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      <title>Padlet Map Draft  by Darcy Mullen</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks</link>
      <description>Pin your post to the map as instructed in the module. Remember to add your name after the place-name in the title. If you make a mistake placing your pin, there&#39;s a tiny trash can at the top of the text box to delete it and start over. To add your link use the add a link button (it looks like a chain-link). After you&#39;re done typing and you want to close your pin, click on it below the text box.  </description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2020-08-16 01:35:46 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2023-11-19 20:38:40 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
      <image>
         <url></url>
      </image>
      <item>
         <title>Providence Canyon, GA, USA: Dr. Mullen</title>
         <author>watsonfarmsdmullen</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/707434077</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I'm pinning this place as an example of a post (without working from a poem-source). Why here as a random spot? The history/food history of 'The Little Grand Canyon" here is incredible! What a story of agricultural mismanagement and human impact! Look at how people literally changed the face of our earth by farming unsustainably up and around the Atlanta area. Food literacy includes being able to simultaneously deal with the aesthetics of this gorgeous canyon *and*  know that it our food culture created it within 200 years! That's very fast in geological time.  <br><br>If anyone is looking for a day away from campus, this is within driving distance. (Always be safe, don't go hiking alone, or lean over anything dangerous!)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/geography-environment/providence-canyon" />
         <pubDate>2020-08-30 18:49:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/707434077</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Greece Patrick Young</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/709817067</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><strong><em>Duck Confit -- Gaylord Brewer </em></strong><br><strong><br>Greece is relevant to us understanding the poem Duck Pate" because of the rich culinary history behind their culture, olive oil represents duality in this poem; It is both an ingredient and an experience. The importance of ancient Greece is their cultural attachment to olive oil. Brewer describes olive oil as a "bath," a direct allusion to the communal baths and spas the Greeks would populate throughout history. We need to understand the cultural influence the Ancient Greeks have held, even concerning our modern culture. Their traditions and practices still tend to influence western culture in ways unbeknownst to us. For example, the Greeks were some of the first great philosophers of the world. They pondered questions beyond simple human physicality and stretched the limits of the human mind and experience. I want to closely examine Greek culture concerning food as it would enhance the poem's overall understanding. It will also allow us to pick up on the nuances. We need to expand our knowledge about this Mediterranean nation. This will allow us to fully develop an understanding of what each ingredient really means to the recipe, how it not only affects the flavor but the real rhetorical understanding. <br></strong><br><a href="https://www.oliveoilsfromspain.org/olive-oil-news/history-olive-oil-i/"><br>Research Link</a><br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.oliveoilsfromspain.org/olive-oil-news/olive-oil-treasure-dates-back-ancient-greece/" />
         <pubDate>2020-08-31 18:50:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/709817067</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Johnson County, TN, USA; Ashwin Mahadevan </title>
         <author>amahadevan37</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/709983533</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Johnson County, Tennessee is relevant to us understanding the poem “A Theory of Pole Beans” by Nikki Giovanni because of the contextualization that helps to geographically identify Giovanni’s setting, such as “segregation and hatred” or “small towns”. These factors, combined with diction such as “the Depression”, points to the poem taking place during a post-Depression era in the South. This assumption is later reassured through the discussion of cuisine, specifically “pole beans”, “fried chicken”, and “cornbread”. The “Green Bean Capital of the World” or Johnson County, Tennessee, shares one of the strongest geographical relationships to the poem in my opinion. Johnson County, a rural community, was one of the biggest producers of green beans or “pole beans” during the first half of the twentieth century. Furthermore, Johnson County can be considered the typical southern small town, especially when its local gatherings such as farmers market fairs are taken into account. When both its agrarian prominence in the green beans market and unique social structure are brought to light, it can be very easily related to Giovanni’s poem. In adding the source of “Picking Green Beans in Johnson County in the Good Old Days” by Virginia Manuel to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them better understand the agrarian lifestyle and post-Depression era sentiments in the poem. </div><div><br><br></div><div><br><br><br></div><div><br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.thetomahawk.com/accent/pickin-green-beans-in-johnson-county-in-the-good-old-days/#:~:text=Well%2C%20when%20I%20was%20growing,to%20ten%20acres%20of%20beans." />
         <pubDate>2020-08-31 19:48:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/709983533</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Anton Lavrouk - Altukhovo, Moscow Oblast, Russia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/710235178</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: "Married" by Jo McDougall<br><br>I chose this location because a large part of the poem is centered on chickens. The chosen location is where my Grandmother lives. She raises chickens as part of her subsistence farming routing. Furthermore, a lot of diction in this poem brings imagery that is similar to my Grandmother's village.<br><br>"Tonight I ask my husband to help me remember / names for the breeds of chickens / he and I grew up with, living on neighboring farms."<br><br>The link I chose gives insight into Russia's countryside, and the struggles it currently faces. A lot of Russia's agriculture comes from places like these, and food in particular is a large part of Russia's countryside culture.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/death-throes-russia-iconic-countryside-170207084912286.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-08-31 22:07:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/710235178</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/711350705</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Why it’s Delicious - Elisa Also

I picked this location because it is one of the biggest food markets in Moscow, and here they sell jams. In the poem is the quote, “Jeanne’s mom took us to pick fat strawberries we boiled and stirred into jam in huge pots all day.” I imagine this is the same process that the Russian farmers underwent to fill their stalls with jams today. This location is important because it highlights the commonality in foods between places. America and Russia are deep rooted adversaries, different countries on different continents. Yet they share similar food culture. This can be traced back to a certain necessity both people faced: overcoming scarcity. Jams were a way for people to store produce for the long term, to have fruits even when crops were impossible. As the whole world faced this issue one time or another, jams are everywhere. Coming to Danilovskiy reminds me of this and adds another depth to the poem’s context. 
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-01 12:01:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/711350705</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Danilovskiy Rinok - Koki Asahina</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/711354327</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: Why it’s Delicious - Elisa Albo <br><br></div><div>I picked this location because it is one of the biggest food markets in Moscow, and here they sell jams. In the poem is the quote, “Jeanne’s mom took us to pick fat strawberries we boiled and stirred into jam in huge pots all day.” I imagine this is the same process that the Russian farmers underwent to fill their stalls with jams today. This location is important because it highlights the commonality in foods between places. America and Russia are deep rooted adversaries, different countries on different continents. Yet they share similar food culture. This can be traced back to a certain necessity both people faced: overcoming scarcity. Jams were a way for people to store produce for the long term, to have fruits even when crops were impossible. As the whole world faced this issue one time or another, jams are everywhere. Coming to Danilovskiy reminds me of this and adds another depth to the poem’s context. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://life.spectator.co.uk/articles/jam-beautifully-preserved-history/#:~:text=Jam%20shares%20a%20wobbly%20ancestry,from%20the%201st%20century%20AD." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-01 12:03:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/711354327</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pin 1 (Dyllon Preston) : Decatur Street, New Orleans, LA, USA</title>
         <author>dyllonpreston</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/713484368</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Central Grocery &amp; Deli is relevant to us understanding the poem “Eating a Muffaletta in Des Moines” by Brian Spears because it is the origin of the muffaletta. Central Grocery is an infamous deli located on Decatur Street in the middle of New Oreleans’ French Quarter, reflective of its Cajun background. With its history rooted in immigration, this grocery exists as a vibrant place of culture that has not yet been turned bland by American assimilation. However, if you are caught calling New Oreleans Cajun Country, to quote Spears, you may just get “knocked … out”. The majority of this poem is dedicated to lecturing the reader on the proper consistency and ingredients of a muffaletta, using similes to equate the emotional weight that each part of a muffaletta carries to different moments in Spears’s life. For this reason, the reader is taken on a journey around New Orleans, to different locations that each carry emotion significant to Spears, emotional significance expressed to the reader for the sole purpose of ensuring the reader understands how to do a muffaletta right. The reader learns that the bread of a muffaletta “better not be falling apart like your first marriage”, a melancholic line that shifts the reader’s attention from muffalettas, to the emotional condition of Spears. At the core of these locations, nevertheless, lies Central Grocery, and for that reason, I have selected it as the location to best represent this poem, as well as the culture that this poem tries to share. In adding Central Grocery’s website to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by proving outside reference to the subject matter of the poem, allowing for the reader to see for themselves the importance Central Grocery places on being the origin of the muffaletta.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://centralgrocery.com/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-01 23:41:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/713484368</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Scotland, UK: Christopher Meier</title>
         <author>cmeier6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/713557899</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: “Livers and Gizzards” - Jon Tribble</div><div>Scotland is relevant to us understanding the poem "Livers and Gizzards" because it is home to one of the most famous offal dishes, the Scottish haggis, which connects to the food focus of the poem. In “Livers and Gizzards”, the poem discusses the cooking process of offal meat in an oil to then have its gut eaten by either another person’s gut or the trash since many people are not fans of offal. In Scotland, a famous meal is haggis which is a type of pudding balled up which contains sheep’s heart, liver, lungs, and stomach. To someone like myself who doesn’t find offal meat appetizing, this meal is one that I would have to be forced to eat, but in Scotland and throughout the British Isles, this meal is considered a savoury dish with a nutty texture. Although the poem never directly relates to the Scottish haggis, the popularity of the haggis helps me to better understand why a poem would be cherishing offal which to many is awful. </div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of “How Traditional Haggis are made in Scotland” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by incorporating a visual and verbal depiction of how haggis are made allowing the reader to visualize the appearance of offal meat, the method of frying some types of offal, and to understand why it isn’t something popular everywhere in the world.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBpBP7NT0rs" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 00:31:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/713557899</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rome, Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy - Clarice Hill</title>
         <author>claricethill</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/714636342</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In the poem "Family Style" by George Ella Lyon, the poem opens by describing her grandfather baking biscuits each morning. To my family and many others, biscuits were a household staple, especially during hard times.  In the poem Lyon describes "a big biscuit in a cast iron skillet"(lines 1-2), evoking an image of one large loaf that will be shared around the table. Although biscuits are widely associated with comfort and family in the south they were not always so. <br>The original biscuits were from the Roman Empire, and they were a solid bread that soldiers could carry with them, similar to hardtack. Over the years they moved to the South in the Antebellum period where they were a luxury due to the time intensive kneading process. Around the end of the 19th century biscuits with baking powder became a staple of the southern household. This time period is often what people recall when they have biscuits today.<br>In a modern world where biscuits come in cans, a homemade biscuit is the core of the southern comfort food. Biscuits are served in most southern restaurants with every meal of the day. In Lyon's poem she reminisces about the different food habits of her grandparents. Most of these habits were widespread in southern culture, however to this day, there is nothing more southern than a biscuit. Thus opening her memories with a reference to biscuits immediately places the reader in the south and prepares them to recall the lesser known foods like “clabber”(line 15), “poor-do”(line 7), “milk toast,”(line 35) and “tomato and kraut juice”(line 34). </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://styleblueprint.com/everyday/southern-biscuits/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 12:54:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/714636342</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Virginia, USA: Gautam Sugasi (not a pin)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715295005</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The poem that I was assigned to read was “Bounty” by Marianne Worthington. In this poem, Worthington paints a vivid picture of a cucumber’s journey from growing attached to vines in the garden to making its way to the breakfast table where it would make for a great addition to a salad or bread. When considering a location that is both relevant to the poem and that shares a personal connection to me, I chose my home in Virginia, specifically, the garden behind my house. Among the many plants and vegetables that my mother likes to grow in her garden, cucumber is one of the most popular ones. In the poem, the different effects of nature on the growth of the cucumber are mentioned, such as the “tendrils crawling through wormy soil” and “the bees who sugared the stigma”. Personally, I can relate to all of these as I see nature’s work up close whenever I tend to the garden. Furthermore, I can also relate to the savory delight of eating our self-grown cucumbers which the poem mentions when it says “recited in your salads” and “spread on your break, and tasted in an emerald grace”. In summary, while a poem about cucumbers might not be the most exciting read to some people, it was definitely quite interesting to me as I can personally relate to what was being conveyed in the poem which allowed me to form connections and led to a deeper understanding of what the poem was about. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=C1034&amp;title=Growing%20Cucumbers%20in%20the%20Home%20Garden" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 15:56:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715295005</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715296749</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The poem that I was assigned to read was “Bounty” by Marianne Worthington. In this poem, Worthington paints a vivid picture of a cucumber’s journey from growing attached to vines in the garden to making its way to the breakfast table where it would make for a great addition to a salad or bread. When considering a location that is both relevant to the poem and that shares a personal connection to me, I chose my home in Virginia, specifically, the garden behind my house. Among the many plants and vegetables that my mother likes to grow in her garden, cucumber is one of the most popular ones. In the poem, the different effects of nature on the growth of the cucumber are mentioned, such as the “tendrils crawling through wormy soil” and “the bees who sugared the stigma”. Personally, I can relate to all of these as I see nature’s work up close whenever I tend to the garden. Furthermore, I can also relate to the savory delight of eating our self-grown cucumbers which the poem mentions when it says “recited in your salads” and “spread on your break, and tasted in an emerald grace”. In summary, while a poem about cucumbers might not be the most exciting read to some people, it was definitely quite interesting to me as I can personally relate to what was being conveyed in the poem which allowed me to form connections and led to a deeper understanding of what the poem was about. ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 15:57:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715296749</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715296856</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/677504402/af491e0bf021820ee41a6dee2f3c3f1f/image.png" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 15:57:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715296856</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715635643</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Why it's Delicious - Elisa Albo]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 17:23:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/715635643</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jamaica- Carlos (Max) Pacheco</title>
         <author>maxpachecobusiness</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716141405</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Sugar Cane at the A&amp;P<br><br></div><div>By Garland Strother<br><br></div><div>Jamaica is relevant to us understanding the poem Sugar Cane at The A&amp;P because the poem doesn’t give an actual location for where it takes place, however using some context clues I ended up in Jamaica. The location of the events that the narrator of the poem descries take place in a sugar cane plantation, “sudden emblems of early poaching years ago from neighboring farms, breaking off sections to peel with a short pocket knife, chewing the pulp”. Thinking about places with sugar cane plantations, I arrived at Jamaica. The main product from sugar cane is obviously sugar. Although sugar might seem like an insignificant industry in America, the sugar industry is the third biggest industry in Jamaica and has played an important role in the culture of the island. For example, Jamaica is known for its famous Jamaican Rum, a product of sugar cane. There are large number of plantations in Jamaica and I imagined the events of this poem to be taking place there. Another of the reasons I ended up in Jamaica is because the poem is written in English. In the past, Jamaica was colonialized by the British. Even after the British left, the culture and language stayed on the island which is why the most spoken language in Jamaica is English. Even though in the past years Jamaica has become more industrialized than before, the agricultural life (especially with sugar cane) remains a large sector of the economy and society. <br>In adding the source of "Jamaican Sugar Cane" to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by familiarizing them with facts they may not have known about the past history of sugar cane, as well as an insight into the vital importance that the industry plays in the Jamaican culture and economy.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://196.2.1.165/lectures/sugar.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 19:53:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716141405</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mesopotamia, Iraq -Yuzheng Yang</title>
         <author>yyang825</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716181809</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mesopotamia is relevant to us understanding the poem “how to kill a hog” because the poem that I was assigned with is mainly about how a butcher process a hog that he raised in his farm. And Mesopotamia is closely related to the history of domesticated pigs. Pigs are always a very significant part in human’s food culture and even arts culture ever since human first started to farm pigs that domesticated from wild boars. Pork that provided by pigs is also one of the most important resources of protein for human over the history. The location I picked, Mesopotamia, is situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system, and it’s also a place that rose some of the earliest human civilizations and agriculture. Evidence suggests that in Mesopotamia pigs were first domesticated from wild boar, and this time can be dated back before 11400 years ago. At around 4500 BC, the domesticated pigs were introduced to Northern Europe. Farmers in the Europe then interbreed their domesticated pig with the local wild boars and created the ancestors of modern pigs. Zoo-archaeological evidence from northern Mesopotamia clearly demonstrates that pork played a major role in the diet, despite their virtual absence in the written record. Evidence also shows that ancient residents of Mesopotamia did a significantly variable practices in pig husbandry. From a contemporary utilitarian perspective, the pig is one of the glories of animal domestication. It is prolific. After a gestation period of only 4 months, a sow gives birth to an average of 10 piglets, though litter size may, on occasion, be as large as 30. Growth is rapid. In a 6-month period, piglets of 1.2 kilograms can potentially increase in weight by 5,000 percent. This growth translates into a higher return for energy invested than for other domesticated animals.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of archaeology journal “Pigs and the pastoral bias: The other animal economy in northern Mesopotamia (3000–2000 BCE)” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding  more scientific evidence and researches about the role that pigs play in ancient Mesopotamia agriculture and the genetic relationship of ancient near eastern pigs and the modern domesticated pigs.<br><br></div><div><strong><br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.asor.org/anetoday/2020/03/near-eastern-pig" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 20:09:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716181809</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Nob Hill, Washington, DC - Daniel Carr</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716220377</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I think one of the major points was that people bond over meals. In the media, people generally imagine meals being held together where the family gathers for breakfast or dinner to talk, interact, and exchange ideas. However, one of the questions this poem asks is, why aren’t homosexual couples included in that image? The poem shows how homosexual couples must fight against parents, religion, and society when expressing their love for each other. They are being restricted even in one of the safest places and times - breakfast in the kitchen. I chose to pin this bar as a significant location because it acts as a safe haven for LGBT men. It opened in 1953 as a meeting place for queer African American men, opening to the public in ‘57, yet still catering to them. The bar emerged while racial discrimination was still legal in DC and when African American men were even excluded from other queer-friendly spots. Nob Hill acted as a beacon and a haven for LGBT African American men, and continued operating until 2004.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of this government provided information page, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by allowing them to learn more about how this bar catered to LGBT and African American men, which were both oppressed separately. </div><div><br></div><div>Article: www.nps.gov/places/nob-hill-dc.htm</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nps.gov/places/nob-hill-dc.htm" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 20:26:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716220377</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716221745</link>
         <description><![CDATA[My poem was “Like Father” by Jericho Brown. It was about a father, the narrator, and his lover. The poem took place in a kitchen over breakfast and was about homosexuality and love. 

While the poem didn’t reference any locations specifically, I chose Nob Hill, Washington DC, the oldest continuously-operating LGBT bar for African American men. I considered putting the author’s hometown, Shreveport, Louisiana, but I feel like this bar connected most to what the author was arguing and this class’s theme. I think one of the major points was that people bond over meals. In the media, people generally imagine meals being held together where the family gathers for breakfast or dinner to talk, interact, and exchange ideas. However, one of the questions this poem asks is, why aren’t homosexual couples included in that image? The poem shows how homosexual couples must fight against parents, religion, and society when expressing their love for each other. They are being restricted even in one of the safest places and times - breakfast in the kitchen. I chose to pin this bar as a significant location because it acts as a safe haven for LGBT men. It opened in 1953 as a meeting place for queer African American men, opening to the public in ‘57, yet still catering to them. The bar emerged while racial discrimination was still legal in DC and when African American men were even excluded from other queer-friendly spots. Nob Hill acted as a beacon and a haven for LGBT African American men, and continued operating until 2004.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-02 20:26:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716221745</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>France - Hannah Kim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716812817</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- “Saltine” by Michael McFee</div><div>- France is linked to the poem “Saltine” through the author’s description of saltine crackers as the South’s closest attempt to <em>hors d'oeuvres</em>. The establishment of a relationship between saltines and a term used originally to describe French cuisine gives the reader a new perspective and insight into the author’s personal feelings. </div><div>- “the closest we ever got to serving <em>hors d’oeuvres</em>”</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://158main.com/2014/02/19/a-brief-history-of-appetizers-or-is-that-hors-doeuvre/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 02:40:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/716812817</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New Orleans, LA, USA: Adam Lee</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/717366847</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem is “Why I Can't Cook for Your Self-Centered Architect Cousin” by Beth Ann Fennelly. </div><div><br></div><div>I chose New Orleans for entailing several things that were directly and indirectly referenced in the poem. However it is worth noting that there were not any explicit references to a specific place and I was not able identify any social, cultural, or linguistic aspect in the poem that epitomized a specific place- therefore my reasoning is entirely based on the type of foods that were mentioned in the poem and their availability. </div><div><br></div><div>First of all, I will list all of the foods that were mentioned in the poem: pizza, filet mignon, tiramisu, shrimp, pine nuts, parmesan, basil, and fettuccine. Most of the foods in the list are unfortunately wildly available all across the country, however I suspect that the place in the poem has to be a very culturally diverse place to be able to offer filet mignon, tiramisu and fettuccine. Also nearby a coast to get shrimp. </div><div><br></div><div>But the two key foods I focused on to make my decision were filet mignon and pine nuts. Filet mignons are a french dish so I suspected that the place in the poem had had some french influence in the past somehow and is somehow correlated with French culture. Which does narrow down my search a little bit. </div><div><br></div><div>And the last piece of the puzzle was pine nuts. The author said she “crush pine nuts unhinged from the cones’ prickly shingles”. I inferred from that sentence that the pine nuts were in raw form which means that the place in the poem was close to where a lot of the pine nuts are produced in the US. According to the linked article, pine nuts are “rarely found growing outside the Southwest.” </div><div><br></div><div>Therefore to put all the pieces together, after conducting some research on places with diverse culture nearby a coast that has some correlation with culture and is close to the American Southwest, I found New Orleans which has a “history as a melting pot of French, African and American cultures” and “The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter”. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://civileats.com/2017/06/01/is-the-u-s-pine-nut-industry-on-the-brink-of-extinction/#:~:text=Today%2C%20American%20pine%20nuts%20(also,doubled%20in%20the%20last%20decade." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 08:33:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/717366847</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/717367625</link>
         <description><![CDATA[My poem is “Why I Can't Cook for Your Self-Centered Architect Cousin” by Beth Ann Fennelly. 

I chose New Orleans for entailing several things that were directly and indirectly referenced in the poem. However it is worth noting that there were not any explicit references to a specific place and I was not able identify any social, cultural, or linguistic aspect in the poem that epitomized a specific place- therefore my reasoning is entirely based on the type of foods that were mentioned in the poem and their availability. 

First of all, I will list all of the foods that were mentioned in the poem: pizza, filet mignon, tiramisu, shrimp, pine nuts, parmesan, basil, and fettuccine. Most of the foods in the list are unfortunately wildly available all across the country, however I suspect that the place in the poem has to be a very culturally diverse place to be able to offer filet mignon, tiramisu and fettuccine. Also nearby a coast to get shrimp. 

But the two key foods I focused on to make my decision were filet mignon and pine nuts. Filet mignons are a french dish so I suspected that the place in the poem had had some french influence in the past somehow and is somehow correlated with French culture. Which does narrow down my search a little bit. 

And the last piece of the puzzle was pine nuts. The author said she “crush pine nuts unhinged from the cones’ prickly shingles”. I inferred from that sentence that the pine nuts were in raw form which means that the place in the poem was close to where a lot of the pine nuts are produced in the US. According to the linked article, pine nuts are “rarely found growing outside the Southwest.” 

