https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt Made with a warm hug en-us 2021-12-06 03:19:59 UTC 2024-06-19 06:15:31 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9eb.png juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937190816 Phosphorylation of the C6 carbon in the first stage of glycolysis initiates or primes the glucose for the succeeding steps. In the presence of the enzymes hexokinase and glucokinase, phosphate from ATP is transferred to glucose, creating glucose-6-phosphate (in animals and microbes). This process also results in a significant loss of energy in the form of heat.

]]> 2021-12-09 02:00:33 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937190816 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937199927 The enzyme phosphohexose isomerase converts glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in a reversible manner. The carbonyl oxygen is shifted from C1 to C2, resulting in the conversion of an aldose to a ketose.]]> 2021-12-09 02:05:26 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937199927 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937219638 In the presence of the enzyme phosphofructokinase, fructose-6-phosphate is transformed to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, which is the second priming step of glycolysis. Phosphate is transferred from ATP in the same way as it was in Step 1, however some energy is lost in the form of heat.]]> 2021-12-09 02:18:13 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937219638 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937228083 The C-C bond in fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate is cleaved in this step for the first time. The enzyme fructose diphosphate aldolase catalyses the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate between C3 and C4 to produce two triose phosphates: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (an aldose) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (a ketose). In glycolysis, the remaining steps use three-carbon units rather than six-carbon units.]]> 2021-12-09 02:23:07 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937228083 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937252258 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is easily destroyed in glycolysis' latter phases, whereas dihydroxyacetone phosphate is not. As a result, it is isomerized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. In the presence of the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The first phase of glycolysis is completed with this reaction.]]> 2021-12-09 02:36:58 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937252258 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937262061 Step 6 is one of glycolysis' three energy-conserving or forming processes. The enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase). The H– from glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate reduces NAD+ to coenzyme NADH in this mechanism. Two NADH are generated in this stage because one mole of glucose yields two moles of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.]]> 2021-12-09 02:43:23 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937262061 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937269098 This is the stage in glycolysis that generates ATP. The enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase transfers the phosphate group from 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, yielding ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate. This phase generates two ATPs because one mole of glucose produces two moles of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate.]]> 2021-12-09 02:47:56 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937269098 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937282194 Due to the transfer of the phosphoryl group from C3 to C2, the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase converts 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. The isomerization reaction is reversible.]]> 2021-12-09 02:56:29 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937282194 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937289927 The action of enolase (phosphopyruvate hydratase) converts 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in this stage. This is likewise an irreversible process that results in the loss of two moles of water.]]> 2021-12-09 03:01:35 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937289927 juliencapa https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937295346 This is glycolysis' second energy-generating phase. The enzyme pyruvate kinase converts phosphoenolpyruvate to an enol form of pyruvate. The enol pyruvate, on the other hand, undergoes a fast and non-enzymatic rearrangement to generate the keto form of pyruvate (i.e. ketopyruvate). At pH 7.0, the keto form prevails. The enzyme catalyses the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP, resulting in the production of ATP.]]> 2021-12-09 03:05:21 UTC https://padlet.com/juliencapa/i3ivhi8kdqzx0iyt/wish/1937295346