Independent Variable: ( NON-CHANGEABLE) (Solution)

Kahoot.com

Dependent Variable: (CHANGEABLE) (Problem)

Promoting the learning of new vocabulary.

What is a research variable in quantitative research?

Hypothesis:

Positive Hypothesis

Kahoot.com promotes the learning of new vocabulary among second graders at San Mateo Elementary School.

Negative Hypothesis

Kahoot.com does not promote the learning of new vocabulary among second graders at San Mateo Elementary School.

Null Hypothesis

Kahoot.com neither promotes nor does not promote the learning of new vocabulary among second graders at San Mateo Elementary School.

Gabriela 4-771-1638,

Militza 8-939-2204,

Monica 4-791-455

Adriana Cordero 4-772-776

GRADE 100

Demonstrating how  effective the SQ3R reading comprehension method is to enhance critical thinking skills.

Independent variable:

SQ3R reading method

Dependent variable:

Enhancing critical thinking skills.

What is a research variable in quantitative research?

Variables in quantitative research are the elements that are measured or collected in order to answer the research questions and achieve the study objectives.

Qualitative variables (also known as categorical variables) are variables that fit into categories and descriptions instead of numbers and measurements. Their values do not result from counting.

Variables are crucial components in research, serving as the foundation for data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

Independent variables

Independent variables are foundational to the structure of research, serving as the factors or conditions that researchers manipulate or vary to observe their effects on dependent variables. These variables are considered "independent" because their variation does not depend on other variables within the study.

Dependent variables

Dependent variables are the outcomes or effects that researchers aim to explore and understand in their studies. These variables are called "dependent" because their values depend on the changes or variations of the independent variables.

Categorical variables

Categorical variables, also known as qualitative variables, represent types or categories that are used to group observations. These variables divide data into distinct groups or categories that lack a numerical value but hold significant meaning in research. Examples of categorical variables include gender (male, female, other)

Continuous variables

Continuous variables are quantitative variables that can take an infinite number of values within a given range. These variables are measured along a continuum and can represent very precise measurements. Examples of continuous variables include height, weight, temperature, and time.

Confounding variables

Confounding variables are those that can cause a false association between the independent and dependent variables, potentially leading to incorrect conclusions about the relationship being studied. These are extraneous variables that were not considered in the study design but can influence both the supposed cause and effect, creating a misleading correlation.

Hypothesis: Perfect 100%

Positive Hypothesis

SQ3R method enhances students' critical thinking skills among Literature course students at Latina university.

Negative Hypothesis

SQ3R method does not enhance students' critical thinking skills among Literature course students at Latina university.

Null Hypothesis

SQ3R neither enhances nor does not enhance the critical thinking skills among Literature course students at Latina university.

Independent Variable:

Interactive Gamification Apps.

Dependent Variable:

Enhancing new vocabulary.

What is a research variable in quantitative research?

In quantitative research, a research variable is an element, feature, or factor that can vary or change within a study. These variables are measured, manipulated, or controlled to investigate their relationships and effects on the research outcomes.

Hypothesis: Perfect 100%

Positive Hypothesis

Interactive gamification apps enhance the vocabulary among 10 grades at Centro Educativo Bilingüe Luis Amigó.

Negative Hypothesis

Interactive gamification apps do not enhance the vocabulary of 10th-grade students at Centro Educativo Bilingüe Luis Amigó.

Null Hypothesis

Interactive gamification apps neither enhance nor do not enhance the vocabulary of 10th-grade students at Centro Educativo Bilingüe Luis Amigó.

Independent Variable:

Implementing motivational strategies.

Dependent Variable:

Reading fluency skills.

In quantitative research, a research variable refers to any characteristic, number, or quantity that can be measured or controlled in a study. Variables are important because they help researchers understand relationships between different factors and make predictions based on collected data.

• Independent Variable (IV): This is the variable that the researcher manipulates or controls in order to observe its effect on the dependent variable. It is also known as the predictor variable because it is believed to influence the outcome.

• Dependent Variable (DV): This is the variable that is measured and observed to determine the effect of the independent variable. It is also known as the outcome variable or the response variable.

• Control Variables: These are variables that are held constant to prevent them from influencing the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. They help ensure that any observed effects are due to the independent variable and not other factors.

• Extraneous Variables: These are variables that are not of primary interest to the researcher but could affect the dependent variable if not controlled. They are important to identify and control for in order to minimize their impact on the results.

Positive Hypothesis: Motivational Strategies improve the reading fluency skills of forth graders among IPA Elementary School.

Negative Hypothesis:

Motivational strategies do not improve the reading fluency skills of forth graders among Ipa Elementary School.

Null Hypothesis:

Motivational strategies neither improve nor do not improve the reading fluency skills of forth grades among Ipa Elementary School.