Therefore to put all the pieces together, after conducting some research on places with diverse culture nearby a coast that has some correlation with culture and is close to the American Southwest, I found New Orleans which has a “history as a melting pot of French, African and American cultures” and “The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter”. 
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 08:33:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/717367625</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Cuba</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/718600423</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jay Hopler wrote the poem "The Glory Be-B-Q" which led to me thinking of Cuba while reflecting upon the poem. I picked Cuba because it is the supposed origin place of the barbeque cooking style that is described in my poem especially for pork. Hopler describes the food at his southern barbeque and the "pulled pork" especially is a dish which traces its origins to Cuba and bears a striking resemblence to the traditional Cuban pork dish, Lechon. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/history-barbecue" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 16:39:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/718600423</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Little Cherry Tree Dr, Charleston, WV 25306, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719132034</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 18:46:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719132034</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Peru</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719189075</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Madeline Hartlage<br><br>“Knowing” by Sylvia Woods details how different experiences and locations influence identity and how food is an integral part of it all. The country of Peru marks the origin of potatoes, which are briefly mentioned, and green beans, arguably the most highlighted and important food in the poem. Peru is significant for a few reasons. For one, it is part of my heritage. My uncle came to the United States from Peru and brought with him some different cooking techniques for foods like potatoes and green beans that are delicious and yet not used in American cooking. His heritage is visible through his mannerisms, cooking, and appearance, and he always smiles, builds furniture, and plays with his nieces, so I wanted to highlight the familial connection that I have to Peru and the food that the poem mentions.<br> </div><div>Woods manipulates green beans, which originate from Peru, to convey how different cultures and locations cook them differently and to connect them with Mae’s traditions, which are a significant part of her identity, emphasized when she says, “This is what I know.” People’s cooking techniques for any food differ by location but also spread to other areas and connect them together through influence. For example, a character states that “the Chinese stir-fry green beans,” while “the French cut them slantwise with a knife,” yet Mae “simmers” hers “with a little fatback” after “break[ing] the tip[s].” The characters in the poem have knowledge of different cultures and have their own culture, and they fall back on their cooking as a part of who they are, much like how people around the world share and experience their food cultures as a special part of their identity. Peru is a significant location in this poem, because it represents a part of my heritage, and it is the origin of the foods in the poem that convey the importance of food and cooking in people’s very identity and heritage. Food can connect people and help them learn about each other, and it is such an integral part of a person that he or she may fall back on cooking traditions and certain foods as somethings that are comforts and parts of their being.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/Green_Beans.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 19:03:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719189075</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Cuba(Gabriel Montes)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719229182</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jay Hopler wrote the poem "The Glory Be-B-Q" which led to me thinking of Cuba while reflecting upon the poem. I picked Cuba because it is the supposed origin place of the barbeque cooking style that is described in my poem especially for the pork dish which I know to be a central dish in any typical Southern barbecue. Hopler describes the food at his barbeque and the "pulled pork" especially stood out to me and reminded me of the island of Cuba. The pulled pork is a dish which traces its origins to Cuba and the original slow cooking early barbecuing method of meat cooking which was observed in the Caribbean Taino culture. Tracing this practice to the Taino culture speaks to the syncretism that was present in creating the modern Southern barbecue and the cultural diffusion that occurred throughout the Gulf of Mexico and eventually made its way into the American south eastern culture. One way I personally know about the legacy of Taino culture in barbecuing is through its relation to the quintessential barbecue dish of pulled pork bears a striking resemblance to the traditional Cuban pork dish, Lechon. Lechon is essentially a barbecue roasted pig which is roasted throughout the course of a day inside of a dug in barbecue pit which is covered in banana leaves and seasoned using typical Carribean spices and seasonings. These cooking practices moved throughout the region as commerce opened up and eventually took a foothold in Southern cuisine. This knowledge made the pulled pork mentioned by Hopler in his poem stand out to me especially and drew my attention especially to the island of Cuba with their analogous pork dishes. </div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 19:16:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719229182</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>link for Cuba submission(Gabriel Montes)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719233098</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/history-barbecue" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 19:17:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719233098</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719303148</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Ethiopia -- Joshua Brient]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 19:42:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719303148</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mexico - Emelia Gapp</title>
         <author>egapp3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719398980</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>My poem was “Ode” by Iliana Rocha. The location I chose was Mexico. The poem discusses the making of tortillas to describe the narrator’s grandmother’s final days before her death. The poem states, “We are disappointments - we cannot make good of grief by giving it back to the tortilla”. Tortillas are of abundance in Mexico - thousands of tortillerias line the streets of the city. Corn, the primary ingredient for tortillas, is bountiful throughout the entire country. I associated tortillas to Mexico specifically because they remind me of my grandmother’s neighbor who is from there. When my siblings and I were younger, she taught us how to make tortillas from scratch.</strong></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/north-america/mexico/mexico-city/best-trips-what-to-do-corn-tortillas/#close" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 20:18:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719398980</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rhode Island - Wendy Han (Revised)</title>
         <author>ChewyBeb</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719444537</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem is “Vocabulary Lesson” by Rose McLarney. It concerns the various American dishes that can be made using corn, and in the poem, the speaker marvels at the variety of ways to be fed. The poem doesn’t specifically name any location, beyond the “the Southern soil” where the speaker supposedly “began”, but many of the dishes named in the poem are heavily associated with certain locations. </div><div>I chose to focus on Johnnycakes because while they may be a staple of the New England region as a whole, they have a special tie to Rhode Island. It’s often claimed that the Johnnycake originated from the indigeneous Narragansett people of Rhode Island, and the state continues to host an annual Johnnycake festival. Apparently, a century ago, the Rhode Island legislature once attempted to settle what exactly constituted a johnnycake- are they made with milk or water? Are they thin or thick, wide or small? They attempted to taste test many different “authentic johnnycake recipes” to decide on the premier recipe; the competition devolved into a fistfight and nothing was resolved. To this day, the specific recipe for a Johnnycake remains unsettled, and is a subject of vigorous debate among Rhode Islanders, as detailed in the New York Times article, JOHNNYCAKE IS TRADITIONAL, AND CONTROVERSIAL, IN RHODE ISLAND. (<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/15/garden/johnnycake-is-traditional-and-controversal-in-rhode-island.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/15/garden/johnnycake-is-traditional-and-controversal-in-rhode-island.html</a>) </div><div>Rhode Island is simply a microcosm of the traditions and patterns of the New England region as a whole. Many other dishes named in the poem, such as the hasty pudding and succotash, are equally significant to the people and arose through a similar process of cultural melding. Many of us remember the tale of how Thanksgiving came to arise, and how the indigenous Patuxet helped the Pilgrims survive in their new home. Coming to mind is how they taught the Pilgrims to grow corn using fish as fertilizer. Just as how important corn was to the Patuxet, corn became the basis of the Pilgrim’s diet. To this day, New England cuisine is rife with corn-based meals. Many of New England dishes have roots in the Algonquin people’s cuisine, the predominant indigenous population of Southern New England. They made succotash, cornbread, and the ever famous clam-bake.</div><div>Beyond that, the johnnycake shows how complicated the history of a simple dish is. The cultural significance it holds, the numerous controversies and disputes over it, it really does give you a sense of how much importance we put into our foods, and how much we care for them. Rhode Island, and New England at large, is simply one example. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/366954684/1cebd3ba378a773a3d01bdee864d9b9d/sadsadas.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 20:39:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719444537</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New Orleans, LA, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719489928</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 21:01:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719489928</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Italy - Chance huff </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719585889</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 22:07:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719585889</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Italy - Chance Huff </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719588224</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: Why I Can’t Cook for Your Self-Centered Architect Cousin</div><div>Author: Beth Ann Fennelly </div><div><br></div><div>I picked this location from the poem because in the first stanza I immediately thought of Italy when pizza was mentioned, and then in stanzas 6-8 it sounded like the speaker was describing making an Italian dish for the family. </div><div>In the last line of the first stanza the speaker mentions getting take out “or order pizza”.  Right when I read pizza I was thinking about Italian food, and then later on in the poem this location, I felt was being reinforced.  In stanzas 6-8 when the speaker mentions just cooking for them it sounds to me like it is an Italian dish being made, “crush pine nuts”, “”whittle the parmesan”, “thresh the basil till moist”, and “then I’ll dance that green joy through the fettuccine”.  Once it mentioned fettuccine I knew it was an Italian dish, and it sounds like they are going to be making some great pasta.  I added this link to my post because I thought it was interesting how when I heard "fettuccine" I immediately thought of fettuccine alfredo and that led me to Italy.  Although, when reading we find out that this dish actually originated in Rome from Alfredo Di Lelio.  So I added this link to show how many of us might have the wrong idea and be crediting the wrong people for this amazing dish, and how funny it is that it took me 20 years to figure that out.<br><br><strong>Revision:<br></strong>I felt the relation of Rome to this dish was pretty evident, Italian dishes were sprinkled throughout my poem of Why I Can’t Cook for Your Self-Centered Architect Cousin.  Immediately the speaker mentions getting pizza to order for the family, and right away my mind was on Italy.  Another main central theme in this poem is mentioned in the first couple lines of the poem about how a table is meant to be shared and with love.  I feel like Italians are notorious for having close family ties, and that is also what drew my attention to Italy.  Italy is all about family and the closeness that they have together over meals, even when you go to a true Italian restaurant you can just feel the difference in the care and attention they provide.  Lastly, upon more research, as fettuccine was brought into the table as well I knew I had to choose Italy, and that I would base my pin off of the dish of fettuccine.  So when I was doing my research for this, I actually came to find out that fettuccine originated in Rome.<br><strong>Revised Link Below!</strong></div><div><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-origins-of-fettuccine_b_4590831?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAbYkFZ25_Eb0wggaMlgTGZZweGXp7qda8YG6k-3N02DZaqTUAKA6JvT4MLqOY4MUPwmogmB8OORQ1xqU70bcdGwfJ92rtvY_p31lKRhyNGHrncItquz5atqQs5MSd-oEpOOID">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-origins-of-fettuccine_b_4590831?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAbYkFZ25_Eb0wggaMlgTGZZweGXp7qda8YG6k-3N02DZaqTUAKA6JvT4MLqOY4MUPwmogmB8OORQ1xqU70bcdGwfJ92rtvY_p31lKRhyNGHrncItquz5atqQs5MSd-oEpOOID </a></div><div><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-origins-of-fettuccine_b_4590831?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAbYkFZ25_Eb0wggaMlgTGZZweGXp7qda8YG6k-3N02DZaqTUAKA6JvT4MLqOY4MUPwmogmB8OORQ1xqU70bcdGwfJ92rtvY_p31lKRhyNGHrncItquz5atqQs5MSd-oEpOOID"> (Links to an external site.)</a></div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-origins-of-fettuccine_b_4590831?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tLw&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAAbYkFZ25_Eb0wggaMlgTGZZweGXp7qda8YG6k-3N02DZaqTUAKA6JvT4MLqOY4MUPwmogmB8OORQ1xqU70bcdGwfJ92rtvY_p31lKRhyNGHrncItquz5atqQs5MSd-oEpOOID"> (Links to an external site.)</a>XdES1SleuHKCfZommMa5J7T8uzC2ozK_AAANt</div><div><strong><br></strong><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://theromanfoodie.com/rome-food-blog/culture-food/fettuccine-alfredo-authentic-italian/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-03 22:09:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/719588224</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Virginia, USA (Nimita Deshpande)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720203380</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was "Food Stamps", written by Shirlette Ammons, who is a black female poet. I chose to write about tobacco owing to the author's mention of her desire to "chew bacca and dip snuff" (Ammons 12). Interestingly, tobacco itself has a history strongly rooted in colonial America, slavery, and oppression. The early English colonizers of Virginia, who were first introduced to tobacco by John Rolfe, began to mass produce tobacco and eventually transformed it into a profitable commodity. The soil degradation caused by growing these crops prompted the westward expansion of the colonizers in order to search for new land. This created conflict with Native Americans, who had in fact been using tobacco for religious purposes long before its mass production and commodification. Despite numerous rebellions by the Native Americans they were suppressed by the colonizers and forced to subside. Since tobacco was an extremely labor-intensive crop and the global demand for tobacco was steadily increasing, successful plantation owners began to import hundreds of thousands of African slaves for labor, thus accelerating the institution of slavery in the US which would take several years to abolish. Given the highly problematic history of tobacco, it is possible that the utilization of tobacco for recreational purposes in the poem could signify the poet not only liberating herself from the financial hardships in her life but also embracing her unique and powerful identity as a black woman. In other words, the poet’s desire to consume tobacco could be seen as a symbol of self-empowerment and rebellion against all oppression, which is why I believe it is a significant moment in the poem.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/tobacco_in_colonial_virginia#start_entry" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 05:05:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720203380</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kayla Watanabe Massachusetts, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720516585</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 10:38:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720516585</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Italy</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720582330</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 11:56:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720582330</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Massachusetts, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720677338</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>For the “place” that “Backbone”, by Caroline Randall Williams, took place in, I choose Massachusettes, USA for many reasons. First of all, the poem describes a hearty, African American grandmother with cancer from the eyes of her enamoured granddaughter. Considering how some of the recipes listed on the menu that the narrator’s cousin remembers include “shrimp” and “potatoes”, the poem likely takes place on the coast (where shellfish is available for catching and potatoes are available for shipping from Europe). In addition, if this poem were to take place in an older time period (say, the 50’s) then the “place” would have to be a more northern state, where racism was less prominent. The 50’s was the pre-Civil Rights era. With the chemo bag that the grandmother had, she would not have been able to access that without being treated at least fairly equally to whites. Finally, the grandmother had clearly been to hell and back for whatever she had been through. Arguably, the most distiinguishable quote from the poem is “Cancer? Hell”, making one of the most deadly, incurable diseases seem like a small inconvenience. To her, cancer was the least of her problems, so I would not be surprised if she had encountered some harsh racism in her years growing older.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27501240" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 12:54:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720677338</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Italy(Draft)- Eric Xu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720697591</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Today, I will be using a location from the poem “Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade”, written by Greg Brownderville.</div><div> </div><div> In the poem, there is a person who brings lonza and garlic bread to school. Lonza is from Italy and is similar to “lunch meat” here in the United States. I chose Italy because it is where the food (garlic bread and Lonza) is prepared/origin.</div><div> </div><div>A little background about Lonza (Lonza stagionata in Italian)---</div><div> It is smoked and salted(which is very common in many Mediterranean dishes). Lonza is like a sausage in a way that it has the same salty flavor, but the slices are cut more thinnly. Lonza is from Italy, where people take pork and process it and turns into a “lunch meat”. </div><div> </div><div>I also chose Italy because Italy is also the main reason of the conflict in the poem. In the poem, the poet writes, “Same day, Miss Snodgrass take Splendi’s sack lunch, homemade garlic bread and lonza, set it outside the window.” The reason why the teacher placed Splendi’s lunch on the window is that she cannot stand Italian food (mainly the smell) because it is possible that she dislikes Italian immigrants or their culture. This action causes many of the children to laugh at the other Italian children in the class and calls them derogatory names (making fun of their Italian heritage). Italian food serves as the focal point between the argument between Carlo and his teacher over the food and the aroma. The teacher enrages Carlo, which results in Carlo breaking the glass window. </div><div> </div><div>In short, Italy is important in this poem because it is the origin of the food stated in the poem, and it also provides the conflict between the protagonist and the teacher over Italian food/culture. </div><div> </div><div>Info about the link- Over lonza</div><div>Website is an Italian store (Already in English) </div><div>It provides you with nice pictures, nutrients, and some addition info about Lonza. You can even buy some if you are hungry. <br>(sorry about the blank white square- click on it to go to the website)<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.agritenca.it/en/shop/lonza-stagionata-cured-lonza/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 13:02:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720697591</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Vidalia, GA, USA-John Landrum</title>
         <author>jlandrum31</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720735876</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was "Fanny Says How to Make Potato Salad" by Nickole Brown. I picked Vidalia, Georgia, to focus on the onions that are grown there. Fanny states in her potato salad recipe to "add one onion, chopped, and try to use a white one, especially them good old Vidalia onions, they not nearly as strong as the yella" (p. 22). Vidalia onions are known for their sweet taste compared to other onions, allowing them to be used in a variety of recipes. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.vidaliaonion.org/about-vidalia-onions/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 13:16:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720735876</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Havana, Cuba (Jedidah Titus)</title>
         <author>jtitus32</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720760474</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/castro-cuban-exiles-america/">CUBAN EXILE</a><br>1.     Cuba is relevant to understanding the poem “Mangos, Number 61” because it was the ancestral home of Richard Blanco’s family, despite the poem being set in Miami. The main reason they were driven out of Cuba was the Communist Revolution led by Fidel Castro. Due to the changes in Cuban government, which many disagreed with, and the negative changes to the lifestyles of many, people left Cuba in droves. Some went directly to the US, while others, such as Blanco family, went to other places before their roads led them to the US. Despite leaving the country of Cuba for political reasons, they still miss that place, as the heart cannot help what it longs for. For many of them, Cuba was the place they grew up, the place they found love, and the place they raised a family and forged friendships. Cuba was, and will still be, the true home for that generation. Blanco and his generation, however, will feel a weaker tie to Cuba because they did not grow up there; nonetheless, they can still tie themselves to the land and culture by claiming Cuban descent. Regardless, the story of his life, and the life of his parents and grandparents, is tied to the country, regardless of its fate.</div><div>In adding the source of “Cuba” from the Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia by Hanna Garth to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing another written/electronic point demonstrating that the consumption of mangos and other fruit aided in the construction of cohesive community groups in Cuba. This then became a practice Cuban expatriates engaged in while they lived outside of Cuba.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208666&amp;tocid=b-9781474208666-001352" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 13:24:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720760474</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>jtitus32</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720761247</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/castro-cuban-exiles-america/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 13:24:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720761247</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pendleton County, WV, USA - Hongze Khor</title>
         <author>hkhor6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720914357</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The location I chose from the poem “The Sacred and the Bread” by Sarah Loudin Thomas was Pendleton County, West Virginia. Although the poem never explicitly mentions a location, several descriptions give a good idea of where the narrator is. The biography of the author, Sarah Loudin Thomas, mentions that she grew up on a farm in West Virginia and that her Christian fiction is primarily set in West Virginia, which makes it plausible that “The Sacred and the Bread” is also set in West Virginia. The description of the setting supports this location, describing a “kitchen/bathed in sunlight at the bottom/of a mountain where a creek… flows all year long” (5-7). The mountain plausibly refers to the one of the Appalachian mountains, which are the only major mountain range in the Eastern United States. West Virginia is the only state completely covered by the Appalachian mountains, making it more likely to be the setting of the poem. Additionally, a central theme of the poem is the allusion to a verse in the Bible: Matthew 4:3. The verse states that the devil tried to tempt Jesus by telling him to turn stones into bread, and the poem focuses on the importance of bread to the narrator’s faith and memories. Many religious allusions are made, including using terms such as “son of Man” (4), “communion” (13), and “the Word” (21), which would be familiar to a Christian audience. In fact, Christianity is the dominant religion in the United States and in West Virginia, the 7th most religious state according to the Pew Research center, religion would have been a central facet of life like it is presented in the poem. At the end of the poem, Thomas makes a parting joke that what the devil needed to seduce Jesus “was a spoon and a jar of apple butter” (28). This supports West Virginia as a likely location, as they even have an apple butter festival in Berkeley Springs in the eastern part of the state!</div><div>	I chose Pendleton County specifically because based on a physical map of West Virginia, it borders the highest portions of the Appalachian mountain range on the east, close to the apple butter festival. Also, the county website, pendletoncounty.net, describes the county as a “rural, scenic landscape of forested mountains and fertile valleys at the headwaters of the South Branch of the Potomac River”, which could account for the creek and mountain described. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://pendletoncounty.net" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 14:12:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720914357</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>hkhor6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720915862</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The location I chose from the poem “The Sacred and the Bread” by Sarah Loudin Thomas was Pendleton County, West Virginia. Although the poem never explicitly mentions a location, several descriptions give a good idea of where the narrator is. The biography of the author, Sarah Loudin Thomas, mentions that she grew up on a farm in West Virginia and that her Christian fiction is primarily set in West Virginia, which makes it plausible that “The Sacred and the Bread” is also set in West Virginia. The description of the setting supports this location, describing a “kitchen/bathed in sunlight at the bottom/of a mountain where a creek… flows all year long” (5-7). The mountain plausibly refers to the one of the Appalachian mountains, which are the only major mountain range in the Eastern United States. West Virginia is the only state completely covered by the Appalachian mountains, making it more likely to be the setting of the poem. Additionally, a central theme of the poem is the allusion to a verse in the Bible: Matthew 4:3. The verse states that the devil tried to tempt Jesus by telling him to turn stones into bread, and the poem focuses on the importance of bread to the narrator’s faith and memories. Many religious allusions are made, including using terms such as “son of Man” (4), “communion” (13), and “the Word” (21), which would be familiar to a Christian audience. In fact, Christianity is the dominant religion in the United States and in West Virginia, the 7th most religious state according to the Pew Research center, religion would have been a central facet of life like it is presented in the poem. At the end of the poem, Thomas makes a parting joke that what the devil needed to seduce Jesus “was a spoon and a jar of apple butter” (28). This supports West Virginia as a likely location, as they even have an apple butter festival in Berkeley Springs in the eastern part of the state!
	I chose Pendleton County specifically because based on a physical map of West Virginia, it borders the highest portions of the Appalachian mountain range on the east, close to the apple butter festival. Also, the county website, pendletoncounty.net, describes the county as a “rural, scenic landscape of forested mountains and fertile valleys at the headwaters of the South Branch of the Potomac River”, which could account for the creek and mountain described. 
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 14:12:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/720915862</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Copenhagen, Denmark- McKenna Trapheagen</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721003477</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Centered around emotional connections to the beauty of sound, my poem was “Jubilee” by Gabrielle Calvocoressi. The joys of community and fellowship are accentuated in the warm light of Mobile, AL spirit. Opening with a musical celebration of “hubcaps” and “trash can lid[s],” the piece moves into a nostalgic frame of mind as the speaker reflects on the sensory details of their grandfather’s Cadillac. I chose Copenhagen, Denmark for the serene, marshy scene that this poem paints in my imagination during every read. While I could have easily chosen the saltwater marshes of Mobile, I selected the Dousbad Swamp of Copenhagen for my nostalgic attachment. Much like the speaker, the work evokes a strong reminiscence of my childhood. When I first read the description of “katydids” and “bottom feeders,” I was reminded of the iconic “Kiss the Girl” scene from Disney’s <em>The Little Mermaid</em>. In the film, the creatures work together to craft a lovely melody out of unlikely instruments, similar to the creative harmonies in the poem. As a child, I adored this movie and had the opportunity to play Princess Ariel in my elementary drama club production. While there is no concrete setting of the cartoon, many have speculated the original book was set in Copenhagen, Denmark where author, Hans Christian Andersen, wrote and published the tale. Tucked away in this stunning capital is Deer Park, home to the lush, mysterious Dousbad Swamp. Stout alder trees and emerald moss blanket the wetland with whimsy. Bonded to the poem’s imagery and nostalgic power, the Dousbad Swamp of Copenhagen could be a second home to the “soulful sound[s]” of Calvocoressi’s melodic composition.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://blog.arousingappetites.com/fiskefilet-danish-open-faced-fish-sandwich-remoulade/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 14:38:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721003477</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Low Country, SC, USA: Ella Petry</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721036025</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The poem that I was assigned was “Drill” by Atsuro Riley. This poem is about the narrator and his mother traveling in their car to the Low Country Fair. In the back of the car there are jars of jam and pickled vegetables that will be entered into a competition. <br><br></div><div>I picked this location because it is the location of where the Fair takes place and is therefore probably where the narrator lives. The poem also references many details that would relate itself to this region. In the beginning, the narrator describes the driveway as a “maze of red dirt”. This red dirt describes the red clay that is present in states such as South Caroline and Georgia.<br><br></div><div> The poem also describes food that would link itself to this region. The back of the narrator’s car is filled with “a freight of gem-flame jelly-jars and payload of pressure-torqued pickle-jars”. Jelly and pickling are staples of Southern and Lowcountry cuisine as they are both great ways to preserve the bountiful produce that the region provides. While people will can and pickle almost any fresh produce, some popular combinations for the region include, okra, fig, peaches and tomatoes. <br><br></div><div>As stated in the poem pickling and canning in the South is so popular that it is common at county and state fairs to have competitions on who has the best pickled vegetables or the most flavorful jelly. The mother’s hopeful nature of the competition can be seen in the last sentences of the poem, “Do you reckon tomorrow they’ll put my picture in the paper?” Rather than a normal competition, these fairs, like Low Country Fair described in the poem, mean a lot to the people that enter into them because they are a reflection of the person that prepares them and the passed down recipes that are used to make them. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://firstwefeast.com/eat/2015/05/illustrated-history-of-lowcountry-cuisine" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 14:47:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721036025</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>China - Aidan Russell-McCorkle</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721077987</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Savannah Crabs by Adrienne Su </div><div>The reason I chose this location is because the Author mentions Chinese characters when discussing the future death of her grandmother: “She does not think of her mother; who’ll die this fall under pink bedclothes without a goodnight; the eyelets of her gown will spell the Chinese words for <em>loneliness, lovelessness, white birds</em>.” This is more of a surface level reason to pick this location, but in my opinion, this poem doesn’t use locations to explore the foreshadowing of family dysfunction, which seems to be the purpose of the poem as a whole. This, however, is not related very much to food, and the part of the poem that is, are the crabs which we know from the title are from Savannah, Georgia. When exploring Su’s background and other works, I found that while she was born in Atlanta, her family immigrated from China sometime in the 1950s. There is another work of Su’s titled “Things Chinese” where she explains how she felt that her parents were becoming typical American citizens and letting their culture fall by the wayside while Su herself wanted to embrace that culture yet really struggled to growing up when are where she did. Bringing that back to Savannah Crabs, and this might be a bit of a stretch, but it could be that the crabs are causing some of that family dysfunction. Some evidence for this is that the crabs speak to the author, saying, among other things, “<em>You’ll ache; you’ll smother; you’ll never be able to talk to each other</em>.”, so the author may be experiencing some internal conflict because these aren’t just crabs, they’re Savannah crabs, so Su might feel like this is another instance where her family is ignoring their background whereas she wants to embrace it.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/10/should-immigration-require-assimilation/406759/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 14:59:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721077987</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>China - Aidan Russell-McCorkle</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721079434</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Savannah Crabs by Adrienne Su 

