first place for a country with economic troubles to be putting substantial amounts of money into new stadiums for the world cup, but to go above and beyond and build four more stadiums then the required amount was not a smart investment and was bound to come back to haunt them. 

Dr. Wilner

History

May 14, 2018

The Stadiums Years later

One of the main controversies of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil were it’s stadiums. To this day people still don't know why an economically struggling nation like Brazil would dump billions of dollars into stadiums that would be out of use after the World Cup finished. Reasons for stadiums being out of use vary from being too expensive to operate all the time and not having a top flight team in the area to being hundreds of miles from the populated parts of Brazil so no one goes there. Although the Government intended to change the sports venues from World Cup stadiums into all purpose venues after the tournament, now looking back years later it shows that they were unsuccessful in doing so proving the critics right about the consequences in spending substantial amounts of money on stadiums that are no longer in use.

When a country is selected to host the World Cup, fifa requires 8 stadiums to host the numerus games in the tournament. Brazil went over the top when setting up the stadiums getting 12 ready for the games, including 5 brand new stadiums built just for the World Cup. With a lack of understanding on what to do with these giant stadiums after the World Cup and Olympics in Brazil, many stadiums are left vacated because of the bad geographical location that they are in. An example of a stadium that is left vacated because of its geographic location is the Arena Amazonia in the Jungle city of Manaus. The Arena Amazonia costed around 300 million dollars to build and is hundreds of miles away from the more populated areas of Brazil. The local teams can’t even play there because the price of playing in the stadium is so high. The band Kiss even skipped the Arena Amazonia on its tour of Brazil showing that the transfer from sports venue to all purpose venue did not go well. Many of the other stadiums built for the World Cup are now also found at a lack of usage because of various different reasons.

Even the more expensive stadiums built are now at a loss of action because of all different reasons. The most expensive stadium built, costing over 550 million dollars, in the capital of Brazil is now being used as a parking lot because of the lack of a top flighted team in the area. The Arena Corinthians is now being used for its home team but all the money the club is getting from the stadium has to go back to pay off all the construction needed in the first place. And in the city of Natal, the Arena das dunas is trying to stay afloat by hosting wedding and childrens parties. All of these now difficult situations that the stadiums put the financial status of Brazil in are at no ones fault other than their own.

The organizations in Brazil that put up the stadiums could have easily either just made 8 stadiums ready for the World Cup or at least making them all in populated areas, both would have saved them probably nearly a billion dollars. If the stadiums were not in paces like the Manaus and other jungle locations than maybe bands like Kiss wouldn't skip over the Stadiums and they would attract more events of all different categories. All of these factors could have gotten Brazil to have spent less money and make back more money, but instead now the nation looks back in disappointment at how they spent over 3 billions dollars on stadiums that are an embarrassment today.