The reason I chose this location is because the Author mentions Chinese characters when discussing the future death of her grandmother: “She does not think of her mother; who’ll die this fall under pink bedclothes without a goodnight; the eyelets of her gown will spell the Chinese words for loneliness, lovelessness, white birds.” This is more of a surface level reason to pick this location, but in my opinion, this poem doesn’t use locations to explore the foreshadowing of family dysfunction, which seems to be the purpose of the poem as a whole. This, however, is not related very much to food, and the part of the poem that is, are the crabs which we know from the title are from Savannah, Georgia. When exploring Su’s background and other works, I found that while she was born in Atlanta, her family immigrated from China sometime in the 1950s. There is another work of Su’s titled “Things Chinese” where she explains how she felt that her parents were becoming typical American citizens and letting their culture fall by the wayside while Su herself wanted to embrace that culture yet really struggled to growing up when are where she did. Bringing that back to Savannah Crabs, and this might be a bit of a stretch, but it could be that the crabs are causing some of that family dysfunction. Some evidence for this is that the crabs speak to the author, saying, among other things, “You’ll ache; you’ll smother; you’ll never be able to talk to each other.”, so the author may be experiencing some internal conflict because these aren’t just crabs, they’re Savannah crabs, so Su might feel like this is another instance where her family is ignoring their background whereas she wants to embrace it.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 15:00:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721079434</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Blacksburg, VA, USA - Anuj Kadakia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721079577</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The location I chose for the poem "Pesach in Blacksburg" by Erika Meitner is Blacksburg, Virginia. This location is not only in the name of the poem, but it is also referenced through the poem. The narrator states that "Pesach in Blacksburg is a complication, an exile." There is a large feeling of isolation and separation in this poem. The entirety of it focuses on the preparation and celebration of Passover as well as Seder Passover, a ritual feast. The narrator and his family found themselves feeling a bit lost without a real community around to celebrate in the same way. Regardless of this, they keep their morals and "let all who are hungry come and eat." By following the words of the Haggadah, they keep their enthusiasm and excitement maintained. I considered other related locations that pertain to Jewish culture and Passover in general, but the true setting of this poem resides in Blacksburg. This feeling of a lack of community could be evoked in many different locations. It was not so much about the Virignia setting, but more about the feelings associated with it. The experience of having a supportive community around can turn the tides of any events. It is important to feel the warmth and company that are linked with a sense of community. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/holidays/articles/spending-the-seder-alone" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 15:00:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721079577</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fredericksburg, TX, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721146542</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 15:18:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721146542</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721147279</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Going For Peaches, Fredericksburg, Texas - Naomi Shihab Nye
In this fun and surprisingly poignant poem about the experience of finding fresh food and about the memories collected as time passes. The writer shares a story of some ladies and a friend who are on a mission to find the very best peaches around Fredericksburg but end up using that as an excuse to enjoy themselves in their last days of summer. I didn’t just pick this location because it is the setting of the poem, though; I mainly chose it because of how similar the town is to where I grew up. I could relate to much of the poem in that regard, especially because of the many experiences I’ve had on farms and around fresh food being grown and sold. As I have begun to grow up and move away from my hometown, it is even more meaningful to me when Nye reflects on those experiences and acknowledges the memories that were made as she writes, “Everything we have learned so far, the stages of ripening alive in our skins, on a day that is real to us, that was summer, motion going out and memory coming in”.  Those memories I’ve made from going out and finding food from locals for no other reason than to have a good time are some of the most powerful ones I have. The related link I attached gives a bit more of a scientific understanding as to why that is the case and references a few other sources as well. Essentially, eating is such a multisensory experience that more areas of the brain are stimulated and more connections are drawn, plus those memories are typically associated with other nostalgic thoughts like one’s hometown, parents, siblings, etc.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 15:19:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721147279</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fredericksburg, TX, USA - John Schmidt</title>
         <author>johnschmidt241</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721163777</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Going For Peaches, Fredericksburg, Texas - Naomi Shihab Nye</div><div>In this fun and surprisingly poignant poem about the experience of finding fresh food and about the memories collected as time passes. The writer shares a story of some ladies and a friend who are on a mission to find the very best peaches around Fredericksburg but end up using that as an excuse to enjoy themselves in their last days of summer. I didn’t just pick this location because it is the setting of the poem, though; I mainly chose it because of how similar the town is to where I grew up. I could relate to much of the poem in that regard, especially because of the many experiences I’ve had on farms and around fresh food being grown and sold. As I have begun to grow up and move away from my hometown, it is even more meaningful to me when Nye reflects on those experiences and acknowledges the memories that were made as she writes, “Everything we have learned so far, the stages of ripening alive in our skins, on a day that is real to us, that was summer, motion going out and memory coming in”.  Those memories I’ve made from going out and finding food from locals for no other reason than to have a good time are some of the most powerful ones I have. The related link I attached gives a bit more of a scientific understanding as to why that is the case and references a few other sources as well. Essentially, eating is such a multisensory experience that more areas of the brain are stimulated and more connections are drawn, plus those memories are typically associated with other nostalgic thoughts like one’s hometown, parents, siblings, etc.</div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/power-of-food-memories_n_5908b1d7e4b02655f8413610" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 15:23:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721163777</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fujian Province (Juliette Hartmann)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721252724</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was Such As by Wo Chan. Wo Chan was born in the Fujian Province in China. They immigrated to the United States as a child, but lost their citizenship by the age that they were able to vote. They are fighting against being deported, while also facing the challenges of being a queer, non binary minority. Chan is both a poet and a drag queen, and they express their life challenges through both of these forms of art. They show pride in their Asian descent in their poetry. "it touches me to learn again and again, that this is my body, my dear and only body,one lovely chink in the whole damn night." Throughout the poem Chan continually mentions objects that are yellow: macaroni, dandelion, school bus, yolk, butter, ripe lemon, dry urine, porch light, dull gold, and fried blond. This is a nuance to his being asian. Despite racist undertones, Chan decides to refer to himself as both “yellow” and “chink” in his poetry. Though one can only speculate as his true intentions behind making use of such verbiage, it could be a form of acknowledging the racism that he faces so that he can move past it. Even so, the poem “Such As” shows Chan's respect and reverence for their father. They say that their father “held me like an egg”. This suggests that their father was tending and gentile- a steady presence in their life. I chose the Fujian Province in China as a location because if Wo Chan had not been born there, his poetry, including such works as “Such As”, would have much different influences and undertones.</div><div><a href="https://apogeejournal.org/2015/09/23/the-fujianese-are-badasses-an-interview-with-wo-chan/">https://apogeejournal.org/2015/09/23/the-fujianese-are-badasses-an-interview-with-wo-chan/ </a></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 15:48:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721252724</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>San Francisco, CA, USA,  Dalton Lott </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721259232</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In <em>Easy</em> by Ed Madden he describes scenes of different locations in rapid succession. This change of location varies from a rural middle-of-nowhere type of area, quickly to a place of chaos, destruction, and natural disaster, all the way back to a comforting homely scene. For my location, I decided to focus on the description of a disastrous landscape. In this description, Madden notes “we see people losing homes,/ roads closed, rivers flooding, a tornado/ somewhere”(Madden). This narration guides my mind to memories of news channels reporting frequent floods and storms, massive wildfires, and even earthquakes, all making their home in the great state of California. I was unsure whether my interpretation of the true frequency of disasters in California was derived from news sources or moreso movies and things of fiction. Upon further research, I found that the frequency of natural disasters I perceived was very close to reality, as they are consistently subjected to either flooding or fires due to their poorly established laws regarding their ecosystem protections. They also get blindsided by relatively unpredictable storms and earthquakes due to their slightly more than unlucky positioning on the globe. According to records of the California Legislature’s Nonpartisan Fiscal and Policy Advisor: “In the period 1950-2017, the Governor made 309 State of Emergency declarations, about 40 percent were related to floods and about 30 percent of which were related to fires.” In the way that many movies and videos regarding natural disaster view California as an optimal setting due to its historically destructible tendencies, I too interpreted my poem’s description of chaos as taking place in California.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3918#:~:text=Portions%20of%20the%20State%20Are%20at%20High%20Risk%20of%20Destructive,and%20density%20of%20local%20forests." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 15:49:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721259232</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Memphis, TN, USA, Saikrishna Manojkumar</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721337162</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Because Men Do What They Want to Do  by: TJ Jarrett<br><br>Memphis, Tennessee is relevant to understanding the poem “Because Men Do What They Want to Do” by TJ Jarrett because of the deep connection Memphis has with soul food. In this poem, the author tells her experience as a newlywed as she interacts with her aunts while they cook dinner. During this experience, her aunts informs her of the duties that a woman has including to cook and to clean and take care of her husband. However, the aunts stress that the wife should not be too subservient to the wife by explaining, “But once in a while, pick up a plate, like so. Throw it down”. That power that they held was further explained when they started laughing in the kitchen, and all the husbands quickly left their football table to try and see what they were laughing about. Along with this message, embedded in this poem is an illustration of the culture that is prevalent in the southern United States, especially among African Americans and their style of cooking known as soul food. The ingredients described in this poem as “my hands heavy with corn for shucking. The sink filled with plucked greens for cleaning”, help illustrate the southern rural charm that is associated with soul food. One city known for soul food is Memphis, Tennessee where its barbecue, which is a staple meal in soul food, is known across the country. This city is known as one of the soul food centers in the country where many people can come and enjoy that fresh home style cooking that was displayed in this poem. Memphis, along with many other cities, provide a great exposure to those not familiar with soul food and those who wish to explore this style of cooking. This poem, along with illustrating the family culture and gender dynamics in the rural south, also provide an introduction to the great style of food enjoyed in the southern United States.  </div><div>In adding the source of, “Where Soul Food Really Comes From” by Sam Worley, to this pin, it increases the multi-modal rhetorical situation for readers by given an written form of communication that emphasizes the importance the soul food has in southern culture and by tracing through the impact that the culture that the slaves brought with them had on the development of soul food. This adds a relevant layer in helping people understand the importance of soul food in the south and its development over time.<br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/real-history-of-soul-food-article" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 16:11:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721337162</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Marianna, FL- Andrew Smith DRAFT</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721394194</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The location I chose for the poem “Times Like These: Marianna, Florida” by L. Lamar Wilson is, of course, Marianna, Florida. It is a small, rural community with a historically-sizable agricultural dependence. The poem is set on a struggling farm on Old US Road, a path into and out of town that farmers would use to transport their crops to wealthier markets. The reason I selected this location, aside from it being the main setting, is because it is crucial in portraying the common hardships of rural, agrarian communities. The main characters of the poem cannot find a reliable source of food, not because they are unskilled farmers, but due to reasons beyond their control. They wait “from dusk till dusk”, but “still no rain” comes to water their crops. Consequently, they resort to eating what they can find in order to survive. Had this poem occurred in a location with closer proximity to a large city, the characters would be less likely to have endured such a problem, as they would have more options regarding available sources of food. However, Marianna is not very close to any cities, with the nearest one (Tallahassee) being over an hour-long drive away. As such, the characters must rely on their harvest to sustain them, resulting in their struggling when crops fail. Marianna is not the only rural farming community in the world, but it certainly fits the criteria of being considered as one. The struggles felt in such communities worldwide are felt in Marianna, making it a perfect setting for Wilson’s message.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://moveforhunger.org/food-insecurity-affecting-rural-america" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 16:27:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721394194</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sheffield, UK - Tanay Neotia</title>
         <author>tneotia3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721427696</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Location: Great Britain/Sheffield</div><div>Poem: Sleeping Like Silverware by Devon Brenner</div><div><br>Sheffield, United Kingdom is relevant to our understanding of the poem <em>Sleeping Like Silverware</em> by Devon Brenner. The poem draws a parallel between life in the South and silverware in the dishwasher, two very different things that somehow can be used to describe each other. The main image in the poem is one of silverware, and thus Sheffield is important because affordable silverware was invented there. Silverware was originally invented to be sophisticated and calm, as an alternative to having hands “tangled” and “ensnarled” in food like cavemen. However, most metals react with food in unpleasant ways. A few hundred years ago, scientists had only discovered gold to be the exception to this phenomenon, and as a result, silverware became an item for the wealthy. Thus, silverware became associated with sophistication, riches, and elegance. This all changed in the early 20th century, when a Sheffield metallurgist discovered that stainless steel did not leave an unpleasant taste when put into one’s mouth. This revolutionized cutlery, as now the masses could use affordable, durable silverware. Now, since the majority of people had access to silverware, anyone who “jostled” their hands in food was looked down upon as uncivilized. With all this in mind, I had a deeper understanding of the poem, because normally we don’t associate silverware with being “jostled”, “tangled”, and “blasted”, but instead cool, fancy, and organized. The difference helped me realize that most would expect life to be pretty good in the South, but in reality it is not so great, just like we associate positive qualities with silverware rather than the negative qualities portrayed in the poem.<br><br></div><div><br>In adding the “Set of six knives” picture to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing an image of the class and sophistication that silverware was associated with before Sheffield began producing the affordable silverware the majority of the world benefits from today. One can see how silverware was treated as a luxury item, as the image shows a small silverware set laid perfectly in a velvet and leather box.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/237849" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 16:37:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721427696</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Alabama, USA (Jacob Svedberg)</title>
         <author>jsvedberg3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721752097</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>“Cook” by Kelly Norman Ellis</div><div>The “deep south” is the first general area my brain goes to after reading this poem. Slavery was a massive part of southern economic and cultural life back in the 18th century, and words such as “buckra” and “when I’m free” support the notion that this poem is buried in the southeastern United States. Also, I pinned a location very far away from any major city. Most likely, the poem takes place on a plantation in the middle of rural Alabama where the slave woman has “a small patch of something where I [she] grow okra and tomatoes...” Placing the poem in such a centralized spot reinforces the content and message of the poem. The lady is a chef for the household, most likely the white family who owns the plantation, and she sees no pleasure in being stuck there. She believes her skills are more gifted than a rural plantation and should be displayed on a national scale. Her aspirations can be inferred from “the name I will give myself when I’m free Mariah Cook(e).” Ellis writes about the wife taking credit for her cooking, “seasoned with my tongue hand and tenderness…” Another reason why dropping the location in a southern slave state where whites dehumanized African Americans were attempting to take everything away from them morally, emotionally, and physically. Alabama is as rooted as Georgia, South Carolina, and Mississippi regarding historical pro-slavery ideas. What took me over the edge and chose Alabama was the social relation to slavery that everyone across the country has with Alabama. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/10/01/496104487/this-historian-wants-you-to-know-the-real-story-of-southern-food" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 18:13:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721752097</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>India; Shih-Huan (Ryan) Chou</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721872325</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The poem that I read was <em>Canned Memories</em> by Frank X Walker. It describes a scenery of “grandmothers” watching a black laborer or slave work in the fields while they recalled their past of processing crops that were harvested concluding with a mocking remark on city dwellers. One particularly interesting word choice to describe the hot weather was the use of “Indian Summer”, a type of weather where the air is still and unpleasantly warm that sometimes happens during autumn. The mention of India confused me greatly at first because India never really had close ties to America in the past. However, I quickly noticed that the “Indian” that the poem is referring to are Native Americans and that its use was most likely quite deliberate to highlight the multi-culture nature of America and the confusion and cultural shock that ensued because of American diversity. I think that the connection of this piece to India is synonymous to how I am connected to India: not connected at all to it. It is a testament to the complexity of a coalition of different perspectives looking at the same event and the impossibility to find a concrete truth to the events of this world. Coincidentally, origins of “Indian Summer” is a mystery in by itself, just driving home the point that as humans we stereotype and generalize differently. As Achebe said in <strong>Things Fall Apart</strong>, “there is no story that is not true… the world has no end, and what is good among one people is an abomination with others”. The consequence of a multi-cultured society is that of destined confusion if people refuse to set aside their animosities and work to create a more accurate and agreed upon truth. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009005228/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/dtx/stories/i-summer.php" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 18:54:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721872325</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hispaniola: Vedaant Shah (Not an actual pin for the final draft, just a post from one of the original assignments)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721877172</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was the "The Gospel of Barbecue" by Honorée Fanonne Jeffers, and I picked Hispaniola as the location for my poem because of its relation to barbecue food. The poem never gave any explicit location for its setting, but it is focused on the struggles that many slaves went through to prevent starvation. They often ate the uncleanliest parts of an animal, such as the head and blood, which often led to severe health consequences later in life. Despite this, the poem mentions the passion which emerged from the necessity to survive, as many African American slaves began to experiment with a variety of seasonings and spices in cooking this food with a barbecue style. Because the slaves were essentially eating the parts of the animal that their masters chose to throw away, the author describes how "the pink flesh is tasteless until you add onions garlic black pepper tomatoes soured apple cider." Even though the primary purpose of eating such inedible food was survival rather than pleasure, the slaves still attempted to add flavor and taste, which led to the popularity of barbecue food in the modern world.</div><div> </div><div> </div><div>Because barbecue is a cooking technique brought from the Caribbean through the Atlantic slave trade from Africa, I chose this location to represent this poem. Specifically, the cooking technique comes from the Taino tribe of Hispaniola. When slaves from Africa were taken to islands in the Caribbean and eventually to the American continent, they brought with them the many traditions from both Africa and the islands. I have attached an article to this post that details the process of how the barbecue cooking technique gained popularity in the Americas after being transported from the Caribbean. Through the passion which stemmed from the necessity to survive as shown in the poem, barbecue became the food icon it is today. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-evolution-of-american-barbecue-13770775/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 18:56:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721877172</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Iowa, USA (Cody Kaminsky)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721912547</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>     I chose Iowa because it is the state in the United states that slaughters the most pigs in a single year. The poem does not outright mention Iowa, but because it was mostly about the slaughtering of a pig, I thought Iowa was a location that could add to my understanding of the poem. This location is beneficial in understanding the poem because the large quantity of slaughtering is a result of the farmers sending off their pigs to the slaughterhouses. In the poem, it is different. Instead, the person that cares for the pig is the one that had to kill it and process it. The character in the poem was very close to the pig as expressed by the first stanza when the author wrote, “Do you remember how close you were to her”. This is then contrasted in the second part of the poem when the author wrote, “Gather her organs up into your arms”. While it is evident that the person cares about the pig, they must kill and take out the organs of the pig despite their concern for it. This connection to the pig that is slaughtered is not seen in Iowa where they kill the pigs in mass quantities.<br><br></div><div>    As consumers of meat, we rarely see the actual killing of our food, but this person that is close to the pig must kill it so that they can sell its meat. Currently we do feel the emotions that the character in the poem is feeling because of our mental separation of the food we eat and the animals it comes from. Slaughterhouses like the ones in Iowa are making this separation worse for us because they are making the distinction between an animal and its meat greater. It has gotten to the point that the farmers that care for the pigs do not even have to do the slaughtering of pigs. Instead slaughterhouses take the animals and kill them in mass quantities. <br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://theintercept.com/2020/05/29/pigs-factory-farms-ventilation-shutdown-coronavirus/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 19:10:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721912547</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Appalachian Mountains- Nikhil Nandikanti</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721998969</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem, “Singing to Make Butter Come” by Robert Morgan, provides an interesting take on the process of making butter from milk in a very detailed manner, with all the potential challenges that may be faced which are seemingly fixed with the simple solution of singing to the butter churn. A repeated word Morgan uses is “clabber” which refers to a form of sour milk that has a thick texture. The word is used in the poem to indicate an unwanted product of the butter-making process as “clabber yields no butter” (6). Morgan also references it as the audience, as one sings “to the crock of clabber” (12), which turns into butter after being serenaded. The word, clabber, is a derivative of ‘bonnyclabber’ which has Irish roots. The food is common to the South but it was originally introduced by Irish migrants who traveled down from the North along the Appalachian mountains. These Appalachian migrant groups were a contributor to Southern food culture which is why I chose the Appalachian mountain range, the general path along which migration occurred, as my location. The range is not only a path by which Southern food culture was evolved, but also a symbolic connection between the Southern, middle, and Northern regions of the United States. More personally, it is also a symbolic and physical connection between New Jersey, where I live, and the Southern states. Additionally, I connected the poem to the Appalachians from one of the potential problems with butter-making that the poem suggests: air pressure being too low. It is commonly known that as altitude increases, such as in a mountain range, air pressure decreases.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Scots-Irish-migration_fig1_257770145" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 19:50:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/721998969</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Carrollton, GA - Matthew Wright</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722021774</link>
         <description><![CDATA[In her poem “Ode to the Avocado,” Melissa Dickson connects the imperfect lifespan of an avocado to human life. The piece shifts from having a depressing tone to becoming rather optimistic, displaying themes of self-reflection and self-improvement. While Dickson never mentions any type of location in the poem, connecting the text to certain places around the globe can provide the reader with additional insight into the author’s intentions. When reading Melissa Dickson’s biography, I found out that she teaches at the University of West Georgia in the city of Carrollton. Carrollton is by no means an avocado Mecca, as most of Georgia’s terrain is unsuitable for effective avocado production. In fact, the large majority of avocados in the world are grown in parts of Mexico that are close to the equator. In my opinion, this disconnect between Dickson’s home and the source of avocados provides some necessary ambiguity to the poem, allowing the avocado-human metaphor to resonate with a wide range of audiences. One of the resounding messages of the poem is that we all inevitably have imperfections, and that all we can do about it love ourselves regardless and try to improve. Dickson conveys this message very clearly in the lines, “let me love myself as I love [the avocado], cursed though we are by these imperfect margins.” In terms of location, the lack of a relationship between the avocado and Dickson’s home of Carrollton makes this theme work in the poem. In the beginning of the piece, Dickson calls the avocado “an unyielding block of sun-forged clay,” a phrase which could also be used to describe the terrain of Carrollton. Although this city’s land and climate are imperfect for growing avocados, it is still a place to be loved.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.google.com" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 20:02:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722021774</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Carrollton, GA, USA - Matthew Wright</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722031443</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In her poem “Ode to the Avocado,” Melissa Dickson connects the imperfect lifespan of an avocado to human life. The piece shifts from having a depressing tone to becoming rather optimistic, displaying themes of self-reflection and self-improvement. While Dickson never mentions any type of location in the poem, connecting the text to certain places around the globe can provide the reader with additional insight into the author’s intentions. When reading Melissa Dickson’s biography, I found out that she teaches at the University of West Georgia in the city of Carrollton. Carrollton is by no means an avocado Mecca, as most of Georgia’s terrain is unsuitable for effective avocado production. In fact, the large majority of avocados in the world are grown in parts of Mexico that are close to the equator. In my opinion, this disconnect between Dickson’s home and the source of avocados provides some necessary ambiguity to the poem, allowing the avocado-human metaphor to resonate with a wide range of audiences. One of the resounding messages of the poem is that we all inevitably have imperfections, and that all we can do about it love ourselves regardless and try to improve. Dickson conveys this message very clearly in the lines, “let me love myself as I love [the avocado], cursed though we are by these imperfect margins.” In terms of location, the lack of a relationship between the avocado and Dickson’s home of Carrollton makes this theme work in the poem. In the beginning of the piece, Dickson calls the avocado “an unyielding block of sun-forged clay,” a phrase which could also be used to describe the terrain of Carrollton. Although this city’s land and climate are imperfect for growing avocados, it is still a place to be loved.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.statista.com/statistics/593211/global-avocado-production-by-country/#:~:text=Mexico%20harvested%20some%202.2%20million,top%20producer%20of%20avocados%20worldwide." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 20:08:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722031443</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Beirut, Lebanon Maya Howayek</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722060547</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Duck Confit by Gaylord Brewer. <br><br>I chose Christmas Eve in Beirut Lebanon,<br>because this particular poem reminds me of our Lebanese Christmas family gatherings, namely Christmas of 2015. It was the first Christmas after my grandmother had passed away; she was the one who usually cooked turkey dinner for the occasion, but that year, my mom took charge. I remember my mom and I sitting in the kitchen, reading through my grandma's recipes, following every step and remembering her; especially her smile. "Lift each thigh from overnight caress of garlic, fresh bay leaf, home harvested thyme" the instrucrtions read, and we followed through with the recipe without realizing that by doing so, her recipe was being passed down to generations, making it a traditional Christmas recipe. Braised poutlry of any kind takes me way back to when my grandmother used to prepare her signature, hearty dish in her welcoming, cozy home in Beirut. Christmas dinner of 2015 was very emotional because the whole family was gathered except for “teta”, as we would call a grandmother in Lebanon, but she lives on in our memories and through the turkey recipe she left behind.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.greatbritishchefs.com/recipes/christmas-turkey-recipe" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 20:24:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722060547</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New Orleans, LA, USA - Asim Baral</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722092278</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>“Curry” by Sheryl St. Germain<br><br>I picked New Orleans as a location for the poem because it is the presumed location of the setting. I came to this conclusion after reading some articles on Germain and saw that her work is largely influenced by New Orleans, as that is where she grew up. Also, the ingredients that she uses in the poem, turmeric, red pepper, cumin, coriander, nutmeg, etc. are frequently used in New Orleans cuisine. <br><br>But more importantly, I felt that knowing the culture and identity of New Orleans was vital to understanding the poem. Besides the amazing food that is packed with flavor, when people think of New Orleans, Mardi Gras usually comes to mind. Mardi Gras is a festival where people celebrate by wearing extravagant costumes and marching in the streets. I believe that this form of expression shows the individuality and uniqueness of everyone in the parade. In the poem, a woman is cooking food and simultaneously seducing a man. I found this interesting because, in today's society, men usually take control of a relationship but in the poem, a woman is taking control. Like for example when she says, "I want to pierce you, I want my hands to be full of you, of your eyes pretending a rope is wrapped around arms and legs." To me, this showed the individuality of the woman, just like how the participants of the Mardi Gras expressed their uniqueness, with costumes. With this, I felt that the identity of the woman was largely influenced by the culture of New Orleans and expressing one's individuality.<br><br>I also felt that New Orleans food and culture related to the experiences I have had in my life. From just the ingredients and the way that the narrator went about cooking the chicken, I felt very connected to the poem. This was surprising as I live in a household where everyone is from Nepal, a South Asian country, and we use the same ingredients and cooking methods every week. I read this poem hundreds of miles away from New Orleans at my house in Tallahassee, Florida. Even with this distance, I felt like I already knew the culture of New Orleans, which is also a big reason why I choose it. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.chowhound.com/food-news/199463/new-orleans-food-history/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 20:45:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722092278</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Perdue Blackberry Farms, Clopine Lake Road, Perry, GA, USA (Hannah Wysocki)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722170223</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Perdue Blackberry Farms in Perry, Georgia is relevant to us understanding the poem “Canning Memories” because of its connection to the southern context of the poem and the comparison of farm life and city living. In the poem, the speaker references “grandmothers… who called up… the secret location of the best blackberry patch.” They also use the term “city folk” and other more southern vernacular, which implies that the blackberry patch and farms mentioned were located in a southern rural town like Perry, Georgia. This blackberry farm is also relevant to the aspect of the poem that criticizes those who live in cities for never being in touch with the earth or regarding its condition. The final line states “if all city folk plant iz family ‘n friends alls dey gonna gets iz funerals,” and the poem as a whole comments on how much appreciation for nature is lost when one lives in the city and how much focus is not upon the future of the earth but rather upon the connections to others made right now. It emphasizes that people in the cities who do not grow food or plants do not witness the beauty of growing new life and do not have the same respect and fondness for the earth as those who cultivate it. Therefore, they do not think about the sustainability of their actions nor do they attempt to plant new ideas about how to sustainably live so that we have a future on this earth. This particular farm location is open to the public during certain times of the year for people to come from all over and pick their own blackberries. While this farm does not allow people from cities or surrounding suburbs to plant their own crops exactly, it does give “city folk” the chance to travel there and witness the harvest of these crops first hand, rather than interacting with their blackberries for the first time at a grocery store. It gives those who do not feel a strong bond with the earth and “sacred ground” the opportunity to see the beauty of new life grown from ground and perhaps inspire them to begin growing new life themselves. It may also inspire them to start living more sustainably and trying to do their part to reverse climate change. In addition, supporting local pick your own farms allows one to gain more information about the farm their food is coming from and ensure that they are using ethical methods and not polluting the earth with pesticides and other chemicals. In adding the source that discusses the benefits of picking your own fruit to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for the readers by offering first hand experiences of the connection to nature inspired by these farms and more information about their sustainability to possibly further encourage the reader to interact with these types of farms. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.sparkpeople.com/blog/blog.asp?post=6_reasons_to_visit_a_pickyourown_farm_this_summer" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 21:48:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722170223</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>South Carolina, USA -- Joshua Brient</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722194233</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem is “Cook” by Kelly Norman Ellis. For my location, I chose South Carolina because this state is related to both of the foods mentioned in “Cook,” as well as to the cultural and historical aspects referenced in the poem. </div><div>The two foods mentioned in the poem “Cook” are okra and tomatoes, vegetables that originated in distant places and were brought to this country through violence and that, today, are favorites of South Carolina cooking. Okra was brought to America as a byproduct of the slave trade, while the tomato was a crop originating in South America that was introduced to Europe and then North America through the Columbian exchange. These vegetables had cultural significance to indigenous peoples, and both were taken through aggression and absorbed by foreigners into their own cuisine. The movement and use of crops like okra and tomatoes, in many ways, reflects the slave struggle: these crops, as with enslaved populations, were uprooted from their homes and used to “feed” the needs of those who stole them away, while enslaved people were treated as resources, or crops, rather than humans. In “Cook,” we hear of Mariah Cook(e)’s story of rape and mistreatment; she is viewed by her owners as basically a good to be bought, sold, used, and traded -- and her experience is not an isolated event in the history of slavery. At the same time, foods like okra and tomatoes enabled enslaved peoples to preserve their own individuality and some measure of independence. Mariah states, “The only real pleasure be my babies, a small patch of something where I grow okra and tomatoes.” For her, the okra and tomatoes she grows provide some comfort and pleasure in an otherwise painful life. They are more than just vegetables -- rather, they are symbols of culture and home. Today, okra and tomatoes are a staple of South Carolina’s food culture. Both vegetables can be found at dinner tables and restaurants and growing in local farms across the state, and their origin as foods related to conquest and subjugation is forgotten.<br><br></div><div>I was also struck by the cultural and historical references to South Carolina found in the poem “Cook.” South Carolina was one of the founding states of the Confederacy and was the first state to secede from the Union. South Carolina’s large, cash-crop plantations were built on the backs of enslaved peoples. Racism and slavery were a part of life here, and it is safe to assume that stories of pain and suffering like that told by Mariah Cook(e) were common in South Carolina history. Mariah’s use of the word “buckra” to describe her master more concretely links the poem to South Carolina. “Buckra” is a Gullah word meaning “white man,” and the Gullah language was developed and used primarily by enslaved populations living in coastal Georgia and South Carolina.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://friedmansprout.com/2019/12/02/a-southern-staple-born-of-violence-a-brief-history-of-okra/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 22:15:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722194233</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Glenlivet, Ballindalloch, UK (Sera Biju)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722217235</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Glenlivet, Ballindalloch,</strong> <strong>UK,</strong> is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because it describes a memory of when a young girl is getting ready for late church mass with her family, and how her grandmother would comb her hair into braids. The memory is meant to show how one grows up very fast and our family will no longer stay with us all the time, the backbone to our lives. Though the primary objective is to a childhood memory, it includes many references to transcultural diffusions, such as the spread of whiskey across the globe. The author makes key emphasis on "scotch" and "Glenlivet," which could be suggesting The Glenlivet Distillery, one of the most famous distilleries in the scotch whiskey industry in Scotland. The earliest evidence of Scotch was of Friar John in the late 15th century. During the Cromwellian Civil War in the early 1600s, many Scots immigrated to the American colonies, making Scotch Whiskey a popular commodity. It's interesting to note the reference due to the ancestry of the author, as she comes from both African and European descent, so it could imply that she must be Scottish due to her knowledge of one the finest distilleries in Scotland. In adding the source of The Glenlivet The Story Behind the Glenlivet to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by emphasizing how cultural diffusion is an important aspect of transport and adaptation of food. Americanization makes it easy to cloud our judgment of the origins of foods, especially fast food lines. Diffusion has allowed for many adaptations of food, such as cheesecake, based on the cultural aspects of the other country. Whiskey was and is an important commodity that was imported to various nations, and due to diversity and diffusion, it makes it difficult to notice the origin of foods and spices. Food is a great depiction of a portion of various characteristics of a culture, and we must take it into account even when sharing our ideas and thoughts with others, and diversify. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.caskers.com/theglenlivet-the-story-behind-the-glenlivet" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 22:47:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722217235</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Harlan, KY | Lauren Wilson</title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722231538</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was "Family Style" by George Ella Lyon. The poem is a playful description of a family's meal traditions, from every-day meals to Thanksgiving feasts. While there is no specific geographic location referenced within the poem itself, context clues within the poem enabled me as a reader to conclude that it most likely takes place within a mid-twentieth century rural southern community-- given the heavy reference to traditional southern cuisine (clabber, cornbread, jam cake, etc.), a rural lifestyle, and descriptions of how the family drove in the 1950's Nash Rambler. Outside research reveals that Lyon dedicates most of her poetry to focusing on the lifestyle of individuals living in the Appalachia region (spanning from southern New York to Alabama and Mississippi) and is currently running a program called "Where I'm From," based on her poem of the same name, which is focused on collecting poetry written from every county in Kentucky. The location I chose to best represent the context of "Family Style" is Harlan, Kentucky, Lyon's hometown. Having this background on Kentucky food and lifestyle allows readers to better understand the values of southern cooking and continuing family meal traditions, as silly as they may be. This message shines through in lines such as, "Ruby took the skin off a chicken| neat as a coat off a child." and "Jo made a pan of icing,| then ate it." Lyon's writing highlights the feeling of contentedness and wellness that homegrown cooking and emotional connection through food can bring. As the speaker in the poem puts it at the end of the poem, "Ruby's jam cake still sweetens my days."<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/fcs3/fcs3527/fcs3527.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 23:07:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722231538</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kareem Elfoulie</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722232644</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>	For Elizabeth Alexander’s “Talk Radio, D.C.,” I associate certain elements of the poem with Central Mexico and North America’s Indigenous populations and nations. As Alexander’s parents tell her about different home remedies for common ailments, they mention that tobacco “works on a bee-sting” (Alexander 4). A central belief of Indigenous people is that nature can provide healing for many of our ailments, and this philosophy has a long-standing historical basis. Tobacco cultivation began in “5000 BC...in Central Mexico,” according to Swedish Health Services, and its healing properties were apparent early. Native Americans used tobacco as a medicine for many ailments, and this tradition has continued among many nations to this day. Other societies have recognized the benefits that natural treatments can offer us, and Alexander’s poem reveals how naturally-derived remedies persist. The fatback that Alexander cites in the first line of her poem comes from animals, while copper is a naturally-occurring metal whose healing properties have been documented since the existence of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The people of those societies saw the validity of the ideology of North America’s Indigenous people, and these everyday items are still used for common pains, like extracting toxins from a wound. As Alexander’s parents detail the different remedies for such common ailments, the poem reveals that traditional methods of dealing with illnesses continue to help people. With this history in mind, I selected Central Mexico because Alexander’s poem shows that despite the genocide and persecution that Native American populations endure, their contributions to our regular lives remain strong and important. <br><br><br></div><div>Resources: </div><div><a href="https://www.swedish.org/classes-and-resources/smoking-cessation/history-of-tobacco-use-in-america">https://www.swedish.org/classes-and-resources/smoking-cessation/history-of-tobacco-use-in-america</a></div><div><a href="https://keepitsacred.itcmi.org/tobacco-and-tradition/traditional-tobacco-use/">https://keepitsacred.itcmi.org/tobacco-and-tradition/traditional-tobacco-use/</a></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 23:09:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722232644</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ewan Albright - Egypt</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722239672</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was "Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food" by Ashley M. Jones. While the restaurant owner's country of origin is never revealed, I picked Egypt as my location on the map as it is one of many possible locations that could be the owner's home. Egypt is known for its mediterranean food, and has a large muslim population. Furthermore, there is a sizable number of Egyptians in the United States. The restaurant owner performs a muslim prayer and has a mediterranean restaurant in Alabama, perhaps suggesting that they could be Egyptian. </div><div>This poem highlights a clash in flavors and culture between that of an American university student in Birmingham, Alabama and a middle Eastern restaurant owner. The main aspect of the poem is the description of the owner's Salat; a muslim prayer. The link I have included is a link that explains more about the Salat and its importance. The speaker details the way in which the owner "prostrates before God on a piece of cardboard box in the back alley." The owner evidently greatly values their religion as they are performing the Salat beside “a dumpster whispering styrofoam,” and amongst filth as “the shells of dead cockroaches bend and crackle.”  The restaurant owner is willing to find places wherever they can in order to pray as well as setting aside a few odd minutes throughout the day. </div><div>As soon as they are done, the restaurant owner resumes selling “cheap fries and fingers,” demonstrating the difference between the cultures of the speaker and restaurant owner. The restaurant owner’s commitment to their religion illustrates how greatly they value their identity and culture, which they also share through their restaurant. The owner is bringing their food identity to somewhere where it is less common and spreading it around. However, the fact that they serve American food as well demonstrates that some people are hesitant to branch out from their own food identity and culture despite it being an exciting experience. It goes to show that there is so much diversity around us and a great way to experience it is through food. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.britannica.com/topic/salat" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 23:19:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722239672</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722264927</link>
         <description><![CDATA[My poem was “Family Style” by George Ella Lyon. The poem is a playful description of a family’s meal traditions, from every-day meals to Thanksgiving feasts. While there is no specific geographic location referenced within the poem itself, context clues within the poem enabled me as a reader to conclude that it took place within a mid-twentieth century southern community—given the heavy reference to traditional southern cuisine, a rural lifestyle, and descriptions of how the family drove in the 1950’s Nash Rambler. Outside research reveals that Lyon dedicates most of her poetry to focusing on the lifestyle of individuals living in Appalachia region (spanning from Southern New York to Alabama and Mississippi) and is currently running a program called “Where I’m From” focused on collecting poetry written from every county in Kentucky. The location I chose to best represent the context of “Family Style” is Harlan, Kentucky, Lyon’s hometown. Having this background on Kentucky food and lifestyle allows readers to better understand the values of southern cooking and continuing family meal traditions, as silly as they may be. This message shines through in lines such as “Ruby took the skin off a chicken| neat as a coat off a child.” and “Jo made a pan of icing,| then ate it.” Lyon’s writing highlights the feeling of contentedness and wellness that homegrown cooking and emotional connection through food can bring. As the speaker in the poem puts it at the end of the poem, “Ruby’s jam cake still sweetens my days.”]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 23:55:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722264927</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722265073</link>
         <description><![CDATA[My poem was “Family Style” by George Ella Lyon. The poem is a playful description of a family’s meal traditions, from every-day meals to Thanksgiving feasts. While there is no specific geographic location referenced within the poem itself, context clues within the poem enabled me as a reader to conclude that it took place within a mid-twentieth century southern community—given the heavy reference to traditional southern cuisine, a rural lifestyle, and descriptions of how the family drove in the 1950’s Nash Rambler. Outside research reveals that Lyon dedicates most of her poetry to focusing on the lifestyle of individuals living in Appalachia region (spanning from Southern New York to Alabama and Mississippi) and is currently running a program called “Where I’m From” focused on collecting poetry written from every county in Kentucky. The location I chose to best represent the context of “Family Style” is Harlan, Kentucky, Lyon’s hometown. Having this background on Kentucky food and lifestyle allows readers to better understand the values of southern cooking and continuing family meal traditions, as silly as they may be. This message shines through in lines such as “Ruby took the skin off a chicken| neat as a coat off a child.” and “Jo made a pan of icing,| then ate it.” Lyon’s writing highlights the feeling of contentedness and wellness that homegrown cooking and emotional connection through food can bring. As the speaker in the poem puts it at the end of the poem, “Ruby’s jam cake still sweetens my days.”]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-04 23:55:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722265073</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Belzoni, MS, USA (Ayele Mivedor)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722278466</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My Stove’s In good condition- by Poet: Iain Haley Polluck</div><div><br></div><div>Although Spain, Portugal, and other European countries gave us the term Fish-and chips, the United States' southern states are where you can see the most indulgences of fried fish. From Cajun, creole, and Floribbean cuisine, southern states like Florida, Louisiana, Texas have given us what we have known to call "soul food." And from the delight of an early Sunday morning meal to the simple joys of grandma's cooking, the south has pioneered and led the use of seasoning in cuisine for what we have/use today. </div><div>Based on Polluck's poem "My stove's in Good Condition," there were many indications of food and places. However, the mention of Catfish stood out the most. Its presence in the poem gave it its desiring factor that could almost make me drool. So, with the combination of cornmeal and peppers, how could one not anticipate and drool for a warm-cooked meal placed in front of them. </div><div>Additionally, while the taste of catfish is flavorful and satisfying, it also has significant ties to my choice, Mississippi. Of all the Catfish eaten and grown in the United States, Mississippi holds the title for the "Catfish capital." Specifically, from whatscookingamerica.net, they are "the world's leading producer of pond-raised catfish." This main course, southern meal, brings numerous tourists and "foodies" down to the streets of Belzoni in Humphreys county. And during the Spring of the World Catfish Festival, the streets are crowded with people waiting to get a taste of what makes Mississippi the "Catfish capital of the world." </div><div><br>Quote from Polluck's poem: "Because she thought I wanted it, for dinner Namoi wants catfish, catfish on the range spitting oil, its smoke spicing the house with pepper, black, and cayenne." (Lines 1-4)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/articles/2018-04-17/mississippi-catfish-industry-swamped-by-imports-regulations" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 00:15:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722278466</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hailey Barahona</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722284167</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>“Mango, Number 61” <br>By Richard Blanco<br><br></div><div>I picked Miami as the location for this poem. While Miami was not explicitly mentioned in the poem, It was the setting of the poem. Blanco was born to Cuban exile parents in Madrid Spain, but he was raised in Miami. Miami’s culture is very unique and in many ways more resembles a Latin American city rather than one in the United States.  <br><br></div><div>“where everyone only spoke loud Spanish”<br><br></div><div>I chose this quote and location to give some context to the author and the setting he was describing in the poem. Miami has had a prominent Cuban population after the rise of Fidel Castro and the Cuban Adjustment Act in 1966. Now Cubans make up 52% of Miami’s population. Being that many of them came to the United States around the same time, they formed a very tight-knit community in South Florida. You can see this in the poem as he references many family members and family friends of Cuban descent. Because their population is so high in such a small area, many consider Spanish to be an official second language. This high density of homogenous culture is so beautiful to see. The United States is known as a melting pot, but this often leads people to be confused about or not know their roots. Blanco touches on this topic in some of his biographies. While he was not in Cuba experiencing Cuban life first hand, he was immersed by Cuban culture in Miami. This is something many immigrant children do not get to experience.<br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/florida/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-cuban-community-in-miami/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 00:24:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722284167</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mecca Saudi Arabia - Lyriel Todd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722289296</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The poem is “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food,” by the poet Ashley M. Jones. I chose this location because of the poet’s portrayal of the subject performing salat in the alleyway behind the restaurant. Salat is a Pillar of Islam in which Muslims pray five times each day in the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The subject prays on “a piece of cardboard box in the back alley,” littered with empty styrofoam, “onion skins,” and the “shells of dead cockroaches.” The act of this prayer is meant to connect Muslims to each other from all around the world and throughout history as they repeat the same ritual words and movements; in this way, the subject is able to bring a part of their culture to the back of the restaurant. Furthermore, they must put aside their troubles, cares, and thoughts to focus on God. So, despite being surrounded by trash, the subject creates their own spiritual sanctuary in the alley, so even the shells of the cockroaches seem to pray with them. When they finish their prayer, they serve the speaker their “fries and fingers,” in an accent that sounds “like a proverb.” Though far from their home, the subject is able to share a small part of their culture with the poet through the food and glimpse of their spiritual prayer. Knowing this, the poet better appreciates the food they are being handed because of the significance it holds, and the “cheap fries and fingers” become more than what they seem objectively. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/salat.shtml" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 00:31:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722289296</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mongolia - Shaima Momin</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722298320</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: River Politics by Adam Vine<br><br>For the location of my poem, <em>River Politics </em>by Adam Vines<em>, </em>I have chosen Mongolia because that is where history’s largest empire, the Mongol Empire, originated from. I chose to focus on the Mongol Empire for this poem, primarily due to the fact that the author compares the campfire to an empire. In lines 7-8, the author states, “and the campfire might as well be an empire”. At first, it can be assumed that the size of the campfire is so big it is comparable to that of an empire, however, it can be interpreted that the author is not only comparing the size of the campfire, but is also comparing the logistics and details of his surroundings to that of an empire. In the beginning of the poem, the author gives simple one sentence descriptions of what each person and animal is doing. For example, lines 1-2 says, “I spit my smack, Jim slugs his Jack,”. Continuously telling the audience of everyone’s actions also resembles the empire comparison made in the poem. In each empire there are specific roles and duties that need to be carried out by each person for the empire to be successful, which is similar as the poem lists out each person/animal’s actions. Another unique thing about this poem is the tone it creates to the audience. The tone of this poem is very mellow and simplistic. The author even uses small, low leveled, words throughout the entirety of the poem. The rhyme scheme goes “aaaabbccddee” making it easy to read and follow along. All of this contributes to the fact of how the poem is different to the empire comparison made and the word “Politics” being used in the title. Empires and politics are thought of as having too many levels to them and for being chaotic and “messy” at times, whereas this poem has a completely opposite feel to it as it is simple, effortless, and uncomplicated. The link that is added is an article that describes how daily life was during the Mongol Empire. It describes how food and money were, the primary domestic animals, traditional clothing, and more. It helps the reader understand the structure of the Mongol Empire and how citizen life was day-to-day, which is different than the “empire” mentioned in the poem. This also helps us comprehend the simplicity of the poem and the effortless actions mentioned as we are easily able to compare it to the multiple organized aspects of the Mongol Empire. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.mongolia-web.com/1221-daily-life-mongol-empire/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 00:46:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722298320</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Aluva, Kerala, India (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722312242</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Name of the poem &amp; poetess</strong><br>Liberty Street Seafood, Nikki Finney<br><br><strong>Why I choose Aluva?</strong><br>This city, my hometown, is home to markets that are the polar opposites of the ones mentioned by the poetess. The state of Kerala, the southernmost in India, has a rich history tainted by a unruly, immoral and deeply flawed caste system. Similar to the discrimination African Americans faced (and a lot pf people of color face) in the United States, fishermen who were typically considered to be of a “lower caste” were often discriminated against and barred from entering places of religious worship. The key difference, however, is that the fishermen in Aluva today are considered vital to the state’s economy and were praised for their overwhelming support during rescuing people during the largest flood the state had seen in over a hundred years. They enjoy equal rights today and work independently, selling their product of the labor on their own accord and not having to rely on a boss similar to what the boss describes. The roots of these fishermen and the young men working in Liberty Street may have originated from suffering, however, these fishermen were fortunate to have travelled down a path that the young men in the stall couldn’t when the author visited the stall. The fishermen at the stall had to silently protest the owner’s injustices, while the fishermen in Aluva are empowered through the community’s respect and ability to work on their own terms. This sense of dignity, uplifts their spirits and encourages them to help members of the community in most dire situations. The young men in the fish stall would not choose to do the same if their owner was in danger; in their eyes, he would be getting what he deserves.<br><br><strong>Quote<br></strong>"The white man reaches for the money, faces the hungry,<br>his back fully turned,<br>their knives just above his head."</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kerala-floods-fishermen-relief-rescue-operation-5317511/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 01:07:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722312242</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Autumn Toms Rhode Island, USA </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722324412</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>“<em>Indian pudding, hasty pudding, hush puppy,</em></div><div><em>grits</em>—some words for what can be made<br><br></div><div>of cornmeal, simplest food a person</div><div>can grow and grind herself.”<br><br><br></div><div>            Rhode Island is one of the first states where British settlers interacted with Native Americans. It took corn thousands of years to spread throughout Central and North America via migrating people, but once it reached New England, the Native Americans there were the first to grind the crop into cornmeal. Rhode Island often experiences harsh winters, so cornmeal was stashed in dry locations to be used in the winter when crops didn’t grow. Local Native Americans also were able to adapt the crop, so it matured quicker and fit the shorter, local growing season. Women did the work of preparing and preserving food for the family, like grinding corn into cornmeal. That role of a woman in a kitchen has been diminished in modern culture, but in history it was integral for survival, as mentioned in this poem. When British settlers arrived in America, they adapted the Native American’s corn-based dishes into their own custom dishes. Hasty pudding was a common British dish made from wheat that resembled a thick batter. Once introduced to corn, the settlers made a similar dish with cornmeal and sweetened it with molasses, calling it Indian pudding. Other common corn-based dishes from the Rhode Island area include pone (corn cakes made from pounding kernels into a fine powder that is mixed with water or bear oil and baked over coals) and hominy (whole kernels boiled in water). Dishes like these of the Native Americans and British unknowingly evolved to many of the corn dishes such as cornbread, corn on the cob, and succotash we enjoy today.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1016896-indian-pudding" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 01:28:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722324412</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>West Virginia WIC - Felix Zhou</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722327652</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>After analyzing Food Stamps by Shirlette Ammons, I decided to talk about the WIC lines (located in West Virginia) mentioned in the poem. In the second stanza, “and waiting in WIC lines is, too.” Initially reading the poem, I understood it on a very surface level, but as I read it more and more, the more confused I was. However, after analyzing the syntax and word choice, things began to clear up. One of the themes present in the poem is the concept of wealth. The speaker uses the words “I will” in nearly every sentence in the second stanza. While in the first stanza, the speaker uses present tense and uses phrases like “Need Mo’ Street” and “being crushed underfoot” to indicate the lack of resources, in this case it’s money. In the last stanza, the speaker mentions “a thinking woman’s income.” supporting the concept of wealth and the lack of money. The inclusion of WIC lines further supports the theme of wealth while simultaneously giving more detail. After doing some research, the WIC program is for low income women who are pregnant or have children. This establishes the fact that the speaker is a woman with low-income and bears children. Looking at the previous ideas of how wealth was introduced into the poem, I believe there is an overarching theme of wealth disparity. In the first stanza, the cars represent the wealthy, as cars are expensive and considered a luxury good, and the “being crushed underfoot” represents the gap between the upper class and lower class. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. While in the second stanza, the author's repetition of the words “I will” represents all the things that the speaker would do if they had the resources to do so. As of 2019, the top 10% of the wealthiest people own almost 70% of the entire USA's wealth, and the top 1% make up 30% of the <a href="https://www.statista.com/chart/19635/wealth-distribution-percentiles-in-the-us/">wealth</a>.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.statista.com/chart/19635/wealth-distribution-percentiles-in-the-us/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 01:33:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722327652</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Tepito, Morelos, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722332958</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Raghavendra Bharadwaj</strong><br>1.      Barrio de Tepito, a neighborhood in Mexico City, Mexico. I picked this location because of its significance and symbolism in the poem, as well as its personal significance to me. Barrio de Tepito is known primarily for its dense open-air markets as well as its high crime rate. This contrast between the innocence of open markets and the dangerous crime rate can be seen in the poem. In the beginning, the poem seems innocent and interesting, but as one keeps reading, it becomes clear that there is a darker theme to the poem, with an underlying message that might not seem clear right away. In step 13 of the poem, the neighborhood is even mentioned by name, “Wake your macho: provide coffee, provide tepito.”</div><div>Another reason I chose this poem was because of its personal significance to me. While I have not personally visited Barrio de Tepito (or Mexico for that matter), its open-air markets and atmosphere remind me of India, the country my parents are from. The bustling markets and the crowded atmosphere remind me of my various trips to India, where I would stroll through the open-air markets with my grandparents, being amazed by the variety of items that are being sold.</div><div>In adding the source of this poem’s contrast to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers  by allowing them to see the major parallels between this poem and one of Mexico City’s biggest and most well-known neighborhoods.”<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://strangersguide.com/articles/tepito-inside-mexico-citys-barrio-bravo/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 01:43:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722332958</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hammond, LA, USA, Ashley Vaia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722336935</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>In Elton Glaser’s <em>Shucking, </em>Hammond, Louisiana is only mentioned passively: it’s the city that our narrator’s brother flees from to spend time with his family. Though arguably less important to the overall poem than Lake Pontchartrain, the estuary from which the narrator and his family get oysters from to prepare and eat, further research into the city’s history reveals a theme of passage and flight I found worthy of this Padlet response.</div><div><br></div><div>Hammond is hardly well-known outside of its Tangipahoa Parish in Louisiana; it seems like the typical small-town America that boasts a bustling Main Street and not much else. Upon researching its history, I learned that Hammond is a city developed from the travel of passerbys. Located right in-between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, the Jackson and Great Northern Railroad came through what came to be known as Hammond’s Crossing, and was often frequented by railroad passengers headed south for New Orleans or north to escape annual yellow fever outbreaks in the city. Hammond even became known as the “Strawberry Capital of America” for its role in the transport of strawberries throughout the region. Whether intentional or not, I found it interesting how the narrator’s brother’s departure from Hammond is not far off from how many are familiar with the city.</div><div><br></div><div>Hammond being a passageway for the brother’s final family dinner destination speaks to the power that breaking bread has in the South. Sharing a home-cooked meal of oyster po-boys with your family is enough for one to traverse the “pinesap airs” and across Lake Pontchartrain causeways. Hammond serves as a momentary stopping point in these journeys, giving the traveler a respite from the monotonous road and a well-welcomed piece of southern hospitality reminiscent of the close family moments you’ll receive at your destination.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.hammondhistoricdistrict.org/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 01:49:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722336935</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kayla Watanabe Massachusetts, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722347569</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>For the “place” that “Backbone”, by Caroline Randall Williams, took place in, I choose Massachusetts, USA for many reasons. First of all, the poem describes a hearty, African American grandmother with cancer from the eyes of her enamoured granddaughter. Considering how some of the recipes listed on the menu that the narrator’s cousin remembers include “shrimp” and “potatoes”, the poem likely takes place on the coast (where shellfish is available for catching and potatoes are available for shipping from Europe). In addition, if this poem were to take place in an older time period (say, the 50’s) then the “place” would have to be a more northern state, where racism was less prominent. The 50’s was the pre-Civil Rights era. With the chemo bag that the grandmother had, she would not have been able to access that without being treated at least fairly equally to whites. Finally, the grandmother had clearly been to hell and back for whatever she had been through. Arguably, the most distinguishable quote from the poem is “Cancer? Hell”, making one of the most deadly, incurable diseases seem like a small inconvenience. To her, cancer was the least of her problems, so I would not be surprised if she had encountered some harsh racism in her years growing older.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27501240" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:08:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722347569</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Big Sur, CA, USA • Brendan Oshida</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722352868</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><em>After Grandma Novi’s Recipe for Blackberry Cake is Lost at the Press and There’s No Place Left to Look </em>by Diane Gilliam<br><br>I picked this location because the imagery detailed in the poem brought me back to my time in Big Sur. Gilliam writes, <br>"...where night has stained darkest is where she drained the berries... To the west, where the sky is still light, is how the cake rose while we waited with our plates".<br>I love how she connected the visual of a sunset to the color of the berries and then how the sun rises like a cake in the oven. It makes the poem feel very timeless and nostalgic because we all have some sort of life experience related to this in one way or another. The speaker presents the poem in a way that brings up right into Grandma Novi's kitchen, beside her making the blackberry cake. There's an effortless to it in the speaker's tone that brings a lot of ease and peace to the scene. This sense of peace and also the sunset imagery are what reminded me of Big Sur; I remember driving down the coast and stopping at every little trailhead and it could lead to a beach, a field of wildflowers, or just an amazing cliffside. It humbles you to see nature on that grand of a scale and the scenery is so incredibly serene and peaceful. The link that I attached is a photo essay of Big Sur accompanied by some poetry and quotes inspired by nature and Big Sur itself; I think it does a really good job of immersing you in a peaceful mind-space and getting the whole "vibe" of Big Sur. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://medium.com/@richveum/the-poetry-of-big-sur-995d2e35e028" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:18:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722352868</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Birmingham, AL, USA Vincent Bell</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722353740</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My name is Vincent Bell, and the poem I was assigned is titled <em>Times Like These: Mariana, Florida.</em> The author of this poem is L. Lamar Wilson. The location I selected was Birmingham, Alabama due to it representing the culmination of my historical and cultural perspective on this poem. The poem features reference to many southern traditions that appeal to the culture the I experienced during family reunions in Alabama. The poem also features prominent expressions that are linked to the History of African Americans during the trans-Atlantic enslavement.<br><br></div><div>            In my reflection on the poem, I emphasized the historical importance that the trans-Atlantic enslavement held as it affected the Americas in a drastic way. The Americas are greatly scarred by the effects of this enslavement; thus, a southern location is perfect for this poem. The relevance of this throughout the poem is represented by the allusion to the fields, possibly former plantations, of cash crops such as sugarcane. This reference is found in the first line of the poem when the setting is established “In one field, husks, muscadine vines &amp; a sugarcane graveyard furrow acres aching for the devil to beat his wife.” With this setting in the South with reference to plantation crops, a location with ties to slavery and the culture of soul food would create a memorable experience.<br><br></div><div>            Birmingham, Alabama also has strong connection to the culture of the south, with most soul food being found here at local restaurants and home cooked meals. With the poem’s focus on southern foods and attributes of an outdoor meal in the south, picking a location that can reflect these characteristics makes Alabama a perfect candidate. Southern foods feature a multitude of sides including black-eyed peas, one of the foods that the couple retrieve for their picnic at the very end “They reach for locks of hair &amp; black-eyed peas.”<br><br></div><div>            The cultural and historical relevance this poem has in terms of southern food is best emanated by any southern state, but Alabama holds special significance to me as it is where most of my cultural upbringing took place. Therefore, this location is perfectly tied to the southern background of this poem.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/alabama/10-oldest-surviving-plantation-homes-in-al/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:19:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722353740</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722353958</link>
         <description><![CDATA[My name is Vincent Bell, and the poem I was assigned is titled Times Like These: Mariana, Florida. The author of this poem is L. Lamar Wilson. The location I selected was Birmingham, Alabama due to it representing the culmination of my historical and cultural perspective on this poem. The poem features reference to many southern traditions that appeal to the culture the I experienced during family reunions in Alabama. The poem also features prominent expressions that are linked to the History of African Americans during the trans-Atlantic enslavement.
	In my reflection on the poem, I emphasized the historical importance that the trans-Atlantic enslavement held as it affected the Americas in a drastic way. The Americas are greatly scarred by the effects of this enslavement; thus, a southern location is perfect for this poem. The relevance of this throughout the poem is represented by the allusion to the fields, possibly former plantations, of cash crops such as sugarcane. This reference is found in the first line of the poem when the setting is established “In one field, husks, muscadine vines &amp; a sugarcane graveyard furrow acres aching for the devil to beat his wife.” With this setting in the South with reference to plantation crops, a location with ties to slavery and the culture of soul food would create a memorable experience.
	Birmingham, Alabama also has strong connection to the culture of the south, with most soul food being found here at local restaurants and home cooked meals. With the poem’s focus on southern foods and attributes of an outdoor meal in the south, picking a location that can reflect these characteristics makes Alabama a perfect candidate. Southern foods feature a multitude of sides including black-eyed peas, one of the foods that the couple retrieve for their picnic at the very end “They reach for locks of hair &amp; black-eyed peas.”
	The cultural and historical relevance this poem has in terms of southern food is best emanated by any southern state, but Alabama holds special significance to me as it is where most of my cultural upbringing took place. Therefore, this location is perfectly tied to the southern background of this poem.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:20:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722353958</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722354121</link>
         <description><![CDATA[My name is Vincent Bell, and the poem I was assigned is titled Times Like These: Mariana, Florida. The author of this poem is L. Lamar Wilson. The location I selected was Birmingham, Alabama due to it representing the culmination of my historical and cultural perspective on this poem. The poem features reference to many southern traditions that appeal to the culture the I experienced during family reunions in Alabama. The poem also features prominent expressions that are linked to the History of African Americans during the trans-Atlantic enslavement.
	In my reflection on the poem, I emphasized the historical importance that the trans-Atlantic enslavement held as it affected the Americas in a drastic way. The Americas are greatly scarred by the effects of this enslavement; thus, a southern location is perfect for this poem. The relevance of this throughout the poem is represented by the allusion to the fields, possibly former plantations, of cash crops such as sugarcane. This reference is found in the first line of the poem when the setting is established “In one field, husks, muscadine vines &amp; a sugarcane graveyard furrow acres aching for the devil to beat his wife.” With this setting in the South with reference to plantation crops, a location with ties to slavery and the culture of soul food would create a memorable experience.
	Birmingham, Alabama also has strong connection to the culture of the south, with most soul food being found here at local restaurants and home cooked meals. With the poem’s focus on southern foods and attributes of an outdoor meal in the south, picking a location that can reflect these characteristics makes Alabama a perfect candidate. Southern foods feature a multitude of sides including black-eyed peas, one of the foods that the couple retrieve for their picnic at the very end “They reach for locks of hair &amp; black-eyed peas.”
	The cultural and historical relevance this poem has in terms of southern food is best emanated by any southern state, but Alabama holds special significance to me as it is where most of my cultural upbringing took place. Therefore, this location is perfectly tied to the southern background of this poem.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:20:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722354121</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>California, USA- Eryn Earley</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722362406</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>California: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” because it is the first location in the U.S. where food producers recognized the potential of the avocado. The avocado was first introduced to California in 1871. By the early 1900s, growers began to recognize the potential in the food market the avocado held. This goes to show that the growers saw the potential of the avocado despite the fact that it is only ripe for a short period of time which is similar to the authors overlook of the avocados imperfections. Today, avocados are grown year-round in California and are a popular staple in the food industry. This shows that despite the fact that avocados may have imperfections such as having a short period where they are ripe; they are still a very popular food item in today's market. Overall, think that the main point of the poem is to be able to connect this idea of overlooking the imperfection in the avocado, to our own selves. Ultimately, I think that this is the main struggle the author is having in the poem as she struggles to love herself despite her imperfections in the same way she is able to do so seamlessly with the avocado. </div><div>	In adding the source of “The History of California Avocados” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing an example where the potential of the avocado was recognized and successfully capitalized upon. </div><div><br><br></div><div>“Ode to the Avocado” - Melissa Dickson </div><div><br></div><div>     <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.californiaavocado.com/avocado101/the-california-difference/avocado-history" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:37:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722362406</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Harlan County, KY, USA - Matthew Jin</title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722368558</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem, “Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade” by Greg Brownderville, mentions multiple Southern foods, but what interested me the most was the lunch of the speaker, specifically the poke sallet. I chose the location of Harlan County, Kentucky because it is one of the few locations that holds poke sallet festivals, where they organize many fun activities and eat poke sallet. They even have a whole page (https://www.pokesalletfestival.com) dedicated to this festival which lists various events and contains archives of the previous festivals!<br> </div><div>Poke sallet is a food derived from the pokeweed, a poisonous perennial plant. Native American tribes used it for its medicinal properties and during the Great Depression, it was eaten out of necessity as it helped purge parasitic worms from the body. What I find especially fascinating is how this food has grown into a classic Southern dish from what was originally the poor man’s survival food. <br><br></div><div>This growing acceptance of pokeweed as a viable food parallels the speaker’s growth in the poem.. The beginning line of the poem, “Come a toad-strangler that day, I remember” clearly indicates that the events in the poem occurred in the speaker’s past. Despite the rash actions taken by the speaker in the poem and the resulting consequence, he maintains that he was “mighty proud [he] did” take those actions. While pokeweed may seem undesirable to consume at first, the poor eventually had to eat it out of necessity. In a similar vein, the speaker shies away from standing up for Splendi Pretti when she is being bullied by the “white Americans.” He eventually decides that the bullying has been taken too far and that going against the teacher’s orders is necessary in order to prevent Splendi Pretty from “[going] home a-hungry nearbout every day.” <br><br></div><div>The link attached to this post contains information about the early uses of poke sallet by Native American tribes. It also contains citations to other sources that may be useful for learning more about pokeweeds and their role as food. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.aihd.ku.edu/foods/pokeweed.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:48:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722368558</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722368670</link>
         <description><![CDATA[My poem, “Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade” by Greg Brownderville, mentions multiple Southern foods, but what interested me the most was the lunch of the speaker, specifically the poke sallet. I chose the location of Harlan County, Kentucky because it is one of the few locations that holds poke sallet festivals, where they organize many fun activities and eat poke sallet. They even have a whole page (https://www.pokesalletfestival.com) dedicated to this festival which lists various events and contains archives of the previous festivals! 

Poke sallet is a food derived from the pokeweed, a poisonous perennial plant. Native American tribes used it for its medicinal properties and during the Great Depression, it was eaten out of necessity as it helped purge parasitic worms from the body. What I find especially fascinating is how this food has grown into a classic Southern dish from what was originally the poor man’s survival food. 

This growth ties in with the speaker’s growth in the poem. The beginning line of the poem, “Come a toad-strangler that day, I remember” clearly indicates that the events in the poem occurred in the speaker’s past. Despite the rash actions taken by the speaker in the poem and the resulting consequence, he maintains that he was “mighty proud [he] did” take those actions. While pokeweed may seem undesirable to consume at first, the poor eventually had to eat it out of necessity. In a similar vein, the speaker shies away from standing up for Splendi Pretti when she is being bullied by the “white Americans.” He eventually decides that the bullying has been taken too far and that going against the teacher’s orders is necessary in order to prevent Splendi Pretty from “[going] home a-hungry nearbout every day.” 

The link attached to this post contains information about the early uses of poke sallet by Native American tribes. It also contains citations to other sources that may be useful for learning more about pokeweeds and their role as food. ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:49:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722368670</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>📹</title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722369092</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://google.com" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 02:49:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722369092</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Vatican City- Tyler Whitfield</title>
         <author>tyfrazier11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722376886</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was Like Father by Jericho Brown. I picked the Vatican in Rome because my poem mentioned the Bible and it made me think of the Church. “As he holds my hand hungry for a discussion of Bible scriptures.”(Lines 5-6). When I did more research I learned that the poem is used as an allegory to God’s relationship with his Children. The poem also talks about a breakfast meal, and since the poet is from Louisiana I decided to look at food from there. Louisiana has a variety of foods and different styles of dishes. The top three most iconic are the: Beignets, Po’Boys, and the Muffulettas. Personally I have had a Po’Boy and its really good. Beignets are small fried pieces of dough with powdered sugar on top. I would imagine they taste like funnel cakes. Muffalettas are Italian sandwiches with salami, ham, and Italian herbs. As I did research on more food from Louisiana I realized a lot of the food was influenced by Italian culture, just like the religious culture. It is amazing how modern cultures can still be influenced by century old recipes and traditions that come from the other side of the world.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <pubDate>2020-09-05 03:03:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/722376886</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/732666531</link>
         <description><![CDATA[
Copenhagen, Denmark- McKenna Trapheagen
Copenhagen, Denmark- McKenna Trapheagen
Centered around emotional connections to the beauty of sound, my poem was “Jubilee” by Gabrielle Calvocoressi. The joys of community and fellowship are accentuated in the warm light of Mobile, AL spirit. Opening with a musical celebration of “hubcaps” and “trash can lid[s],” the piece moves into a nostalgic frame of mind as the speaker reflects on the sensory details of their grandfather’s Cadill]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-09 18:49:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/732666531</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>India: Gautam Sugasi</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744129739</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>India is relevant to us understanding the poem “Bounty” because the cucumber vegetable originated from that place. When considering a significant location for anything, it is often trivial to look at the place of origin. While cucumbers are a delicacy in the United States and are very popular in Europe, the origin of this vegetable actually takes place in India. Since they have been cultivated for more than three thousand years in India, there are a great variety of cucumbers, however, the two most common ones are the kheera cucumbers that belong to northern India and the dosakaya that belong to southern India. As a southern Indian myself, I recall going to marketplaces with my cousins to buy cucumbers and then later eating them as a cooling side dish that counteracts the hotter main course and makes for a great meal! Furthermore, I remember seeing cucumbers being grown in gardens back in India, which allows me to relate to the different effects of nature on the growth of the cucumber that are mentioned in the poem, such as the “tendrils crawling through wormy soil” (Worthington 5) and “the bees who sugared the stigma” (Worthington 9). In adding the source of “The Limits of Globalization?”, which contains information on the origination of cucumbers, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering more insight and confirmation about where cucumbers were first started to be cultivated. One of the quotes from this source is “The Cucumber is a tender annual, a native of the East Indies”. This quote talks about the origin of cucumbers. While the name East Indies refers to many countries within that region, the quote shows that the vegetable actually originated in India. The source continues to add on that cucumbers have been cultivated for a very long time there and are still very popular today.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.apnikheti.com/en/pn/agriculture/horticulture/vegetable-crops/cucumber#:~:text=Cucumbers%20are%20originated%20in%20India,good%20for%20body%20and%20brain." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 14:29:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744129739</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>India: Gautam Sugasi, Pin 1 </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744135959</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>India is relevant to us understanding the poem “Bounty” because the cucumber vegetable originated from that place. When considering a significant location for anything, it is often trivial to look at the place of origin. While cucumbers are a delicacy in the United States and are very popular in Europe, the origin of this vegetable actually takes place in India. Since they have been cultivated for more than three thousand years in India, there are a great variety of cucumbers, however, the two most common ones are the kheera cucumbers that belong to northern India and the dosakaya that belong to southern India. As a southern Indian myself, I recall going to marketplaces with my cousins to buy cucumbers and then later eating them as a cooling side dish that counteracts the hotter main course and makes for a great meal! In adding the source of “The Limits of Globalization?”, which contains information on the origination of cucumbers, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering more insight and confirmation about where cucumbers were first started to be cultivated. One of the quotes from this source is “The Cucumber is a tender annual, a native of the East Indies”. This quote talks about the origin of cucumbers. While the name East Indies refers to many countries within that region, the quote shows that the vegetable actually originated in India. The source continues to add on that cucumbers have been cultivated for a very long time there and are still very popular today. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 14:30:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744135959</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rome, Italy: Gautam Sugasi</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744140458</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Rome is relevant to us understanding the poem “Bounty” because the people of the Roman Empire were one of the first people to farm and grow cucumbers in Europe. Although cucumbers originated in India, they are a popular food in many parts of the world. This is mainly due to the work of trade and colonization. Through trade, the Romans got their hands on this vegetable and subsequently grew and spread it throughout Europe. Due to this, even after the fall of the Roman empire, cucumber farming still continued in most parts of Europe including Spain and France. In adding the source of “Cucumbers, Melons, and Watermelons.”, which talked about the history of cucumbers, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by further highlighting the effect that cucumbers had on the Roman Empire. A quote from this source was “From India, the cucumber spread to Greece and Italy – where the crop was significant in the Roman Empire”. This quote mentions the journey of cucumbers from Southern Asia to Europe. Through the various intercontinental trade networks, this vegetable was introduced to Ancient Rome. It became so popular in the Roman Empire that even Emperor Tiberius demanded that cucumbers be at his dinner table every night. The poem also mentions the pristine taste of cucumbers when it says “recited in your salads” (Worthington 13) and “spread on your break, and tasted in an emerald grace” (Worthington 14), which gives a reason for the demand for cucumbers in the Roman Empire. Additionally, in adding the source of “The Widening World of Food, 1550–1600.”, which talked about the spread of cucumbers throughout the world, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing the effect the effect of cucumbers in England. A quote from this source was “The particular vegetables and fruits named by Harrison were melons, pumpkins, gourds, cucumbers… beginning of this trend was dated in Henry VIII’s reign… seen the transformation of gardens as a result…”. This quote is about the spread of cucumbers to England. As the quote mentions, cucumbers were first introduced to England during the reign of Henry VIII and it became very popular. Due to this, many gardens throughout England started to grow this vegetable. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/677504402/07d979a95ee949f4403157e949b63452/a_roman_feast_1300.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 14:31:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744140458</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Haiti: Gautam Sugasi</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744142412</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Haiti is relevant to us understanding the poem “Bounty” because cucumbers were first introduced to the Western Hemisphere here. As Spanish and French explorers traversed the Atlantic in search of new land, they brought cucumbers along with them. Landing in Haiti, Christopher Columbus first introduced cucumbers to Northern America here. Furthermore, more Spanish explorers in the Great Plains passed on the farming techniques of cucumbers to Native Americans, who continued to farm the first cucumbers in the nation after the Revolutionary War. In adding the source of “Cucumbers, Melons, and Watermelons.”, which talks about the history of cucumbers, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering a sense of how cucumbers came to the Americas. A quote from this source is “Colonial encounters between Europeans and Native Americans resulted in the rapid diffusion of cucumbers throughout North America”. The quote mentions the transatlantic journey of cucumbers from Europe to the Americas. As colonials and explorers set out for new land, they brought along many things from their hometown and then proceeded to trade with the indigenous people that they met. Thought this trade, cucumbers and cucumber farming spread throughout North America<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/677504402/ea74590d2b452aa9986949b349083144/What_is_Columbian_exchange__Explain_Columbian_exchange__Define_Columbian_exchange.mp3" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 14:31:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744142412</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pin 2 (Dyllon Preston) - Des Moines, IA, USA</title>
         <author>dyllonpreston</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744399497</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Audio: <br>https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cMqJVIwHDh7IOErFiapqDDtWkSDzVqaG/view?usp=sharing<br><br><br>Des Moines is relevant to us understanding the poem “Eating a Muffaletta in Des Moines” by Brian Spears because if a place could be an antagonist in the context of this poem, Des Moines would be it. Spears expresses his dislike for Des Moines in the very first line of the poem. The title of the poem raises a question regarding eating a muffaletta in Des Moines, and Spears answers it with “Don’t do it”.  To be more precise however, Des Moines isn’t truly the antagonist, but rather the tourists that originate from it. The face-value purpose of this poem is to lecture the reader on the proper way a muffaletta should be prepared, and immediately, rule number one is that if you are from Des Moines, you have no clue what you’re talking about. It wouldn’t be fair to leave a location that is in the very title of the poem out of this list, but more important than it being in the title is it plays an essential role in humanifying Spears through a relatable opinion towards tourists. The polar opposite of the dynamic that contains Spears’s heart-wrenching stories is contrasted by these humorous and passionate outbursts regarding muffalettas. It is reminiscent of how almost everyone treats their favorite/local specialty. In adding this chapter from "Tourism and Taste: Exploring Identities", I am hoping to give the reader a deeper understanding the effects of tourism on culture and cuisine. With tourism being the target of Spears’s ire in this poem, it is important to get a better understanding of the issue. Bite Me describes tourism as the “quest for the ever-fleeting dimension of “local” and “typical”, this kind of pursuit-focused manner being the exact contention Spears has with tourism—outsiders looking to conquer this new meal, and in the process misconstruing its recipe, especially the personal significance it has to spears.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350044616&amp;tocid=b-9781350044616-chapter6" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 15:20:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744399497</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pin 3 (Dyllon Preston) - New Orleans, LA, USA</title>
         <author>dyllonpreston</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744492948</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>New Orleans is relevant to us understanding the poem “Eating a Muffaletta in Des Moines” by Brian Spears as it is the cultural city center of the poem. However, what the location of New Orleans adds beyond that of ‘Cajun Country’, and other culinary significant locations, is its story of rebuilding, and the understanding of cuisine as a healing force. This comes due to the mentioning of the destructive force of Hurricane Katrina in the poem. What this uniquely adds is the opportunity for Spears to mirror his own tragedy, and his own healing process through food. For the generations that have lived in this country, each location holds many sad stories, and Spears uses his personal experiences to draw upon the locations with the saddest stories in order to properly express the significance of how to do a muffaletta right. This writing style is incredibly unique, especially mixed with Spears’s personable humor, it gives the reader the kind of emotional whiplash that is needed to make a piece of writing interesting. What Hurricane Katrine is to this poem isn’t just a simple tragedy mentioned in passing, but rather the mounting of emotional weight onto something as intangible as the ‘perfect muffalleta’, emotions mounting into the eventually collapse with Spears’s story of betrayal on I-22 West, emotions healed by through food. By adding this reference to Authentic Creole: Tourism, Style, and Calamity in New Orleans Restaurants (https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474220156&amp;tocid=b-9781474220156-chapter15), I am increasing the multimodal rhetorical situation for the reader by providing a broader context to how Hurricane Katrina affected New Orleans, as well as demonstrating how the theme of food being a healing force is mirrored in reality. I am also including this picture as a visual guide to the damage in New Orleans. As it can be clearly seen, there is a lot of deep shades of red, depicting major damage.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.lsu.edu/faculty/fweil/KatrinaMaps/LSUKatrinaSurveyMap-DamagePerTract.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 15:35:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744492948</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>South Carolina, USA -- Joshua Brient -- Draft</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744901279</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>South Carolina is relevant to our understanding of the poem "Cook" because this state is related to both of the foods mentioned in “Cook,” as well as to the cultural and historical aspects referenced in the poem. <br><br></div><div>The two foods mentioned in the poem “Cook” are okra and tomatoes, vegetables that originated in distant places, and were brought to this country through violence and that, today, are favorites of South Carolina cooking. Okra was brought to America as a byproduct of the slave trade, while the tomato was a crop originating in South America that was introduced to Europe and then North America through the Columbian exchange. These vegetables had cultural significance to indigenous peoples, and both were taken through aggression and absorbed by foreigners into their own cuisine. Today, okra and tomatoes are a staple of South Carolina’s food culture. Both vegetables can be found at dinner tables and restaurants and growing in local farms across the state, and their origin as foods related to conquest and subjugation is forgotten.<br><br></div><div>I was also struck by the cultural and historical references to South Carolina found in the poem “Cook.” South Carolina was one of the founding states of the Confederacy and was the first state to secede from the Union. South Carolina’s large, cash-crop plantations were built on the backs of enslaved peoples. Racism and slavery were a part of life here, and it is safe to assume that stories of pain and suffering like that told by Mariah Cook(e) were common in South Carolina history. Mariah’s use of the word “buckra” to describe her master more concretely links the poem to South Carolina. “Buckra” is a Gullah word meaning “white man,” and the Gullah language was developed and used primarily by enslaved populations living in coastal Georgia and South Carolina.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the “South Carolina Slave Map” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving them a visual reference to the extent of slavery present in South Carolina. This map was published in 1861 as a part of an edition of Harper's Weekly, which was the most popular illustrated newspaper of the day. The map shows the relative population of slaves and whites -- the darker the color the larger the slave population. On examination, we can see that some counties are over 85% slaves. This shows how reliant South Carolina society was on enslaved populations.</div><div> <br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/676376465/36d5624bf7d549c195561b552eeaa283/south_carolina_slave_map.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 16:57:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744901279</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>FINAL Pin 2: Carrollton, GA, USA - Matthew Wright</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744959477</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Carrollton, Georgia is relevant to the us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” by Melissa Dickson because the author, who teaches at the University of West Georgia, lives in this city. The large disconnect between her home location and avocados allows her themes and metaphors to resonate more with the audience. In “Ode to the Avocado,” Dickson analogizes an avocado’s imperfect life span to human life. In one line, she describes the avocado as “an unyielding block of sun-cured clay,” a phrase that could be used to describe the terrain of Carrollton, as supported by the dry assessment of Carrollton’s region in Prism Climate Group’s map of the average annual precipitation in Georgia. Dickson is comparing the flaws of the avocado to the imperfections in Carrollton’s terrain. Additionally, Carrollton is by no means known for its avocado production, as it is not humid enough there to grow the fruit. Most of the avocados in the world are actually produced in parts of Mexico that are close to the equator. However, even though it is really tough to grow avocados in Carrollton, it is still a place to be loved. This idea relates to the author’s ideas of self-love and acceptance of imperfections presented in her avocado-human analogy.</div><div>In adding the source of the map of the average annual precipitation in Georgia to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing them with data that back up the literary and climatic claims made in the pin.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675476229/55fca820751e7ddc777698518410c1dc/GA_300.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:09:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744959477</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744963565</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Carrollton, Georgia is relevant to the us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” by Melissa Dickson because the author, who teaches at the University of West Georgia, lives in this city. The large disconnect between her home location and avocados allows her themes and metaphors to resonate more with the audience. In “Ode to the Avocado,” Dickson analogizes an avocado’s imperfect life span to human life. In one line, she describes the avocado as “an unyielding block of sun-forged clay,” a phrase that could be used to describe the terrain of Carrollton. She is comparing the flaws of the avocado to the imperfections in Carrollton’s terrain. Additionally, Carrollton is by no means known for its avocado production, as it is not humid enough there to grow the fruit. Most of the avocados in the world are actually produced in parts of Mexico that are close to the equator. However, even though it is really tough to grow avocados in Carrollton, it is still a place to be loved. This idea relates to the author’s ideas of self-love and acceptance of imperfections presented in her avocado-human analogy.
In adding the source of the map of the average annual precipitation in Georgia to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing them with data that back up the literary and climatic claims made in the pin.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:10:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/744963565</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>FINAL Pin 3: Mexico - Matthew Wright</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745053970</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” by Melissa Dickson because the large majority of the world’s avocados are grown in this region. In the poem, Dickson never mentions any specific locations, as the piece is mostly about an analogy between human life and an avocado’s life. However, the origin of the avocado is still very relevant to the poem, as it facilitates a sense of disconnect between the average American reader and the avocado. Perhaps the most notable intended audience of this poem is the people of the Southern United States. In general, this group of people has a very different knowledge concept of the avocado than the people who grow the fruit. In “Ode to the Avocado,” Dickson describes the features of a whole, ripe avocado. However, in the South, the avocado is almost always cut or mashed in some way before it makes its way to the dinner table. How many people in the South see the avocado is so much different than how many people in Mexico, for instance, see the fruit. Similarly, the ways in which human beings see themselves can often be far different from how other people see them, which is a message that Dickson conveys many times in her poem.</div><div>In adding the source of an audio clip about Mexican avocado production to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing them with the production and consumption relationships between different countries, details about why Mexico is the world leader of avocado production, and an in-depth look into the agricultural and industrial processes that bring avocado products to our stores.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_-EwkaxZek" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:27:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745053970</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745071239</link>
         <description><![CDATA[
1) South Carolina: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Cook" because this state is related to both of the foods mentioned in “Cook,” as well as to the cultural and historical aspects referenced in the poem. 

The two foods mentioned in the poem “Cook” are okra and tomatoes, vegetables that originated in distant places, and were brought to this country through violence and that, today, are favorites of South Carolina cooking. Okra was brought to America as a byproduct of the slave trade, while the tomato was a crop originating in South America that was introduced to Europe and then North America through the Columbian exchange. These vegetables had cultural significance to indigenous peoples, and both were taken through aggression and absorbed by foreigners into their own cuisine. Today, okra and tomatoes are a staple of South Carolina’s food culture. Both vegetables can be found at dinner tables and restaurants and growing in local farms across the state, and their origin as foods related to conquest and subjugation is forgotten.

I was also struck by the cultural and historical references to South Carolina found in the poem “Cook.” South Carolina was one of the founding states of the Confederacy and was the first state to secede from the Union. South Carolina’s large, cash-crop plantations were built on the backs of enslaved peoples. Racism and slavery were a part of life here, and it is safe to assume that stories of pain and suffering like that told by Mariah Cook(e) were common in South Carolina history. Mariah’s use of the word “buckra” to describe her master more concretely links the poem to South Carolina. “Buckra” is a Gullah word meaning “white man,” and the Gullah language was developed and used primarily by enslaved populations living in coastal Georgia and South Carolina.

In adding the source of  “South Carolina” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving them a better overall understanding of South Carolina. This source goes into much more detail than I can and it is good to have the fuller picture of a place so crucial to “Cook.”]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:31:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745071239</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>FINAL Pin 1: Southern Florida, USA - Matthew Wright</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745095329</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Southern Florida is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” by Melissa Dickson because this region has undergone many gastronomical shifts over the past few decades. Over the last century, South Florida has rapidly become a melting pot of various Latino cultures. As a result, many Latino ingredients and dishes “had become part of the Southern [Floridian] diet by the late 1980s” (352), according to Nathalie Dupree in her chapter of the <em>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</em>, titled “United States: The South.” One of these ingredients was the avocado, a fruit that has caused a craze all over the Southern United States. Most notably, avocados are the main ingredient in guacamole, an extremely popular dip for tortilla chips and other snack foods. This introduction of avocados into the Southern United States in the form of guacamole heavily relates to the sense of disconnect presented in “Ode to the Avocado,” as for most Southern people, including the author, probably have a much different view of the avocado than the growers in the fruit’s origin nations. This cultural and gastronomical barrier allows Dickson’s human-avocado analogy to more sufficiently resonate with the average reader, thereby conveying the author’s ideas in a more impactful manner.</div><div>In adding the source of <em>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: The Americas </em>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining the degree of Hispanic influence regarding gastronomy in different areas of Florida.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208666&amp;tocid=b-9781474208666-004952&amp;st=dupree%23b-9781474208666-005006" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:36:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745095329</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ethiopia -- Joshua Brient -- Draft</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745095685</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ethiopia is relevant to us understanding the poem "Cook" because it is the East African country from which okra originated. Okra, one of two foods mentioned by the narrator, has been a staple of Southern food and culture since its arrival in America. Interestingly, it was brought to this country by people who were uprooted from their homes and thrust into slavery an ocean away; they brought okra with them and passed it on to future generations as part of their culinary and agricultural traditions (Sprout). In “Cook” the mention of okra is important as it is one of the “babies” nurtured in the narrator’s “small patch of something.” For Mariah Cook(e), okra provides comfort and pleasure; it is more than just a vegetable -- it is a symbol of culture and home. Furthermore, these small gardens that slaves often tended to were used to supplement their diets. The food that they were given was often not enough to live on and as such these gardens helped them get the nutrients they need to survive. Cook(e) sees her farming of these plants as if she is tending to her babies, and in a sense, she is: such actions are needed for the future survival of her and generations to come. Okra is a superfood and as such, it was an immensely important crop to have in these slave gardens. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of “A Southern Staple Born of Violence: A Brief History of Okra” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a more detailed background of this food that has such a rich history behind it.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://friedmansprout.com/2019/12/02/a-southern-staple-born-of-violence-a-brief-history-of-okra/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:36:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745095685</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745099384</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Southern Florida is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” by Melissa Dickson because this region has undergone many gastronomical shifts over the past few decades. Over the last century, South Florida has rapidly become a melting pot of various Latino cultures. As a result, since the 1980s, many Latino ingredients and dishes have become staples of South Floridian cuisine. One of these ingredients is the avocado, a fruit that has caused a craze all over the Southern United States. Most notably, avocados are the main ingredient in guacamole, an extremely popular dip for tortilla chips and other snack foods. This introduction of avocados into the Southern United States in the form of Guacamole heavily relates to the sense of disconnect presented in “Ode to the Avocado,” as for most Southern people, including the author, probably have a much different view of the avocado than the growers in the fruit’s origin nations. This cultural and gastronomical barrier allows Dickson’s human-avocado analogy to more sufficiently resonate with the average reader, thereby conveying the author’s ideas in a more impactful manner.
In adding the source of Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: The Americas to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining the degree of Hispanic influence regarding gastronomy in different areas of Florida.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:37:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745099384</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>South America -- Joshua Brient -- Draft</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745110914</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>South America is relevant to us understanding the poem "Cook" because this is where the second food specifically mentioned by the narrator, the tomato, originated. The tomato was introduced to North America through the Columbian exchange, a pattern of trade involving the shipment of plants, animals, ideas, diseases, and people (including the enslaved) between Europe and Africa and the Americas (“History of Tomatoes”). Similar to okra, the tomato had cultural significance to many indigenous peoples, and it was taken and used by foreigners as their own. The movement and use of crops like tomatoes and okra in many ways reflect the slave struggle; these crops, as with enslaved populations, were uprooted from their homes and used to “feed” the needs of those who stole them away. Enslaved people were treated as resources -- or crops -- rather than humans. Ellis tells Cook(e)’s story of rape and mistreatment, and this was not an isolated event in the history of slavery; she is viewed by her owners as basically a good to be bought, sold, and traded. Today, tomatoes are under the spotlight as in many parts of the world they are being farmed by slave labor. As greed for profit runs rampant through our world companies look for ways to make production costs cheaper. Often the “solution” is found with workers that are essentially reduced to slaves. </div><div> </div><div>In adding the source of "The Columbian Exchange: Crash Course World History" to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing an auditory and visual history and explanation of what the Columbian Exchange really was. Through this source, we can further see the paralleled exchange of people and food/crops and how both of these exchanges changed the world forever.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4&amp;ab_channel=CrashCourse" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:39:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745110914</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745112016</link>
         <description><![CDATA[South America is relevant to us understanding the poem "Cook" because this is where the second food specifically mentioned by the narrator, the tomato, originated. The tomato was introduced to North America through the Columbian exchange, a pattern of trade involving the shipment of plants, animals, ideas, diseases, and people (including the enslaved) between Europe and Africa and the Americas (“History of Tomatoes”). Similar to okra, the tomato had cultural significance to many indigenous peoples, and it was taken and used by foreigners as their own. The movement and use of crops like tomatoes and okra in many ways reflect the slave struggle; these crops, as with enslaved populations, were uprooted from their homes and used to “feed” the needs of those who stole them away. Enslaved people were treated as resources -- or crops -- rather than humans. Ellis tells Cook(e)’s story of rape and mistreatment, and this was not an isolated event in the history of slavery; she is viewed by her owners as basically a good to be bought, sold, and traded. Today, tomatoes are under the spotlight as in many parts of the world they are being farmed by slave labor. As greed for profit runs rampant through our world companies look for ways to make production costs cheaper. Often the “solution” is found with workers that are essentially reduced to slaves. 

In adding the source of "South America" to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a deeper history into South America. One can better understand the area and culture in more aspects than I present.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 17:39:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745112016</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New England, USA - Wendy Han</title>
         <author>ChewyBeb</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745431428</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>New England is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because<em> as the place where many of the first English settlers landed in the New World, it set in stone many of the dishes and patterns we continue to see to this day in American cuisine. Not only are many of the dishes mentioned in “Vocabulary Lesson” associated in New England, such as hasty pudding, johnnycakes, and succotash, those dishes originated through a familiar process of cultural melding between indigeneous and European cultures. Many of us remember the tale of how Thanksgiving came to arise, and how the indeigenous Patuxet helped the Pilgrims survive in their new home. Coming to mind is how they taught the Pilgrims to grow corn using fish as fertilizer. Just as how important corn was to the Patuxet, corn became the basis of the Pilgrim’s diet. To this day, New England cuisine is rife with corn-based meals. Corn, the humble crop, symbolizes the cultural syncretization and exchange the Americas experienced in the last few centuries.  Many of New England dishes have roots in the Algonquin people’s cuisine, the predominant indigenous population of Southern New England. They made succotash, cornbread, and the ever famous clam-bake. New England is one of the first locations where such wide scale and emblematic cultural exchange and melding occurred. </em>The following article,<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/15/garden/johnnycake-is-traditional-and-controversal-in-rhode-island.html"> JOHNNYCAKE IS TRADITIONAL, AND CONTROVERSIAL, IN RHODE ISLAND</a>, describes the illustrious and fraught history of the Johnnycake in Rhode Island. By adding this source to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving one a sense of just how complicated the history of a simple dish is. The cultural significance it holds, the numerous controversies and disputes over it, it really does give you a sense of how much importance we put into our foods, and how much we care for them.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/366954684/ac1d8170355c0992953d25911e7ee15f/clambakebabey.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 18:46:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745431428</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>ChewyBeb</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745463914</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Southern Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because it is the source of the corn crop so extolled throughout the poem. It also serves as an example of the diversity corn and its usages developed through the decades and millennia. Most scholars believe that corn originated in the Balsas River Valley of south central Mexico, domesticated from the plant teosinte. Similar to how rice in Asia and wheat in Europe formed the basis of most people’s diets there, corn was the foundation of Amerindian diets, spreading north and south from its hometown. Corn became the pillar of many a Mesoamerican civilization, whether it be the Aztec, Maya, or Inca. Among the Maya, numerous artistic depictions of tamales, which are made from corn based dough, have been found, some rounded, some stuffed, others rolled and even some dripping with an unknown substance. Corn continues to be a building block of cuisine in the Yucatan Peninsula and southern Mexico, eaten for birthdays and celebrations, sold by the street vendors. There’s a vast array of tamales and preparation methods, using all manner of ingredients from banana leaves to squash beans to lima beans. Corn is also used in many pre-Columbian beverages such as atole. One specific variant of atole is sak’ul, otherwise known as white atole, placed on the graves of the deceased. Atole remains a popular drink, particularly for Day of the Dead and Las Posadas. Even through the centuries, corn’s cultural and gastronomical influence has not diminished in the least. In adding the source to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by telling the wondrous details of how the Maya live, and continue to live. One cannot help but be fascinated by the pre-Columbian civilizations, and this wealth of information only serves to flesh out and paint the details and mundanities of life in such states.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 18:54:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745463914</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>ChewyBeb</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745464880</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Southern Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because it is the source of the corn crop so extolled throughout the poem. It also serves as an example of the diversity corn and its usages developed through the decades and millennia. Most scholars believe that corn originated in the Balsas River Valley of south central Mexico, domesticated from the plant teosinte. Similar to how rice in Asia and wheat in Europe formed the basis of most people’s diets there, corn was the foundation of Amerindian diets, spreading north and south from its hometown. Corn became the pillar of many a Mesoamerican civilization, whether it be the Aztec, Maya, or Inca. Among the Maya, numerous artistic depictions of tamales, which are made from corn based dough, have been found, some rounded, some stuffed, others rolled and even some dripping with an unknown substance. Corn continues to be a building block of cuisine in the Yucatan Peninsula and southern Mexico, eaten for birthdays and celebrations, sold by the street vendors. There’s a vast array of tamales and preparation methods, using all manner of ingredients from banana leaves to squash beans to lima beans. Corn is also used in many pre-Columbian beverages such as atole. One specific variant of atole is sak’ul, otherwise known as white atole, placed on the graves of the deceased. Atole remains a popular drink, particularly for Day of the Dead and Las Posadas. Even through the centuries, corn’s cultural and gastronomical influence has not diminished in the least. In adding the source to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by telling the wondrous details of how the Maya live, and continue to live. One cannot help but be fascinated by the pre-Columbian civilizations, and this wealth of information only serves to flesh out and paint the details and mundanities of life in such states.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 18:54:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745464880</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Sunset Strip, West Hollywood, CA, USA - Daniel Carr</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745616687</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Sunset Strip, or more generally, West Hollywood, acted as a large catalyst for LGBT rights and the LGBT movement. Post World War Two, the LA Police Department would focus on policing gay men and women, arresting “3069 men for homosexual offenses” in 1963 alone. However, in West Hollywood, people felt relatively safe to go around bars and such. As long as they didn’t disturb the police, the police wouldn’t disturb them. As time went on, people in LA became more vocal in protesting police oppression and harassment, forming groups like PRIDE (Personal Rights in Defense and Education) and began holding social gatherings in the West Hollywood bar, the Hub. They organized protests before the Stonewall Riots and fought for gay rights. Overall, West Hollywood housed several pro-LGBT bars and nightclubs which provided safe places for members of the community to come to and meet friends and make family. Sunset Strip became a center for the movement and acquiring rights because of all of the safe places. Discussion and safety fosters community and gives room for change. Because the community could live peacefully there, people could see that it wasn’t harmful and it may have allowed previous nay-sayers to change their mind regarding their stance on LGBT rights.</div><div><br></div><div>This article gives much more information to readers about how bars and nightclubs played a role in changing the history of the LGBT rights movement. It also contains images and references to people a part of the movement, like the parade image attached.</div><div><br></div><div>Image: https://tessa.lapl.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/photos/id/24803/rec/5</div><div>Article: www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/story-west-hollywood-came-symbolize-lgbtq-l/</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/678656797/4221df4c9deadd9be5a0f88a12fb49fe/gay_pride.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 19:38:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745616687</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Manhattan, New York, NY, USA - Daniel Carr</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745620435</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Stonewall Riots were a series of uprisings led by the LGBT community which took place in New York. They started in response to a police raid at the Stonewall Inn in Manhattan. After the police became violent, patrons of the Inn and nearby area started fighting back. This became a major point in the fight for LGBT rights in the 60s and 70s. Overall, very few establishments welcomed gay individuals in the 50s. Even among the few that did, the managers and owners were rarely gay themselves. Even the Stonewall Inn was owned by the mafia at the time. This means that when LGBT members go to these bars and such, they might not always see a friendly face - the bartenders and owners that are always there. This is similar to the poem in that the father, the only parental guardian shown in the poem, and how he wasn’t gay either. When the narrator comes to his home, he isn’t sure if he will come home to a friendly face who supports all his decisions. However, when communities are built and consistently supportive, people can be much more comfortable to come out and be more open in their discussion. </div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of the article and video to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by allowing them to read more in-depth about the community's support.</div><div><br></div><div>Video: https://youtu.be/Q9wdMJmuBlA</div><div>Article: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_riots</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://youtu.be/Q9wdMJmuBlA" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 19:40:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745620435</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745621193</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The Stonewall Riots were a series of uprisings led by the LGBT community which took place in New York. They started in response to a police raid at the Stonewall Inn in Manhattan. After the police became violent, patrons of the Inn and nearby area started fighting back. This became a major point in the fight for LGBT rights in the 60s and 70s. Overall, very few establishments welcomed gay individuals in the 50s. Even among the few that did, the managers and owners were rarely gay themselves. Even the Stonewall Inn was owned by the mafia at the time. This means that when LGBT members go to these bars and such, they might not always see a friendly face - the bartenders and owners that are always there. This is similar to the poem in that the father, the only parental guardian shown in the poem, and how he wasn’t gay either. When the narrator comes to his home, he isn’t sure if he will come home to a friendly face who supports all his decisions. However, when communities are built and consistently supportive, people can be much more comfortable to come out and be more open in their discussion. 

In adding the source of the article and video to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by allowing them to read more in-depth about the community's support.

Video: https://youtu.be/Q9wdMJmuBlA
Article: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_riots
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 19:40:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745621193</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Canada - Wendy Han</title>
         <author>ChewyBeb</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745778605</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Canada is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because of <em>the mention of bannock, and Canada’s tense and fraught history with the dish. Bannock is unique as it’s one of the few dishes used ubiquitously by Arctic, Plains, Sub-arctic, and Pacific cultural areas. However, this is because of encroaching Canadian expansion; indigenous folk could no longer rely on their traditional sources of food, derived from the land, and had to depend on government supplied rations. These rations consisted of the typical British Canadian diet of the time- wheat flour, sugar, lard, and butter. Modern day indigenous recipes of bannock are clearly influenced by this history, and the descendants of today struggle over the legacy of bannock. Has it been absorbed by the indigeneous folk as one of their one? Or is it a symbol of deprivation and assimilation by the dominant group? The whole poem “Vocabulary Lesson” is about the versatility and variety of ways one can feed others using corn, and its sheer ubiquity throughout the Americas, particularly Southern US. Bannock’s history in Canada gives us an opposing perspective- agreeing with the poem about how many people depend on corn, but turning what were originally strengths into complicated downsides, into complex symbols of oppression and economic ruin, but also of unity. </em>In adding the source to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by bringing in native voices to the picture. It explores the complex and mixed feelings modern day indigeneous people have about bannock and its significance, and that lends it a dimension need to create a more nuanced picture of corn cuisine.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/366954684/30deb025d5f7a84ecd9feed8758532ba/weiland_dehcho_nahanni_butte_42_0.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 20:38:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745778605</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>ChewyBeb</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745779602</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Canada is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because of the mention of bannock, and Canada’s tense and fraught history with the dish. Bannock is unique as it’s one of the few dishes used ubiquitously by Arctic, Plains, Sub-arctic, and Pacific cultural areas. However, this is because of encroaching Canadian expansion; indigenous folk could no longer rely on their traditional sources of food, derived from the land, and had to depend on government supplied rations. These rations consisted of the typical British Canadian diet of the time- wheat flour, sugar, lard, and butter. Modern day indigenous recipes of bannock are clearly influenced by this history, and the descendants of today struggle over the legacy of bannock. Has it been absorbed by the indigeneous folk as one of their one? Or is it a symbol of deprivation and assimilation by the dominant group? The whole poem “Vocabulary Lesson” is about the versatility and variety of ways one can feed others using corn, and its sheer ubiquity throughout the Americas, particularly Southern US. Bannock’s history in Canada gives us an opposing perspective- agreeing with the poem about how many people depend on corn, but turning what were originally strengths into complicated downsides, into complex symbols of oppression and economic ruin, but also of unity. In adding the source to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by bringing in native voices to the picture. It explores the complex and mixed feelings modern day indigeneous people have about bannock and its significance, and that lends it a dimension need to create a more nuanced picture of corn cuisine.]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-14 20:38:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745779602</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>yyang825</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745824490</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Poem: How You Kill a Hog, author Rebecca Gayle Howell

The poem that I was assigned with is the “How You Kill a Hog” by Rebecca Gayle Howell. The author describes the scene of a butcher killing and processing a sow that he keeps on the farm. The butcher was recalling his memory of how he nicely took care of the sow when she was furrowing simultaneously with processing the body of the sow. The way that he kill and process the hog is, in my perspective, a way of expressing his great gratitude to life and food. 
This poem is all about a how man kill a hog. So It is quite difficult for me to pick up a location, because I’ve never killed an animal, except mosquitos and some unknown bugs, or watched anyone kill an animal. In the end, I decided to focus on the history of human domesticating hogs as one of their important protein resources. The location that I picked is the Mesopotamia which is located in today’s Iraq. The Mesopotamia is situated within the Tigris-Euphrates river system, and it’s also a place that rose some of the earliest human civilizations and agriculture. Evidence suggests that in Mesopotamia pigs were first domesticated from wild boar, and this time can be dated back before 11400 years ago.
At around 4500 BC, the domesticated pigs were introduced to Northern Europe. Farmers in the Europe then interbreed their domesticated pig with the local wild boars and created the ancestors of modern pigs.]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-14 20:59:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745824490</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kéa, Greece (Yuzheng Yang)</title>
         <author>yyang825</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745843108</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Island of Kéa is relevant to us understanding the poem “how to kill a hog” because the pig is one of very important elements in the local cultural and food tradition, and there’s some pork recipes that I’m really interested in. Pig-slaughtering is still an important annual festival for the locals on Kéa, as on all the Cycladic islands. This is a very old and pervasive tradition. The pig slaughtering is also an essential undertaking for people to understand the sense of necessary thriftiness of their old generation. More importantly, nowadays, the pig slaughtering has evolved into an opportunity for residents to gather, eat, and drink, while helping in the process of the pork and making sausage as well as cured meats.  In addition to the cultural tradition of pig slaughtering, there is also a very special and traditional pork recipe in the region of island of Kéa, tsiadia (head cheese). It is made by simmering the pig head or hours in watered wine until the meat falls from the bones. Then, after it cools a bit, the flesh is separated from the bones, chopped and mixed with plenty of garlic, lemon juice, capers and freshly ground pepper. The pieces are stirred back into the broth, and the mixture is poured into various containers. Tsiladia is refrigerated overnight, until well set, and it is served as a meze, with slices of bread. However, nowadays, only very few cooks make tsiadia follow the traditional island recipe.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the photo of the at-home pig-slaughtering in island of Kéa taken by Kremezi, Aglaia (2009) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by presenting a nice depiction of a scene that residents in island of Kéa process pork together during the pig-slaughtering festival.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-14 21:06:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745843108</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Farm Sanctuary, Aikens Road, Watkins Glen, NY, USA (Yuzheng Yang)</title>
         <author>yyang825</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745857106</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Watkins Glen, New York is relevant to us understanding the poem “how to kill a hog” because one of famous farmed animal welfare organization “Farm Sanctuary” is located there. In the poem, when the butcher was processing the pig, he also recalled the memories that how he take care of the pig when she was alive. He kill the pig with full of respects to the life and food. Expressing the gratitude and respect to animals that people kill for food is the main theme of this poem. This is also related to how we treat the farmed animals when they are still alive. Animal welfare concerns are have becoming an increasingly important nowadays. It has significant impact upon the way animals are farmed, transported and slaughtered, upon the structures, institutions and regulations that accompany these processes and upon the individual practices of husbandry and care. Animal welfare concerns affect how animal products are prepared, selected, identified, sold and consumed. In many parts of the world, animal welfare is a significant factor in the segmentation of product markets and an increasingly important ethical concern in consumer choice. Farm Sanctuary, is a famous U.S. farmed animal welfare and protection organization, founded in 1986 as an advocate for farmed animals. It was America's first shelter for farmed animals. It promotes laws and policies that support animal welfare and animal protection through rescue, education, and advocacy. Farm Sanctuary houses over 800 cows, chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, pigs, sheep, and goats at a 300+ acre animal sanctuary in Watkins Glen, New York. Improving the lives of animals and making them have a “worth living” lives are always the animal welfare organization like “Farm Sanctuary” continuously making efforts on. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the YouTube link of introductory  video of farmed animal welfare and protection company “Farm Sanctuary” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by provided some more specific information about what does a animal welfare company do and how they make their efforts to improving the lives of farmed animals.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7I9dHxy2aU" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 21:13:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745857106</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Gabriel Montes Cuba(9/14)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745909014</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Cuba: is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Glory Be-b-q” by Jay Hopler because a knowledge of the indegenous culture and traditions of the island itself gives the reader a greater understanding and appreciation for the cultural context of the poem and the barbecue desrebed therein. Hopler describes himself as being in a barbecue and all the sensory experiences that go alongside his attendance of this barbecue, but the barbecue itself is better understood in the cultural context of the cultural and culinary syncretism which moved the barbecuing style of meat, specifically pork, from the caribbean Taino cultures to the American South. Hopler’s barbecue is assumedly taking place in the American South because of the use of English in the dialogue and the consumption of notably american products like Coca-Cola. That being established, syncretism from Cuba is implied since barbecuing was originally a Taino practice which moved to the American mainland and hence the South. Even modern traditional dishes contained “barbecued” pork in a sense like the dish lechon which is a slowly roasted whole pig which is roasted by a wood fire in a literal pit in the ground like the barbecue pits which are common names for barbecue restaurants. Southern barbecue being only a slight variation of that Cuban dish lechon, has large cuts of meat or sometimes whole pigs also slow roasting over a wood fire which is roasted in a smoker which is above the ground and seasoned with southern barbecue flavorings instead of Caribbean spices. In adding the source of a <a href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/history-barbecue">description of the origin of barbecue </a>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by further supporting the previous claims about the origins of barbecue and further assert the cultural heritage as being tied to that of Cuba and the main Caribbean islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hispana. This adds to the cultural understanding of the poem and creates a sense of historical and cultural context to the barbecue in Hopler’s poem.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/history-barbecue" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 21:43:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745909014</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Gabriel Montes (9/14)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745911591</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>multi-media source</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675509811/2c8b0caf867a925f1d0c3fcfc40e4f2a/lechon_picture.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 21:44:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745911591</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Gabriel Montes Georgia (9/14)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745915944</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Georgia: is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Glory Be-b-q” by Jay Hopler because understanding the cultural and linguistic background of this state adds a new set of context to the poem and allows for the dialogue to develop the setting of the poem much further than would otherwise be possible. In “The Glory Be-b-q” the narrator is addressed by someone else who is presumably a part of the barbecue with a short staccato list of ingredients which almost reads with a southern drawl which is typically associated with the state of Georgia: “Hopler! Brisket &amp; black-eyed peas, Co’-Cola!”. Even though the accent was not conveyed through the poem, the use of a southern dialect in the barbecue attendee’s statement allows us to analyze the person’s speech and notice the noticable omissions of the essential elements of formal speech such as verbs, articles and syllables from the words. In a formal setting these omissions would make this sentence an unintelligible list of nouns and confuse a reader if they were unaware that these major omissions were the trace signs of someone speaking in the American Southern dialect which adds to the setting of the poem significantly by describing the cultural and linguistic setting of the barbecue. In adding the source of a <a href="https://wanderwisdom.com/travel-destinations/A-Guide-to-Southern-Accents">guide to the southern accen</a>t to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the accent itself a greater context and a better appreciation for the speech which could easily be shrugged off as uneducated or otherwise improper.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://wanderwisdom.com/travel-destinations/A-Guide-to-Southern-Accents" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 21:47:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745915944</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Georgia Gabriel Montes (9/14)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745918242</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>multi-modal source</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHCB6_oiOqc" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-14 21:49:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/745918242</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Zambia</title>
         <author>amahadevan37</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746246204</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Ashwin Mahadevan<br><br>Zambia is relevant to us understanding the poem “A Theory of Pole Beans” because it represents what can be seen as an ancestral trail to today’s green beans. Originally, green beans were first grown in Peru , and later diffused to different parts of the world including Eastern Africa. Through migrants and trading, green beans became prominent throughout the globe. Furthermore, I also choose an African country to represent the unique enclave green beans are usually categorized into: “soul food”. This term encapsulates a variety of southern cooking, but usually always includes green beans and cornbread. Interestingly, this genre of food was mainly developed through the migration of African Americans from parts of the northern US to the south. In both of these circumstances, one common theme is the globalization and migration of African culture. This can even be seen as two chronologically separate parts of globalization. First, green beans are dispersed to Eastern Africa from a myriad of locations including Peru. Then, through a combination of music, culture, and cooking, it is again assimilated into African American culture. Lastly, this is combined with other distinguishing factors in the south to create a special niche for green beans in American culture. In adding “Agriculture in Zambia: A Quick Guide to Growing Green Beans” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by emphasizing the historical waves of migration behind southern dishes, specifically green beans and its unique ties to African culture. <br><br>Audio/ Video Link: https://youtu.be/PuQLCFFxALU</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://agricultureinzambia.com/quick-guide-growing-green-beans/#:~:text=Zambian%20farmers%20prefer%20to%20farm,generous%20crop%20with%20little%20effort" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 01:09:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746246204</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Venice, Italy (Sera Biju)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746479173</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Venice, Italy, </strong>is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because it brings to point emphasis on the European ancestry of the author. The prominent setting within "Backbone" is how the narrator (possibly the author) and her grandmother are sitting together while the grandmother helps the girl get ready for the late church. The narrator would refer to her grandmother as "Nana," an English term derived from the Italian word "Nonna," which also means grandmother. Another reference to the narrator's Italian ancestry could be the mention of "Vivaldi," which is the music composed by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, who was also a Roman Catholic priest in Venice, Italy. The weight to the late church also understood that the family is Christain, possibly Catholic. The grandmother also seems to be in ill-health, from Cancer, so she would be dying soon and using Vaseline to try to cover up her joints, to hide her condition trying to create a layer of fake skin. This memory may be giving value to the author's dead grandmother, who passed away from Cancer. Overall, it's interesting to see the relationship between the author and her grandmother. The poem itself seems like a flashback of the author's Italian grandmother while growing up in Nashville. In the image above from the cover of <a href="https://www.christianbook.com/nonnas-cooking-reminiscing-italian-grandmothers-enoteca/jody-scaravella/9781476774138/pd/67136EB">Nonna's House: Cooking and Reminiscing with Italian Grandmothers at Enoteca Maria</a>, it highlights to us certain norms of Italian culture such as elderly females such as the grandmother and mother passing down family recipes to their daughters and granddaughters. Food is an essential part of family life and Nonna's are preparing classical dishes and teaching the children is known as a norm in the Italian tradition, passing down beliefs and recipes from generations upon generations. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/701116298/ad289c5ee1ee6c768a60793ec77d3041/Nonna.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 03:01:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746479173</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746479567</link>
         <description><![CDATA[is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because it brings to point emphasis on the European ancestry of the author. The prominent setting within "Backbone" is how the narrator (possibly the author) and her grandmother are sitting together while the grandmother helps the girl get ready for the late church. The narrator would refer to her grandmother as "Nana," an English term derived from the Italian word "Nonna," which also means grandmother. In adding the source of Antonio Vivaldi o this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by introducing other references to the narrator's Italian ancestry could be the mention of "Vivaldi," which is the music composed by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, who was also a Roman Catholic priest in Venice, Italy. The weight to the late church also understood that the family is Christain, possibly Catholic. The grandmother also seems to be in ill-health, from Cancer, so she would be dying soon and using Vaseline to try to cover up her joints, to hide her condition trying to create a layer of fake skin. This memory may be giving value to the author's dead grandmother, who passed away from Cancer. Overall, it's interesting to see the relationship between the author and her grandmother. The poem itself seems like a flashback of the author's Italian grandmother while growing up in Nashville.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 03:02:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746479567</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Nashville, Tennessee, USA (Sera Biju)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746486407</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Nashville, Tennessee, USA, </strong>is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because it could describe a memory of the Caroline Randall Williams's past. The author is known for living in Nashville, so it's importance lies deep since it could be a representation of how William's grandmother would take care of her and her siblings as a kid. Tennessee also has importance since it was one of the Confederate States of America, supported slavery, during the Civil War. It's interesting to look into the colloquial language used by the narrator's grandmother such as a "hush girl" and "come here child," which could imply that her grandmother was a white woman, referencing her European and African American history. Nashville and the other Confederate States, soul food (African American ethnic cuisine) is a very prevalent part of mainstream American culture, especially dishes with crops such as potatoes and corn. The creation of Soul Food happened during the colonial period by African slaves on Southern plantations. Some delicacies created during this period of time could be jambalaya, peach cobbler, gumbo, and smothered pork chops. In adding the source of Hidden History: Food from the Soul, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining more in detail the importance of the cultural history of African American cuisine as it pertains to slavery and racial inequality while also integrating it into Westernization and the American diet. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 03:06:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746486407</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746599339</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/texas-bbq-everything-you-need-to-know" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 04:10:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746599339</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Tepito, Morelos, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746621384</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Menudo by Natalie  Scenters-Zapico<br>Cullen Whelan<br>  Tepito, México City, México is relevant to understanding the poem, “Menudo,” by Natalie Scenters-Zapico because of its connections with the physical Menudo dish. Menudo is not a luxurious dish and uses multiple parts of a cow that most cultures view as undesirable or of lower status. Despite the dish's less than elegant ingredients, it is a dish that serves a purpose and used for healing, regardless if that purpose and healing is just for hangovers. Tepito shares multiple attributes with the dish beyond simply being a place of practice; it is a place with a humble background as a working-class area of the city but hosts a huge open-air market that cultivates color as well as culture. Tepito serves as a plausible area for, “Menudo,” to take place while also being able to parallel the symbolism of the story. “Menudo,” conveys the idea of, “it’s not much, but it’s home,” Tepito is able to convey that very same concept, without someone ever having to visit, just upon a simple google search. The poem tells the narrative of an imperfect life and couple, but regardless of the imperfections, it is still their lives and their lives together. For many people living in a more impoverished area, they can relate to that sentiments of the poem by being able to connect their lives to the occupants of Tepito.<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.lensculture.com/articles/adriana-zehbrauskas-tepito-mexico-city-s-fierce-neighborhood" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 04:24:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746621384</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>El Paso, TX, USA/Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746626380</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Menudo by Natalie Scenters-Zapico<br>Cullen Whelan<br>   El Paso, Texas/Ciudad Juarez, Mexico is relevant to understanding the poem, “Menudo,” by Natalie Scenters-Zapico because it is a place of Mexican American connection that was the home to the author of the poem. There has always been debate over the separation of art from its creator and whether art can be a separate entity, especially from authors like J.D. Salinger. Despite the controversy of the topic, I do not believe there is any harm in knowing the author, nor do I believe, “Menudo,” is supposed to be an independent component of the author. “Menudo,” presents itself as a poem that represents both the culture of Mexico and the author, as well as personal experiences of or related to the author. Understanding the complexities of Mexican American relations and what it is like to be Mexican American is important to comprehending why the author would want to tell a tale like, “Menudo.” El Paso and Ciudad Juarez are two cities, two cultures, separated by a wall but connected through a long and sometimes tragic history. Understanding such a complex and dynamic relationship between the two hometowns, provides a context to, “Menudo,” and helps to answer part of the question, “why Menudo?” It is a tale of two separate halves that at times hold both love and animosity for each other, like the relationship, and even sometimes like us.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 04:27:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746626380</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Madrid, Spain</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746634773</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Menudo by Natalie Scenters-Zapico<br>Cullen Whelan<br>1.      Madrid, Spain is relevant to us understanding, “Menudo,” due to its previous influence and relationship with Mexico during colonial times. Madrid houses the monarchs of the country; during colonial times, Spanish culture was passed down and imposed through the monarchy on to its colonies. To understand the food culture of Mexico and how exactly dishes were conceived, it is important to know the food culture of Madrid, the capital of Mexico’s once parent nation. Madrid holds a beauty and regality unlike any other city, tracing what elements were given to Mexico gives more context to the ceremonies that go into making Menudo, but also in writing, “Menudo.” An example of the influence that Spain once held over this area is that fact that Spain brought distilling to the area, now Mexico has a completely unique liquor scene that is just as important to any other culinary element to their culture. Madrid also serves to parallel the tone of the poem, by being superficially beautiful but having adversity and ugliness that lurks right below the surface, both in its past and present. Furthermore, there is a deeper allegory in relation to Menudo the dish and Spain, as Menudo is a hangover cure. Menudo is a direct opposition and result from the imperialism of Spain. Menudo is a Mexican dish that was made to alleviate a Spanish poison.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://janeaustensworld.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/spain-chocolat.jpg?w=500" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 04:32:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/746634773</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>London, UK - Koki Asahina</title>
         <author>kasahina3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747069164</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>United Kingdom is relevant to our understanding the poem “Why It’s Delicious” because of the context behind the traditionally known fable, Jack and the Beanstalk. In the poem is a description of pumpkin seed vines tangling itself around the clothesline pole. This sentence is a parallel to Jack’s magic beans growing overnight. The importance of the location selected, however, lies in the context of Jack and the Beanstalk. During the 1700s when the fable was written, the United Kingdom was suffering great food shortages. A story of a boy trading their cow for beans instead of money emphasizes the importance of food at the time as a form of currency. People believed harvesting would provide greater riches than money, and to a large extent this idea is present in “Why It’s Delicious” with Jeanne growing pumpkins instead of purchasing. By recognizing and researching nuances and correlations in diction between two pieces, readers can appreciate the history and meaning behind foods, and how frequently such meanings are unanimous reflections in fables, culture, and language. Despite UK and USA being oceans apart, storytellers used food as a common tool to depict their era: the magic beans in Jack and the Beanstalk and the pumpkin seeds in Why It’s Delicious. In adding the source of the story jack and the beanstalk to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by introducing a visual animation of a short story. The use of a video will serve as a necessary contrast to the text of the poem, enabling readers to compare the effect that one theme can have in two different forms. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 08:32:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747069164</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pennsylvania, USA - Koki Asahina</title>
         <author>kasahina3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747070590</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Pennsylvania mountains are relevant to our understanding the poem “Why It’s Delicious” due to the poem behind a snapshot of Amish lifestyle. This setting is utilized in tandem with the intended audience of the writer: American citizens. This poem’s purpose uses imagery to paint an average day and invite readers into the countryside America. With such a motive, it is logical to use Amish territory of Pennsylvania as this location has connotations and connections to traditional America. Amish people are known for their conservative lifestyles, rejecting modern civilization and living in respect of their heritage and roots. This appeal to pathos is well founded as it connects with traditionalist Americans, appealing to the roots and nostalgia of Albo’s American readers. It also serves to introduce the Amish lifestyle and food to an international audience, whom are unaware of such traditions. Ultimately Albo’s use of Amish lifestyle as opposed to, for instance, a contemporary New Yorker helps to dig back to the history of the nation, but do so with relevance to the present. In adding the source of video of Amish lifestyle to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by visually presenting the images painted in the text. While the poem does well in its use of imagery for readers to visualize the setting, ultimately the video will help confirm expectations and add a tangible product to be analyzed.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 08:33:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747070590</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>France - Patrick Young</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747924540</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong><em>Duck Confit - Gaylord Brewer</em></strong><strong><br><br>    <br>France is relevant to us understanding the poem “Duck Confit” It is not immediately apparent, but France has the most influence on this poem than any other place. The recipe for Duck Confit originates from France centuries ago. Without a somewhat extensive food knowledge, one can only guess the pairing of “Duck” and “Confit” is the fusion of a multiplicity of spices and, of course, olive oil to deliver a crispy, tender, delicious food. France winds its roots around every single rhetorical situation, just for the simple fact that they invented the actual recipe. For us not to delve into the culture of French cooking would be a war crime. Not actually, but from the standpoint of understanding, France becomes of utmost importance. Not only did duck confit originate from this country, but the real influence of French cuisine is immense in the western culture in which we live. To fully unpack “Duck Confit,” we must begin at the title. There is a complicated relationship between origin and present. The path, changes, and western influence on the actual duck confit recipe will need to be unpacked. Nevertheless, to fully understand the path, we must start at the beginning; this is France. <br></strong><br></div><div><strong>In adding the source of </strong><a href="https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/article_a48e3d2f-4914-5d0a-97b7-243f797d77af.html">NOLA</a><strong> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by touching on not just the actual Duck Confit recipe, but the actual cultural ramifications and story behind duck confit. This article encapsulates the duck confit recipe, with ties to its origin, and story. <br></strong><br></div><div><a href="https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/article_a48e3d2f-4914-5d0a-97b7-243f797d77af.html"><strong>Research Link</strong></a><strong><br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/678554587/16ee2b1f484f8d08a670f32eabaeadff/duck_confit.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 14:17:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747924540</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747925091</link>
         <description><![CDATA[France is relevant to us understanding the poem “Duck Confit” It is not immediately apparent, but France has the most influence on this poem than any other place. The recipe for Duck Confit originates from France centuries ago. Without a somewhat extensive food knowledge, one can only guess the pairing of “Duck” and “Confit” is the fusion of a multiplicity of spices and, of course, olive oil to deliver a crispy, tender, delicious food. France winds its roots around every single rhetorical situation, just for the simple fact that they invented the actual recipe. For us not to delve into the culture of French cooking would be a war crime. Not actually, but from the standpoint of understanding, France becomes of utmost importance. Not only did duck confit originate from this country, but the real influence of French cuisine is immense in the western culture in which we live. To fully unpack “Duck Confit,” we must begin at the title. There is a complicated relationship between origin and present. The path, changes, and western influence on the actual duck confit recipe will need to be unpacked. Nevertheless, to fully understand the path, we must start at the beginning; this is France. ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 14:17:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/747925091</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Miami, FL, USA: Erin Prusener</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748039196</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong><br></strong><br>Miami, Florida is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salt" by Vievee Francis because it encompasses many of the geographical markers mentioned throughout the poem. Miami, Florida was mentioned in the dedication line above the poem along with “for Veedra” who, after reading the poem, I assume to be the author’s sister. Additionally, at the beginning of the poem, the author mentions that she and her younger sister are staying at a resort where they are served seafood. Since Miami is a vacation destination along the Atlantic coast, it is possible that Miami is the actual location where the poem is set, although it is never explicitly stated. Furthermore, I chose this as my location because it is also significant to a central topic in the story – watermelon, or more specifically the racial stereotype that makes out black Americans who eat watermelon to be lazy, uncleanly and childish. In my poem, Francis, and a white man from Georgia both laugh after the author’s sister excitedly exclaims “<em>Watermelon!</em>” after being served the fruit. As Florida is one of the top producers of watermelon in the United States, this location is further supported as being significant to the poem. A powerful line within the poem is when the author writes, “a whole history rides the vehicle, the mule train, the wagon, the dust track of my sister’s outburst.” Through this line, Francis shows that this is not a unique situation, it is one that happens far too often and for far too long as it is gone into detail in <em>The Atlantic</em> article linked above.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/12/how-watermelons-became-a-racist-trope/383529/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 14:38:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748039196</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kalahari Desert: Erin Prusener</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748046487</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Southern Africa is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salt" by Vievee Francis because it is the origin location for the crop of watermelon. Watermelons, part of the gourd or cucurbits family, were originally grown in the Kalahari Desert. While today watermelons are sweet and refreshing, its ancestor was bitter and full of seeds. However, they were grown due to their high-water content. From southern Africa, watermelon crops spread north to Egypt and then to parts of Europe and China. However, it was not until the Columbian Exchange that watermelons were brought to Northern America alongside the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Once in America, watermelon began to be grown almost exclusively in southern states such as Texas, Florida and Georgia since they need a warmer climate to grow. As watermelon are heavy and irregular in size and shape, crops are laborious to harvest. Pre-Civil War, this labor would have been done by enslaved blacks which is a component that ties into the racist trop tying together African Americans and watermelon. While the watermelon we consume today are very different from the variety that first came out of southern Africa, understanding the origin of this fruit is crucial to understanding the historical context of the racist stereotypes that occurs today when it comes to African Americans eating watermelon. The attached link leads to a short, informational, and entertaining video that explains not only how watermelon spread from Africa to all over the world, but also the social impact that this negative association has on black Americans living today.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 14:40:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748046487</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Atlanta, GA, USA: Erin Prusener</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748053422</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>The state of Georgia is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salt” by Vievee Francis because Francis explicitly states that the laughing man at the restaurant is from Georgia. While it is never outright said that this man is white, readers are cued into this detail through the descriptions “from a good family,” “strong values,” and “can go back several generations.” These statements indicate a privileged upbringing, most likely due in part to the color of the man’s skin. The contrast between this man’s reason for laughing at a black girl eating watermelon and the author’s reason is essential to the story. While the man from Georgia laughs because he sees a young girl fulfilling a stereotype, the author laughs more “because somewhere [she wants] to cry.” It is their different experiences and upbringing as well as society’s expectations of them that makes it this way. Therefore, I chose to specify the city of Atlanta as the location for my Georgia pin not only because it is the state’s capital but also because of the city’s diversity. Because of the collision of different skin tones and cultures that occurs within Atlanta, I imagine situations like the one that occurred in the story happen often.  The attached image, taken from a Southern Spaces article titled “Segregation’s New Geography: The Atlanta Metro Region, Race, and the Declining Prospects for Upward Mobility” gives a visual breakdown of the racial demographics of downtown Atlanta and its surrounding areas.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 14:41:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748053422</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Tuscumbia, AL 35674, USA, Jacob Svedberg</title>
         <author>jsvedberg3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748112036</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Tuscumbia, Alabama: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Cook" because it is home to the Belle Mina Plantation. This location is one of the oldest slave houses in the state of Alabama and is said to have been built by and to have housed skilled slaves. Chefs, such as the enslaved woman in the poem, are included in the category of skilled labor, along with artisans, masons, and carpenters. This plantation in northern Alabama was originally 2,500 acres. The woman would have mainly worked very close to the main house, and the Belle Mina mansion was built by the second governor of Alabama, Thomas Bibb, to be an architectural masterpiece. Therefore, the enslaved woman portrayed in the poem served a prominent white male, and the governor of Alabama could be the ideal fit for this role. Also, work on other buildings continued after the main house was built in 1826. Thus, the outhouse for the woman's garden and kitchen could have been constructed near the house because the owners wanted a separate kitchen for their slave cook. Nine acres of the original plantation are currently under the National Register of Historic Places (since October 31, 1972), giving the planation historical significance and recognition like the poem "Cook." Thus, the Belle Mina Plantation is very likely to have been home to the enslaved woman portrayed in the poem.</div><div>In adding the source of <a href="http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/m-6266">Belle Mina plantation</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving a visual image of what the mansion of the planation looked liked and where the enslaved girl was most likely working (the extension off of the west side of the house).</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/m-6266" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 14:52:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748112036</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fort George Island, Jacksonville, FL 32226, USA, Jacob Svedberg</title>
         <author>jsvedberg3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748137716</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Fort George Island, Florida: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Cook" because it is currently one of four states which commercially produces okra in the United States. In the poem, the enslaved woman grows tomatoes and okra in her tiny garden behind the main plantation house where she works. Today, okra is produced in Florida, Georgia, Texas, and California (mainly because of the climate). Therefore, The Kingsley Plantation in Florida is very likely to have been home to the enslaved woman. The Kingsley Plantation is one of the most famous plantations in Florida, and it had the main house, a kitchen house, a barn, and twenty-five slave cabins. The main thematic ideas from the poem and location of the enslaved girl derive from the kitchen and her garden. Thus, the plantation on the northeast coast of Florida, which has a separate kitchen house and most likely a small piece of land for personal crops, not major commercial crops such as cotton and tobacco, perfectly suits the location of the poem "Cook." The only hesitation of picking a coastal area (where the majority of the Georgia and Florida plantations were located) is that the poem would have most likely addressed some phrase or object which hinted at the location on a coast. Weather and crop production is extremely different between coastal and mainland plantations, and okra is best suited for a more tropical climate. The distinction between Florida and Georgia is very hard; Georgia is known for its plantations like Alabama and Missississippi; however, Florida is historically not because of heavy Spanish influence and terrible topography. The piedmont region of Georgia favors crops more than the sandy coastal areas of Florida. However, due to the unparalleled overlaps between the poem and this planation, Flordia is the best-suited location for the poem.</div><div>	In adding the source of the <a href="https://www.nps.gov/timu/learn/historyculture/kp.htm">Kingsley Plantation</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for the reader by providing historical context to the plantations immensely fascinating past and supplying people information to engross themselves into the rich history of the plantation.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nps.gov/timu/learn/historyculture/kp.htm" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 14:58:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748137716</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>China - Patrick Young</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748182681</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong><br><br>4) China is relevant to us understanding the poem "Duck Confit" as they were the first to domesticate this animal. As we enter our deep dive into the interconnected nature of food and literature, it is essential that we fully understand the origin of our dishes and how they relate to rhetorical situations. While duck confit is a traditional French recipe, it is crucial to recognize the main ingredients' roots. In Chinese culinary culture utilizes duck frequently. We cannot mention ducks without acknowledging the influence of China. With our world today, it can be so easy to forget how much deeper life can go. With duck confit, it is easy to pass by and view it as a recipe. Yet, without the chain reaction, the ripple effect of Chinese domestication of ducks may never have been a duck confit. China is essential, as we must explore their rich culinary practices concerning our literary understanding. While it may be difficult to draw many similarities, there is more power in understanding differences. Drawing upon the ability to contrast is an essential skill in life. While duck confit follows a more traditional French cooking style, we can see the apparent differences between French and Chinese culture, all because they concentrated in one place; the duck. <br><br>In adding the source of</strong><a href="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208673&amp;tocid=b-9781474208673-000973&amp;st=china+duck"> Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: Asia and Oceania</a><strong> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by allowing us to grasp the full history of Chinese practices; with relation to ducks in particular. <br></strong><br></div><div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTbwV4v8DZU">Audio Clip</a><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 15:07:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748182681</guid>
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         <title>Crawfordville, GA 30631, USA, Jacob Svedberg</title>
         <author>jsvedberg3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748202398</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Crawfordville, Georgia: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Cook" because it is home to Alexander H. Stephensons' "isolated haven." The small two-story building which was home to one of the most prominent Georgia figures of the time (a member of the U.S. House of Representatives 1843-1853, member of the U.S. House of Representatives again (1873–1882) Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1861–1865, and governor of Georgia 1882–1883). The tiny plantation was home to only a few slaves. Thus, the poem could have been written about the intimacy of a smaller plantation. It was home to a very famous figure and had a very small staff of enslaved people. Therefore, the slaves might have been given more leniency due to the personal relationship with their master and spent that time doing things that passed the time like the enslaved woman's garden in the poem. The location of a more intimate setting can either create a more strict environment or a looser environment when talking about how the masters controlled their slaves. Having less enslaved people on a plantation gives each slave their own space, and from the poem, it is apparent that the woman has her personal safe space. A smaller plantation setting does suit the relationships portrayed in the poem with the enslaved woman and her master and the enslaved woman and the master's wife.</div><div>	In adding the source of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DliTuQTnNI">The Liberty Hall</a> audio clip to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing listeners a unique perspective into the history and intimacy of the small plantation in Crawfordville, Ga. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 15:11:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/748202398</guid>
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         <title>Wyandotte, OK, USA - Anton Lavrouk</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749190409</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Wyandotte, Oklahoma is relevant to us understanding the poem “Married” because Wyandotte, Oklahoma is the home of the Wyandotte chicken, which is mentioned in the poem. Although this in itself is interesting, I think that Wyandotte Oklahoma represents the country lifestyle that this poem portrays. This poem elicits strong imagery of the countryside, particularly of a lifestyle produced through farming. After doing a bit of research I feel like Wyandotte, Oklahoma is a great representation of the place that this poem provides imagery of. I feel like to truly understand a poem is to understand every aspect of the poem. The level on which you understand different aspects of the poem, such as setting, syntax, and diction, depends on how you understand each individual aspect. The more you look into each aspect of the poem, the more you will unlock new avenues of analysis in regard to the poem. I think an understanding of Wyandotte Oklahoma, will give additional insights into the operations of a farming lifestyle in America. It is cool that I can connect to the poem more simply by doing more research into the origins of the Wyandotte chicken. <br><br>Adding this source to this pin increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving further description of the origins of the Wyandotte Chicken. On top of that, the source also provides a good idea of what the atmosphere in the setting of this poem may have been like. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.wyandotte-nation.org/culture/history/general-history/wyandotte-oklahoma/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 18:23:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749190409</guid>
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         <title>Boston, MA, USA - Anton Lavrouk</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749198777</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Boston, Massachusetts is relevant to us understanding the poem “Married” because the Dominique chicken is the oldest chicken breed in America, so I chose an equally old and symbolic spot in American history to represent it. Understanding US history is very key to understanding the poem. If one has a grasp of the history of United States Agriculture, they will better understand the struggles that the agriculture industry faces today in the United States. They would understand how agriculture has been left by the wayside countless times as the United States continued to evolve as a nation. History is an essential link to understanding any poem. By understanding the history behind United States agriculture, one would connect better to the poem and have a better image of the setting of the poem, as well as more insight into the characters. American farmers most likely at least share some similar characteristics, even throughout history, so understanding the history of United States agriculture would definitely help in an understanding of the unnamed characters<br><br>Adding this source to this pin increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing a beautiful visualization of the history of agriculture in the United States.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/history-american-agriculture.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-15 18:25:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749198777</guid>
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         <title>Plymouth, MA, USA - Anton Lavrouk</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749277242</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Plymouth, Massachusetts is relevant to us understanding the poem “Married” because it is the home of the Patuxet indigenous American tribe. These are the indigenous Americans who helped the pilgrims cultivate the land around them and grow plentiful crops. Thus, in a way, this place is the origin of American agriculture. To understand anything, I believe that it is important to understand its origins. If one understands how United States agriculture came to be, one must understand how much of it we owe to the indigenous peoples who lived in what we now know as America before the European settlers came. We must honor their legacy by maintaining their agricultural traditions. However, we have slowly moved away from these traditions. While one can argue that change is good, remembering where you came from is equally important. Thus, by understanding the origins of American agriculture, the farming techniques that the characters would have probably been using may have originated with the indigenous Americans. On top of that, the longstanding agricultural traditions in American agriculture may have also originated with the indigenous Americans, so we need to make sure that these traditions are upkept and remembered by understanding the origins of our American agriculture.<br><br>Adding this source to this pin increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by telling the story of Squanto, a great contributor to American agriculture and arguably the reason America thrived in its early years.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 18:43:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749277242</guid>
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         <title>Mobile, AL, USA- McKenna Trapheagen</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749320792</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>     Mobile, Alabama is relevant to us understanding the poem “Jubilee” because it is a setting that gives the piece southern, coastal charm and illuminates the meaning of the title. Periodically, a natural event occurs across the shores of Mobile Bay that brings in enormous numbers of sea creatures. An up-welling of waters with low oxygen content force “’[b]ottom feeders” to the surface of the gulf, turning the crustaceans and fish into seafood that is easy to catch (Calvocoressi, line 6). In comparison to the rest of the country, a jubilee of this magnitude only takes place in the quaint inlet of Mobile. Comparing the beauty of the seafood swarm to the glimmer of “Grandpa Les’ Cadillac,” the speaker exhibits the pure joy that such a phenomenon stirs up in the city (Calvocoressi, line 7). Given the rarity of a jubilee, Mobile is the stage for the poem’s ecstatic, communal concert where all are welcome. Each summer, residents unite with giddy anticipation for the perfect jubilee conditions. It is a defining aspect of the coastal metropolis that connects individuals regardless of race, gender, or class. “Jubilee” is a culmination of the excitement that brews in Mobile and the rich, spirited energy it possesses as the origin of Mardi Gras. In adding the song “Mobile Bay” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by describing the whimsical peace of Mobile Bay through auditory art. Singer Johnny Cash emphasizes the beauty of the bay through his musical story of the “magnolia blossoms” and “cool summer nights.” As he shivers in the cold with a group of homeless men, the warmth of memories in Mobile Bay lifts the mood of his song in the nostalgic chorus. Rich and smooth, Cash’s voice possesses elements of longing and adoration for those “warm rollin’ seas.” This auditory rhetoric connects Johnny Cash’s love for Mobile with the poem’s effervescent joy, proving the special splendor of the city.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 18:54:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749320792</guid>
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         <title>Hilton Head Island, SC, USA- McKenna Trapheagen</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749330630</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>     Hilton Head, South Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem “Jubilee” because it is home to the classic Lowcountry Boil, a dish that accentuates the poem’s grand occasion. While the specific origin of this one-pot meal is ambiguous, it began along the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia. It is a massive spread of seafood, corn, and potatoes and bonds communities through the communal pleasure of a meal. From an individual aspect, Hilton Head was the first place I took part in a Lowcountry Boil, sitting amongst a large crowd of fellow vacationers with a mountain of food on my plate. The tradition of the meal reaches far beyond flavor and incorporates aspects of relationships and culture. Tracing back to the African slave trade, the Gullah people introduced the Lowcountry Boil to North America by blending cooking styles from their homeland with Spanish and French culinary techniques. The dish quickly became a source of human connection, as demonstrated in the poem. While the details of the jubilee dishes are not featured in the piece, the concept of welcoming unity is a prevalent theme. Exclaiming “[c]ome down to the water,” the speaker’s inviting spirit mirrors the very essence of a Lowcountry Boil (Calvocoressi, line 1). The “flounder, shrimp, and every blue crab” will likely contribute to a tasty dinner that all of Mobile is welcome to partake in, just as I was embraced into the coastal feast in Hilton Head (Calvocoressi, line 5). In adding the source of “Lowcountry Boil Stew” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers through a visual depiction of this meal and its cultural origins. A part of the collection “Lowcountry Gullah Series,” the painting marries vivid colors with the history of the Lowcountry Boil, giving culinary credit to the group of Black Americans from Georgia and South Carolina known as the Gullah. From the people cooking in the background to the man seated before a bountiful spread, the artwork expresses the rich, collaborative aspect of this coastal cuisine.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 18:56:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749330630</guid>
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         <title>Detroit, MI, USA- McKenna Trapheagen</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749339190</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>     Detroit, Michigan is relevant to us understanding the poem “Jubilee” because of its relationship to the beloved Cadillac featured in the piece. Belonging to Grandpa Les, the Cadillac is a source of intense nostalgia and bliss for the speaker, ignited by the beauty of sound. While the speaker’s connection to the old man and his vintage car is unknown, their admiration for the shiny ride is undeniable. Detroit furthers this wonder and awe, as it is the place where Cadillac originated. Introducing the idea of interchangeable parts to the industry, Cadillac revolutionized automobile design and ingenuity. Lasting for nearly 70 years, the Detroit plant brought revenue and job growth to the city, gleaming as a symbol of American might. “Prais[ing] the man who had the sense to build a front seat like a bed,” the speaker remembers the Cadillac with happiness (Calvocoressi, lines 11-12). Based on Cadillac’s humble, honorable beginnings in Detroit, this joyful adoration is completely believable. In the poem, the sounds of the vehicle bring the speaker’s memory to life. Harmonious noises of “katydids” and tuba-like “springs” frolic through the ears of my imagination as I read in silence (Calvocoressi, lines 12-14). It is a remarkable, sensory connection between the speaker’s detailed words and the classic Detroit-built automobile. In adding the source of “Uganda” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by exploring the influence of sound in a foreign lens. Named after the “sound they make” in Swahili, katydids are a staple in Ugandan cuisine. While their place in American culture is far from culinary, their distinct noise is a universal piece of their identity. In this sense, sound is a predominant feature of “Jubilee” that can be a relatable basis for the emotions evoked by poetry.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-15 18:59:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/749339190</guid>
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         <title>Kent, UK</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750330846</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Kent, England : is relevant to us understanding the poem "Tableau" because damson and bullace plums are commonly cultivated in this region. The first evidence of wild fruit trees of cherries, plums, and bullaces are from the 1500’s. The common person had an abundance of these crops because they were wild and grew very well. Joan Thrisk, the author of the “The Food Scene Captured in Printd” describes these fruits as “home-grown” because it was very common for individuals to have many hedges or trees in their backyard. It was customary for people of England to bring these fruits to the King as an example of a hardworking citizen. The bullace plum, extremely similar to damson plums are a yellow green varietal, which correlates to the translucent color of the plum described in the poem. Similarly, there is evidence of a White plum preserve from a english cookbook which is made by peeling the skin of the plum. The man in the poem is taking the skin off the plum for an unknown reason, but this could be because they are preparing a traditional jam or preserve which are common in english recipes. In adding the source of A Closer Look at Some Foods to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by expanding on the history and food culture of damson and bullace plums in Kent England, and in the broader scope of english tradition. "<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 03:11:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750330846</guid>
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         <title>Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, USA            Garrett Helwig   </title>
         <author>ghelwig3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750331836</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I picked Lake Pontchartrain, LA and the Lake Pontchartrain causeway in particular to help get a better understanding of this poem. Geographically, this specific body of water and causeway are mentioned by name in the poem, which reads: “And for my sister to bring herself, late across the white bridges, twin humps on the billowed back of Lake Pontchartrain.” Mostly known as the cause of many devastating floods after Hurricane Katrina, the mention of Lake Pontchartrain serves to narrow the scope of this poem from any coast where oysters would be abundant to the gulf coast specifically around New Orleans. This is very important for the etymology behind oysters in general and fried oysters in particular, as it limits the type and preparation of said oysters to the uniquely New Orleans style of fried oyster po boys with remoulade sauce. If this poem was centered practically anywhere else, describing its location wouldn’t be as important; however, the culture, hardship, and resilience of the locals in this geographical location translate directly into cuisine unlike any other. Because gulf coast oysters are typically cheaper and associated with a “less refined” taste, it’s a uniquely gulf coast tradition to take advantage of their abundance and cover any unsavoury taste by frying them. This style of oyster preparation serves a twofold poetic purpose: to not only dissociate oysters with wealth, but to also represent the resilience and resourcefulness of southern cooking that so beautifully associates itself with the familial relations that build up the heart of soul food. We see this purpose fulfilled in the poem as the entire family sits down to a feast of cornmeal fried oysters--prompting the author’s sister to race home across Lake Pontchartrain and his brother to come home from Hammond, LA.<br>Additionally, the close proximity to and deadly impact Lake Pontchartrain had on New Orleans is important to the dialogue of southern Louisiana cuisine (see the chapter linked above). However, the rebuilding process that brought the entire nation together also brought about a unique and vibrant character in Southern Louisiana food--emotional food that has been inspired by hardship and whose resilience and beautiful simplicity perfectly mirrors the imperfect lives of those who prepare it.<br>In adding the source of <strong><em>Red Beans and Rebuilding: An Iconic Dish, Memory, and Culture in New Orleans </em></strong>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing an in depth history between the people of southern Louisiana and Lake Pontchartrain. This source focuses on the resilience of New Orleans residents post-Katrina and how this culture has deep connections to the unique cuisine found only in southern Louisiana.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 03:12:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750331836</guid>
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         <title>Westmoreland Place, London, UK</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750333090</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Westmorland, Northern England: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Tableau" because England is very well known for its tea time culture. Although tea is thought to have originated in Asia, in the early 17th century it spread quickly to the English, and became a staple drink during the day. In modern times, tea is considered one of the least expensive beverages, which is why it is the second most consumed drink after water. In england, tea is commonly mixed with sugar or fruits which could be why the man is peeling the plums to make juice. The woman in “Tableau” sips tea during breakfast from a chipped cup, which I correlated to a lower class status. The social status of the couple in the poem is relevant because damson plums are a “home-grown” fruit and they also seem to be growing lemons, denoting a less affluent lifestyle. Once again, tea is a global beverage, but in conjunction with the damson plums and lemons, I can connect the location to northern england which cultivates citrus and plums, and is known for their tea culture. In a specific region known as Westmorland, a cookbook explains that natives there find many uses for the hedgerow fruit (plums) such as preparing them in pies or drinks. In adding the source of Weisburger, J.H. , &amp; Comer, J. (2000). Tea. In K.F. Kiple &amp; K.C. Ornelas (Ed.). The Cambridge World History of Food  and Thirsk, Joan. "Regional and Social Patterns of Diet. to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by elaborating on the correlation between tea and England, and how those both relate to Tableau. "<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 03:12:51 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750333090</guid>
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         <title>Gloucestershire, UK</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750337138</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Southern England (Gloucestershire): is relevant to us understanding the poem "Tableau" because damson plums are very common in this region. In the poem, Thretheway describes a man peeling “damask plums” (more generally called damson plums), which are not the typical type of plum we see in America. The specific varieties of plum described in the poem made it slightly easier to track down the origin. In southern england, damson plums and cherries grow really well, which is why a lot of people grow the fruits themselves. They are small, acidic, and juicy, covered in a rubbery skin. Despite the fact that they grow well and are cultivated by lots of individuals, they come in small quantities to the markets. Additionally, citrus species are vital in english culture. Specifically lemons, which were mentioned to be “freshly picked” in the poem, are very important in sweet dishes in England. The article states they are usually imported fresh or preserved for centuries. Bitter oranges (closely related to lemons) are essential to make marmalade for breakfast. They are said to be grown in South England and sold at British markets. Lemon is an important ingredient in making plum pudding, a common british delicacy. While these two ingredients are found globally, together there is strong evidence to suggest that a pin could be placed in Southern England. In adding the source of Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: Europe to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers  by giving cultural evidence of the prevalence of damson plums cultivated in southern England. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 03:15:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750337138</guid>
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         <title>Covington, LA, USA     Garrett Helwig </title>
         <author>ghelwig3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750337292</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Covington, Louisiana: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Shucking" because it serves as a perfect example of a small Southern Louisiana town near New Orleans that this poem could plausibly be centered in. The speaker in “Shucking” mentions his brother coming home from Hammond, Louisiana and his sister coming home from across the Lake Pontchartrain causeway. While the actual location of the speaker isn’t as important, the image of a small town of only 8,000 is very important--not just for geographical context and understanding--but it also helps define the traditional values of whom this poem is really all about. This poem represents very traditional familial values that are a very important reflection of the old timey, rugged culture that shapes southern Louisiana cuisine. In “Shucking” the father comes home in an old pickup truck with a burlap sack of oysters and starts silently shucking with the protagonist. Once the men (assuming the speaker is the author) have finished their physical labor of shucking oysters, the mother prepares a large feast for the entire family. This traditional dichotomy (where the man brings home the provisions and the woman prepares the food) may be stereotypical, but it certainly provides a very important glimpse into the steadfast and traditional nature of southern food beyond flavor and technique.<br>In adding the source of <strong><em>New Orleans Accents Youtube Video</em></strong> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers  by giving them a truly immersive look into the culture and diversity of southern Louisiana natives. By providing such a wide range of diversity in accents present in one city, the reader really starts to tangibly understand how uniquely different southern Louisiana is from any other region, and how their food reflects this diversity.<br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 03:15:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750337292</guid>
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         <title>Emeril&#39;s New Orleans, Tchoupitoulas Street, New Orleans, LA, USA         Garrett Helwig </title>
         <author>ghelwig3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750338458</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Emeril’s Restaurant (New Orleans): is relevant to us understanding the poem "Shucking" because it serves as an example of how integral oysters are to the culture and cuisine of New Orleans in particular and of the entire southern US in general. For years during and since his famous Food Network show, Emeril Lagasse has been at the forefront of southern comfort food, especially food originating from the southern Louisiana area. For this reason, many consider Chef Lagasse to be an expert in this field and his restaurant to be a reflection of the most integral and ubiquitous foodstuffs that make up the soul of the South. With this in mind, the very third item on the very reduced menu at Emeril’s is nothing else than Louisiana fried oysters. Any item on Chef Lagasse’s menu is important, but to be featured as the third item is a true honor; an honor that shows how shucking and frying oysters isn’t just a time consuming activity mentioned in a poem, it’s a great southern tradition that reflects southern cuisine as a whole. This distinction really frames “Shucking” in a different light, allowing the reader to see fried oysters as more of a symbol than a mere plate of food. It also helps the reader understand the significance of fried oysters on the tapestry of southern food.<br>In adding the source of <strong><em>Emeril Lagasse Menu</em></strong> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by demonstrating the prevalence and importance of oysters in southern cooking. After establishing chef Emeril as an authority on southern cooking, physically seeing oysters as the third item on his menu really drives home how integral they are to this cuisine in a way that no other mode of communication could.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/museumobject?docid=iid-bfol-1593" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 03:16:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/750338458</guid>
      </item>
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         <title>Low Country, SC, USA - Ella Petry</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751279898</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Low Country, South Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem “Drill” because it is assumed to be the place where the poem takes place. Not only is South Carolina where the author grew up, but the narrator also mentions that he and his mother are traveling to the Lowcountry Fair. The Low Country is meant to describe the southern coastal counties in South Carolina which includes, Beaufort, Jasper, Hampton, and Colleton. The author explains this trip to the fair by writing, “At the mailbox, gears knock, knaw, grind, find Forward eventually: we’re missile-heading straight (more or less) for the Low Country Fairgrounds”. As described in the poem, fairs are something that are very prevalent in the South as they are a way for communities to come together and share time and delicious food. Not only does the poem take place in the Lowcountry but many of the food preparations and ingredients that are used in the making of the jam and pickles that will be judged at the fair are reminiscent of the region. Ingredients such as okra, figs, and tomatoes are also common crops in this region and are therefore used heavily in Lowcountry cuisine. Lastly, this area is relevant to the poem because the practices of pickling and canning are very popular in this region as they are both good ways to persevere the excess crops that are unable to be used during their season. </div><div><br> </div><div>        By adding the article and accompanying pictures in "Ribbon Junkies: Behind the Scenes at the State Fair Food Competitions by Patrice Johnson to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining how state fairs run in terms of blue ribbon food competitions. While this article focuses on the Minnesota State Fair, the information can still be of value because it shows the reader all the types of foods that are present in competitions. This can help show some of the preparation that the narrator's mother went through to get the perfect jams and pickles and the type of competition that is expected at these fairs. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.citypages.com/restaurants/ribbon-junkies-behind-the-scenes-at-the-state-fair-food-competitions-6605771" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 12:43:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751279898</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751281327</link>
         <description><![CDATA[1.	Low Country, South Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem “Drill” because it is assumed to be the place where the poem takes place. Not only is South Carolina where the author grew up, but the narrator also mentions that he and his mother are traveling to the Lowcountry Fair. The Low Country is meant to describe the southern coastal counties in South Carolina which includes, Beaufort, Jasper, Hampton, and Colleton. The author explains this trip to the fair by writing, “At the mailbox, gears knock, knaw, grind, find Forward eventually: we’re missile-heading straight (more or less) for the Low Country Fairgrounds”. As described in the poem, fairs are something that are very prevalent in the South as they are a way for communities to come together and share time and delicious food. Not only does the poem take place in the Lowcountry but many of the food preparations and ingredients that are used in the making of the jam and pickles that will be judged at the fair are reminiscent of the region. Ingredients such as okra, figs, and tomatoes are also common crops in this region and are therefore used heavily in Lowcountry cuisine. Lastly, this area is relevant to the poem because the practices of pickling and canning are very popular in this region as they are both good ways to persevere the excess crops that are unable to be used during their season. 

In adding the source of Ribbon Junkies: Behind the Scenes at the State Fair Food Competitions by Patrice Johnson to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining how state fairs run in terms of blue ribbon food competitions. While this article focuses on the Minnesota State Fair, the information can still be of value because it shows the reader all the types of foods that are present in competitions. This can help show some of the preparation that the narrator's mother went through to get the perfect jams and pickles and the type of competition that is expected at these fairs. 
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 12:43:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751281327</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Georgia, USA- Ella Petry</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751349996</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> <br>Georgia is relevant to us understanding the poem “Drill” because it shares many of the characteristics of the landscape and cuisine as shown in the poem. A detail that stood out to be very similar to Georgia is when the author described the driveways as a “maze of red dirt”. This is meant to portray the red clay that makes up most of the ground in states like South Carolina and Georgia. Not only does the poem reference to some of the landscape as Georgia, but the foods and ingredients that were used in the mother’s pickles and jams are ones that are used frequently in southern cooking. Since it is a part of the South, Georgia is a great place to look at in terms of southern cuisine and the role that food has in the region. In the poem, food plays a large role for the characters because it is something that the narrator’s mother does frequently, and she is confident enough to have her food judged at a fair. In many places in the South, food is not just a necessity but something that brings people together and can be enjoyed as a community. This can be seen in the poem as many people are coming from different areas to come together and see whose recipes are the best.<br><br></div><div>      In adding the video “The Man Who Relives Slave History Through Food” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving a greater insight into southern cuisine and where the basics of Southern food originated from. In addition to talking about Southern food, Michael Twitty discusses how food can be used as a source of identity. This idea speaks to the basis of the assignment and to the poem as both show how food can bring people together and shape who people are. </div><div><strong> <br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AchlG09pq4U" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 13:02:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751349996</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ethiopia - Ella Petry</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751385322</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> <br>Ethiopia is relevant to us understanding the poem “Drill” because it is were okra was discovered. In the poem “Drill”, okra is mentioned while describing the different pickles his mother made, “Pay-load of pressure-torqued pickle-jars (wrick-kinked banana peppers, lethal hot-hat peppers, (green) tear tomatoes, hairy okra, baby-dills in brine)”. Ethiopia and the United States are very interlocked when it comes to food customs as shown with the crop okra. Many people today associate okra with Southern cuisine in the United States even though okra originated from Ethiopia. This is because okra, along with many crops, was brought to the United States with settlers and the enslaved. It is because of this movement that okra became so popular in the United States and has become a staple in many kitchens, such as the narrator’s mothers. It is important to learn about Ethiopia in the context of this poem because learning about the history of its foods can show that something that is thought to be such a southern staple came from another country and culture. While it may not be known, in Ethiopia, okra is still a very large part of the daily life and eating habits and will continue to play a large part in its history. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of "Ethiopia and Eritrea by Ken Albala to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by going into the history of Ethiopia and the food that plays a large role in the society. The source goes into the daily meals of a typical Ethiopian and what different food types and crops are used regularly. The chapter also goes and explains how food is used as a social factor to bring people together on special occasions. This adds to the pin because it shows the difference between how crops, such as okra, can be prepared and eaten in two different places, such as Ethiopia and the United States.</div><div><strong><br> <br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208642&amp;tocid=b-9781474208642-000892&amp;st=ethiopia" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 13:10:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751385322</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Veneto, Italy; Adam Lee</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751460212</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ol><li>Veneto, Italy is relevant to us understanding the poem “Why I Can't Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin” because </li></ol><div><br></div><div>Veneto, Italy is where tiramisu originated from which is one of the foods mentioned in the poem I read, “Why I Can't Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin”. But Veneto is in Italy which is also a place where a lot of other foods that were mentioned in the poem originated from such as pizza and parmesan. Therefore Italy is a very significant place in the world in respect to culinary culture. Also the poem references salmon and since Veneto is next to the cost, it would be easier to get access to salmon if Veneto is the place you are at. Parmesan originated from a different part of Italy which is called Parma-Reggio is also part of Northern Italy and not that far from Veneto, Veneto also suits well to be the place that is referenced in the poem because of the easy access to parmesan from Veneto. Finally the poem talks about ordering a pizza in the first paragraph and since pizza is also a well known Italian cuisine, it would also be appropriate to designate Veneto as the city to look into to understand the poem “Why I Can’t Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin” better.</div><div><br>In adding the source of “<a href="https://www.eater.com/2016/10/24/13314196/tiramisu-history">The Mysterious Origins of Tiramisu</a>” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing more context about the origin story of tiramisu and how prevalent a dish it is throughout the world.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/677786405/bb57df93d757556fb9c9ddf7e3370d3d/Screen_Shot_2020_09_27_at_7_55_57_PM.png" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 13:27:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751460212</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Naples, Italy; Adam Lee</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751470615</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ol><li>Naples, Italy is relevant to us understanding the poem “Why I Can't Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin” because </li></ol><div><br></div><div>In the poem "Why I Can't Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin" by Beth Ann Fennelly, the poem opens by describing a fictional scenario where she orders pizza for a friend. To me and my family and many other people, pizza has been a one of the most important, even indispensable, staple, especially almost on a daily basis. In the poem Fennelly describes "order pizza for your cousin- his toppings-"(lines 3). Although pizza is primarily associated with comfort and family they were not always so. </div><div><br></div><div>The modern pizza is from Naples, Italy from either the 18 or early 19th century, and they were solid meals that many people enjoyed including immigrants. Over the next decades the number of pizza joints doubled to 120 by the end of the late 19th century. Some forms of pizza became a luxury cuisine due to the time intensive kneading process. Around the end of the 19th century more variety of pizza came to existence with baking powder and became a staple of the Southern Italian household. This time period is often what people recall when they have pizza today.</div><div><br></div><div>In a modern world where pizza is everywhere, a homemade biscuit is the core of the global comfort food. Pizza is served in most restaurants with every meal of the day. In “Why I Can't Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin” Fennelly implies the easy accessibility to pizza.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of “<a href="https://archive.org/details/pizzaglobalhisto00hels">Pizza: A Global History</a>” to this pin, it increases the background information regarding pizza and how Naples was an integral part of the history of pizza. </div><div><br>Audio Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZoruOm3_5w<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZoruOm3_5w" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 13:29:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751470615</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Naples, Italy; Adam Lee</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751473227</link>
         <description><![CDATA[In the poem "Why I Can't Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin" by Beth Ann Fennelly, the poem opens by describing a fictional scenario where she orders pizza for a friend. To me and my family and many other people, pizza has been a one of the most important, even indispensable, staple, especially almost on a daily basis. In the poem Fennelly describes "order pizza for your cousin- his toppings-"(lines 3). Although pizza is primarily associated with comfort and family they were not always so. 

The modern pizza is from Naples, Italy from either the 18 or early 19th century, and they were solid meals that many people enjoyed including immigrants. Over the next decades the number of pizza joints doubled to 120 by the end of the late 19th century. Some forms of pizza became a luxury cuisine due to the time intensive kneading process. Around the end of the 19th century more variety of pizza came to existence with baking powder and became a staple of the Southern Italian household. This time period is often what people recall when they have pizza today.

In a modern world where pizza is everywhere, a homemade biscuit is the core of the global comfort food. Pizza is served in most restaurants with every meal of the day. In “Why I Can't Cook For Your Self Centered Architect Cousin” Fennelly implies the easy accessibility to pizza.

In adding the source of “Pizza: A Global History” to this pin, it increases the background information regarding pizza and how Naples was an integral part of the history of pizza. ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://archive.org/details/pizzaglobalhisto00hels" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 13:30:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751473227</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Miami, FL, USA (Jedidah Titus)</title>
         <author>jtitus32</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751482115</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1.     Miami, Florida, is relevant to a better understanding of the poem “Mangos, Number 61” because it was the place where Blanco and his family eventually settled. Miami, like most of south Florida is well known for is Latino population, including those of Cuban expatriates. By moving there, Richard Blanco was able to grow up in a community where the cultural values of his parents were reinforced by the values of those around him.  This means that he grew up in a distinctively Cuban bubble, outside of his school environment and other such places like it. Since this new community resembled that of the one his parents and grandparents grew up in, it can be assumed that he was exposed to traditional Cuban values and community. The exposure to Cuban community also brings with Cuban cuisine, such as traditional dishes like <em>moros y cristianos, </em>other dishes that his parents cooked that could not be cooked in Cuba anymore due to scarcity of ingredients and rationing, and once more, mangoes and other such produce. By eating the Cuban food, and speaking Spanish, he engaged with aspects of Cuban culture that became vital to his understanding of the world, and the formation of his identity. However, his Cuban identity is also mixed with his American identity, as he eventually did interact with the Americans who lived there, and was exposed to their cultural values, creating his current hybrid identity. </div><div>In adding the photo of Tamiami Park, the multimodal rhetorical situation is increased because it provides a physical image of  place that was referenced in the poem that held significance to the author and the overall narrative of building a new home where none existed prior.<br>Image Source: Contributor, Unknown. Green Space - Picture of Tamiami Park, Miami. 0AD, www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g34438-d8559619-i146966535-Tamiami_Park-Miami_Florida.html.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675296255/5d7c415163d902e6b08e869f7f38ae82/tamiami_park.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 13:32:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751482115</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Salem, Tamil Nadu, India (Jedidah Titus)</title>
         <author>jtitus32</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751528402</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1.     India is relevant to a better understanding of the poem “Mangos, Number 61” as it played a role in the incorporation of mangoes and sugar into the Cuban cultural landscape. India was the origin of both mango and sugarcane cultivation, which became vital aspects to Cuban agriculture and diets, as well as its economy. Had the Indians not passed the methods of sugar cultivation to the Arabs, who then passed it to the Spaniards, the island of Cuba would not be what it is today, for better or for worse. This means that Cuban history as we know it, would never have existed. It could also be argued that much of the South, which was colonized as sugar cultivation and rum distillation colonies, would not exist, thus leading us to the point that perhaps America as we know it would not exist. Whether or not that is a good thing depends on the person asked, and their worldview Furthermore, had Indians not domesticated mangoes and shared them with others, it is unlikely that anyone outside of South Asia would be eating them, thus robbing the poem of one of its central aspects: the mango.  With that in mind, India played a direct role in the colonization of Cuba and the shaping of its culture, even if that part was miniscule. </div><div>In adding the source of “The Mango in India: More Culture than Fruit,” the multimodal rhetorical situation of the pin is increased for readers as it provides a oral and visual proof of the centrality of mangoes to Indian culture, as it is a video showcasing mangoes in everyday Indian lives, accompanied by narration explaining how important the mango is to the country. <br><br>( I chose this specific location because it is well known for its mango cultivation, something I found out when I visited India for my cousin's wedding. I got to try some unique mango varieties that I've never seen in America).</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spYmuyFNGwo" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 13:42:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751528402</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Bangladesh - Aidan Russell-McCorkle</title>
         <author>ajr30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751641733</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Bangladesh is relevant to us understanding the poem "Savannah Crabs" because the export of crabs is a major part of the Bangladeshi economy and it can be directly contrasted to the local transportation of crabs that takes place in “Savannah Crabs”. In Bangladesh, all the “good” crabs that are harvested are exported, presumably to countries like the United States. This makes it really evident that even though the peak of physical colonization may be behind us, the colonization of outside economies is a very important reality for underdeveloped countries. On top of that, there is an emphasis on crabs being an inherently unpopular food choice in Bangladesh in an attempt to justify the sheer quantity of export when the reality is their local unpopularity could stem from the country being left with all the B tier crabs since all of the A tier crabs are exported away. In contrast, we the crabs in “Savannah Crabs” have a spectrum of varying qualities since they were not subject to the standards in crab export.  </div><div>In adding the source of “Supply Chain and Distribution Channels of Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) in Bangladesh.” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding yet another written source via an electronic delivery method. Though a purely written source is not the most interesting, this journal article provides factual insight on how the global seafood trade effects underdeveloped economies.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 14:07:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751641733</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Maine, USA - Aidan Russell-McCorkle</title>
         <author>ajr30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751652547</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Maine is relevant to us understanding the poem "Savannah Crabs" because the focal point of the poem, the crabs, are an excellent case study in understanding the movement of invasive species and the climate crisis. Though not the same species of crab in the poem, European green crabs are the focus of this particular article cited below. The range of this species is originally, as the name would suggest, the coastlines of Europe. Interestingly though, this article cites the date of their arrival on the northeastern coast of the U.S to be the early 19th century which quite frankly doesn’t make sense. Colonization of North America began in the 15th and 16th centuries, so if their arrival here was an accident, as Mile’s suggests, i.e the crabs hid on and in the hull of the ships, the question that arises is why didn’t they arrive sooner? The two possibilities are that this was not an accident, or it was, and some shift occurred in the European green crab population that is not explained here; both options are equally interesting. Additionally, these crabs have not become a nuisance until recently, and this is due to the rising ocean temperature. The generally warmer winters haven’t killed off as many crabs, which is compounding the issues of invasive species brought about by accidental or intentional colonial practices.   <br><br>In adding the source of Green Crabs are Maine’s Most Delicious Scourge to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by combining visual and written components. Though it is not included here, the article cited for this proposal contains a great deal of photographs, and that is vastly more interesting than just a lengthy article. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 14:09:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751652547</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Atlanta, GA, USA - Aidan Russell-McCorkle</title>
         <author>ajr30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751737088</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Atlanta is relevant to us understanding the poem "Savannah Crabs" because from Adrienne Su’s biography, I found she is from Atlanta, Georgia. According to the book cited below, there has been a Chinese population in Georgia for a century and a half. It is interesting that the author’s parents seem to conform to the culture in the United States even with that century and a half old Chinese population. In places like New York, different immigrant cultures group together and preserve their culture, so it’s possible the Chinese population is spread out enough to where that sense of community isn’t there. The other possibility is that the Chinese community was a strong community in Georgia, but Adrienne’s parent were outliers of the group in conforming to what was around them. Thinking in the time period her parents immigrated to this country, a rise in anti-Asian racism around the time of WWII might have been a reason for this behavior from her parents, and this could have been a factor in the Georgian Chinese community as a whole.   </div><div>Though this doesn’t give insight into Adrienne Su’s family in particular, the author of the book cited below attributes the lack of racism against the Chinese community, compared to the African American community for example, to the tendency of people within the Chinese community to be middle class.  </div><div>In adding the source of " Strangers in the City: the Atlanta Chinese, their Community, and Stories of their Lives” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding another written resource showing the lives of the Chinese community in Georgia and relating that to the foreshadowing of family dysfunction by talking crabs. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 14:27:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/751737088</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Marianna, Florida - Andrew Smith DRAFT</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/752390142</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marianna, Florida is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it establishes the setting as a rural, undeveloped community. The poem itself focuses on the difficulties inherent to rural, subsistence farming. Specifically, it highlights the struggle of food insecurity faced by farmers. This is a universal problem in the agricultural industry, though it is especially prevalent in rural farms. Marianna is definitely a “rural enough” setting to illustrate this prevalence. Rural areas tend to experience higher rates of food insecurity due to their lower number of services for food-insecure individuals, as well as their greater reliance on subsistence agriculture, compared to their urban counterparts. However, the nearest metropolitan area to Marianna is Tallahassee, which is located over an hour away by car. Thus, it is difficult for many Marianna residents, especially those in the farming industry, to find a reliable source of nourishment that does not originate within the community itself.  Obviously, Marianna is not the only rural farming community in the world, but it certainly fits the criteria of being considered as one. The struggles felt in such communities worldwide are felt in Marianna, making it a perfect setting to illustrate the hardships involved with rural agriculture.</div><div>In adding the source of Move For Hunger’s article titled “How Food Insecurity is Affecting Rural America” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by displaying how widespread of a problem this truly is. It provides statistics and specific cases on rural food insecurity, making the true scope of the issue understandable for those with a more logic-based intelligence.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://moveforhunger.org/food-insecurity-affecting-rural-america" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 16:50:21 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/752390142</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Southeastern United States -Andrew Smith</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/752402488</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Southeastern United States is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it both displays a value set specific to this region and indicates the form of agricultural work done on the farms being described. In terms of the value set, it displays one of honor and respect. Southern morals dictate that one should not transfer their hardships unto others. As a result, struggling farmers are unlikely to want to rely on their neighbors for subsistence, trying to solve or simply get through their problems on their own. This can result in farmers experiencing even greater hardship as they don’t ask for help from their community when struggling. Regarding more tangible implications, the poem’s southern setting indicates the types of agriculture performed on the farm. Southern agriculture historically revolved around so-called “cash crops”. These crops are very useful economically, but are typically very poor in terms of subsistence. Additionally, crops like wheat and barley, staples of the midwest, grow very poorly in the southern climate. Consequently, small southern farms resort to growing crops like sugarcane, peanuts, or tobacco, which are practically useless in terms of subsistence, but can be sold to purchase food for consumption. </div><div>In adding the source of “United States: The South” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining which crops are prevalent in southern agriculture. Additionally, it touches on the origins and uses of the foods, highlighting how they came to be a part of the southern culture.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208666&amp;tocid=b-9781474208666-004952" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 16:53:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/752402488</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>St. Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church, Marianna, Florida -Andrew Smith DRAFT</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/752428104</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>St. Luke’s Church is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it displays a widespread commonality amongst rural communities: faith. Religion serves as both a method of explanation and a source of comfort within communities like that of Marianna. Many occurrences within the agricultural sector are not easily explained by those without an advanced education. For example, crop failures can be caused by numerous factors not involving the farmers’ performance. Droughts, floods, locusts, and tornadoes are just a few causes that cannot be controlled, but also cannot be truly explained without deep study into their occurrences. Farmers seek ways to understand what causes their problems in order to avoid them in the future. As a result, they turn to what they know, explaining the hardships they face through the lens of religion. Weather conditions are explained as acts of god, as that is the easiest method of interpreting the situation. This, in turn, provides a form of comfort to farming communities. The ability to say that you are not the cause of your own hardships can be relieving, making individuals even more likely to continue the use of religion. Thus, a cycle of explanation begins, with communities using religion more and more frequently to explain the agricultural problems they face on a daily basis.</div><div>In adding the source of  “Age, Religiosity, and Rural America” by Linda Lyons of Gallup to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by displaying the large gap in the prevalence of religion between rural and urban communities. It shows that rural areas have significantly higher rates of religious affiliation at every age level than their suburban and urban counterparts, further highlighting the trend of rural religiosity.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://news.gallup.com/poll/7960/age-religiosity-rural-america.aspx" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 16:57:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/752428104</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Blacksburg, VA, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753099945</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Blacksburg, Virginia is relevant to us understanding the poem “Pesach in Blacksburg” because it is related to the setting of the poem. This is the actual location in which the poem takes place. This area in Virginia does not have a very high Jewish population, so the individuals celebrating Passover there feel a sense of isolation. It is difficult to celebrate a holiday when there is not a community around which shares the same excitement and passion. The narrator manages to make ends meet and bring a sense of joy past the lack of support. The narrator and his family still feel a sense of connection, even though they must sing the songs, complete the traditions, and eat the feast within themselves. At points, the narrator finds himself letting others join in and mixing languages during the rituals. These two acts are not considered normal Passover behavior, but in this isolated state, the narrator is somewhat forced into it. Regardless, the most is made of the Passover Seder feasts and celebrations. In adding the source of “Ritual and Religion” by Susan Rose to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving some context for the traditions that follow in the poem. There are many parts that work in cohesion during Passover, and if need be, they can be done with a smaller community.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781472599285&amp;tocid=b-9781472599285-chapter8&amp;st=ritual+and+religion" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 19:53:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753099945</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jerusalem, Israel</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753102174</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jerusalem, Israel is relevant to us understanding the poem “Pesach in Blacksburg” because this is the true hub for Jewish celebrations and Passover celebrations, in general. Jews make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem during the celebration to bring together the community and follow the traditions. The poem refers to the “Messianic Jews welcoming Yeshua at the local holiday inn” which shows the leaps that must be made to continue the celebrations. In adding the source of “Mount Of Olives” by The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing what is said to have started the Messianic era. The Mount of Olives, a location in Jerusalem, is thought to represent sacred burial grounds for Jews. This area is said to be the beginning of the Messianic era. This holy location in Jerusalem holds meaning all the way to the present day, where Jews are still supporting and pushing for the Messianic era. Although there is not as much of a community found in the setting of the poem compared to Jerusalem, the intention and significance still stands. There is a definite aim from the narrator and related individuals to keep their roots in mind. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-of-Olives" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 19:54:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753102174</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Egypt</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753103767</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Egypt is relevant to us understanding the poem “Pesach in Blacksburg” because it is the origin to the Passover celebrations. The story of Exodus is commemorated by Passover. The Jews were freed by a god from their slavery in Egypt. They were limited and constrained for years, until finally, they were freed from the sentence of slavery. Similarly, the narrator seems to feel trapped and isolated in his home. There is no true community and connection to those around him. Although this is on a far smaller scale than the stories of the Exodus, this feeling is present nevertheless. In adding the source of “Exodus: From slavery to nationhood: J-TV Jewish History Crash Course #8” J-TV from Youtube to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing that humans have a propensity towards violence. This can show itself in many forms, but for Jews, it came during the slavery in Egypt. Since they were freed, a far larger value was placed on food and specific related traditions. It is difficult to move forward without also remembering the past. That is why a lot of importance is placed in parts of Passover, such as Passover Seder, a ritual feast. Even if it must be celebrated by a distant community, the celebration is what is most important.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4mNGAZnocA" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 19:55:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753103767</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Mexico - Emelia Gapp</title>
         <author>egapp3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753125920</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode” because the poem discusses the making of tortillas to describe the narrator’s grandmother’s final days before her death. The poem states, “We are disappointments - we cannot make good of grief by giving it back to the tortilla”. Tortillas are of abundance in Mexico - thousands of tortillerias line the streets of the city. Corn, the primary ingredient for tortillas, is bountiful throughout the entire country.  The poem stresses the cultural importance of tortillas by associating them to the grandmother’s death. The making of tortillas in the poem is associated with the grief the narrator experiences from the loss of her grandmother. The poem says “she tells us this is the last time she’ll make them for us - she doesn’t think she’ll make it through many more nights of walking on water”, further connecting the making of tortillas to the grandmother’s life.<br><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 20:04:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753125920</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mariana Trench - Emelia Gapp</title>
         <author>egapp3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753141941</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675497688/4de432807f16b7d4ba55a8de95f39e47/E2E9BDB3_5F41_4D2B_AB11BABC728F2A78_source.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 20:10:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753141941</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mariana Trench - Emelia Gapp</title>
         <author>egapp3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753145222</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The Mariana Trench is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Ode”. The poem refers to “walking on water” to describe the grandmother’s efforts to survive. When discussing the grandmother making tortillas, he poem says “she tells us this is the last time she’ll make them for us - she doesn’t think she’ll make it through many more nights of walking on water”. This description reminded me of the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in the ocean. The way the author describes the grandmother’s final efforts made me think of the Mariana Trench because it symbolizes the vast unknown. In the context of the poem, this interpretation describes the future and the mysterious nature of it. Similar to how no one knows what is at the bottom of the ocean, no one knows what the future holds, and thinking about it can be daunting. Describing the grandmother as “walking on water” is also symbolic of her continuous efforts to survive. It is as if the grandmother is simply waiting for herself to fall into the vast unknown, and the rest of her family is already grieving that moment. The poem has a gloomy tone because of the awareness of the grandmother’s upcoming death and her family’s mourning experience. 
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675497688/4de432807f16b7d4ba55a8de95f39e47/E2E9BDB3_5F41_4D2B_AB11BABC728F2A78_source.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 20:11:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753145222</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Brazil - Emelia Gapp</title>
         <author>egapp3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753146343</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ol><li>Brazil is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode”. The poem states “we add bacon and eggs, beans soaked overnight like her stubbornness. She cooks bacon only to save the grease for the beans. She cooks the beans, then cooks the beans.” The poem continues to emphasize the importance of beans and stress that beans are prioritized for the grandmother. This is shown by the fact that the grandmother cooks bacon “only to save the grease for the beans”. Brazil is the top producer of beans in Latin America. Beans are very prevalent in many Latin dishes. Based on the language used in the poem, it can be assumed that the narrator is of Hispanic origin. Beans are important in Hispanic culture because of their frequent use in various Latin American dishes. This is stressed heavily throughout the poem. </li></ol><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 20:12:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753146343</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Pin 1 - Virginia, USA - Hannah Kim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753324132</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Virginia: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Saltine” because it is home to the intended audience. In the poem, Michael McFee refers to two groups of people specifically, “rednecks” and “crackers”. He describes saltine crackers as the possession of both of these groups of people--saltines being “the redneck’s hardtack/the cracker’s cracker”. He brings these people up in the ending lines of the poem to add the most impact: in his description of saltines as a source of comfort, he finally puts a face to the name of those that truly derive comfort from this food. McFee intended southerners to read his poem and resonate with these groups of people that draw their root from Virginia. Redneck is a term that was created to refer to West Virginian rebel miners who tied red bandanas around their necks, and has shifted in meaning to refer to working-class white southerners from rural areas. Cracker originates from Virginia as well (and Georgia) and was initially used to refer to poor white people, shortened from “whipcracker”. By naming McFee’s personal experience with those who share his appreciation for the comforting nature of saltine crackers, he inadvertently reveals his expectations of who can truly understand the message he is attempting to convey: that saltine crackers are a source of comfort.</div><div><br>In adding the source of “United States: The South” from <em>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</em> by Ken Albala to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing historical background and thus emotional appeal as the readers start empathizing with the subjects.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208666&amp;tocid=b-9781474208666-004952" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 21:41:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753324132</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Pin 2 - France - Hannah Kim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753328039</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>France: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Saltine” because it explains why McFee brought up French cuisine as a comparison for American enjoyment of saltine crackers. He describes saltines as “the closest we ever got/to serving <em>hors d'oeuvres</em>”, and by doing so, effectively elevates saltines to the level of sophistication and elegance typically associated with French cuisine. Without this comparison, the reader simply thinks of the saltine cracker as a simple snack with no culture or respectability to back it, but in drawing this comparison to a cuisine respected and sought after by the majority of Americans, the reader gains newfound respect and sees saltines from a new perspective. This comparison also serves to delineate the ability for vastly different cultures to create similar dishes, deconstructing human beings to creatures driven by the desire to make good food, and not being separated by geographical location. Gourmet French cuisine also aligns with the American desire for food to be simple and easy, much like saltine crackers are. However, due to both French cuisine and saltines being simple foods, they have greater potential as they can serve many purposes, including being a source of comfort to many. McFee’s use of describing saltine crackers as America’s version of France’s <em>hors d’oeuvres</em> elevates his point of saltine crackers being enjoyable and a source of comfort to people by bringing greater impact as readers are shocked by the comparison they never would have thought to make.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of “Watching Instead of Cooking” from <em>Watching What We Eat: the Evolution of Television Cooking Shows</em> by Kathleen Collins to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving saltine crackers ethical appeal as readers begin to see saltine crackers, not as the simple snack at the back of their pantry, but an American staple comparable to highly respectable French cuisine. (The quote being: “In the 1980s, French food was still considered by many to be the pinnacle of refinement, particularly among a good swath of the middle class wishing to trade up. French or haute is, even now, often considered a signifier of sophistication. The desire for French cuisine coexisted with a quintessentially and increasingly common American desire for even classical gourmet food to be quick and easy.”)</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781501336133&amp;tocid=b-9781501336133-chapter5&amp;st=In+the+1980s%2C+French+food+was+still+considered+by+many+to+be+the+pinnacle+of+refinement%2C+particularly+among+a+good+swath+of+the+middle+class+wishing+to+trade+up.+French+or+haute+is%2C+even+now%2C+often+considered+a+signifier+of+sophistication.+The+desire+for+French+cuisine+coexisted+with+a+quintessentially+and+increasingly+common+American+desire+for+even+classical+gourmet+food+to+be+quick+and+easy" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 21:44:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753328039</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pin 3 - England, UK - Hannah Kim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753332443</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>England: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Saltine” because its history is essential in understanding why McFee describes saltine crackers as “edges perforated/like a postage stamp”. These two lines are found in a stanza in which McFee uses harsh words such as “pierced” and “perforated” in describing saltines to portray his source of comfort as something strong and capable of protection. He then uses a simile to compare saltine crackers to a postage stamp, as if to tie in the connotation of war and justice between England and the United States due in part to the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act was one of several acts passed by British Parliament to be enacted in America when it was still a British colony, and ultimately led to the American Revolution. By comparing saltine crackers to a postage stamp--an item steeped heavily in bloody history and times of strength and justice--McFee furthers his establishment of saltine crackers in the reader’s mind as a food capable of bringing both comfort and protection. Prior to the harsh imagery used in this stanza, McFee described saltine crackers as soothing for the sick and a natural part of daily life; however, this new tie to England and a warring history serves to instill a sense of trust in the reader that saltines are also strong and able to protect against injustices.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source “Stamp Act” from History to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving saltine crackers an ethical appeal as American readers feel a tie between saltines and the country they live in and care for upon learning of the brutal history saltines are supposedly capable of protection against. The comparison of saltine crackers to postage stamps instills in the reader a sense of trust.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/stamp-act" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 21:47:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753332443</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mexico City, Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753342446</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jake Sherwood<br>Mexico City is relevant to us understanding the poem “Grace” because of its historical implications in facilitating the lasting influence of Spanish-Mexican food culture onto the United States. At the time, Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo was the neighborhood in present day Mexico City where the treaty was signed. The treaty signaled the end of the Mexican-American war, expanding the territory of the United States and designating a new southern border. As a result of the relocation of the border, many previous residents of Mexico now became United States citizens, bringing their traditions and cultures with them. Even though they were legally allowed to travel back to their home state, many stayed in the U.S. and “among them were ranchers, landowners, and rural workers, for whom southwestern ranch style cookery was the norm, with dried beef, fruit and vegetables, curds and fresh cheeses, pork cracklings, slow-cooked stews (adobos of vinegar, garlic, and spices), and barbecues” (Ray). Remaining in the United States allowed many of their food cultures, such as maize and barbecues, to spread influence across the country. At the same time, it is also important to recognize how these nations have completely separate politics and economies that dictate trade among these nations. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Mexico is currently the top export market for U.S. corn production. What this statistic does not show is the negative implications of these globalist policies in regards to agrarian and lower income communities. The benefits of the globalization of the agriculture business has been disproportionately distributed to the more developed nations and higher income individuals, subsequently inhibiting the convergence of income between developed and developing nations, as well as lower and upper income classes. As farmers continue to become displaced by industrialization of agriculture and migrate away from rural communities, the collective spirit that embodies this community oftentimes leaves as well. Jake Adam York in his poem “Grace” emphasizes the communal spirit of the barbecue which can be seen as influenced by the southwestern ranch style cookery . Additionally, the poem makes reference to buttermilk cornmeal, which is an adaptation of the conventional maize into a porridge type dish. In adding the source of “Hierarchy of Taste and Ethnic Difference: American Gustatory Imagination in a Globalizing World.", which outlined the interconnectedness and influence of other food cultures in the United States, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing historical context to early cultural integration that shaped the many customs that are today considered distinctive to American culture.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208710&amp;tocid=b-9781474208710-icm00000c010" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 21:53:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753342446</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Birmingham, AL, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753343924</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jake Sherwood<br>Birmingham, Alabama is relevant to us understanding the poem “Grace” because of its direct reference to the letter from Birmingham jail, an exemplary letter from civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. outlining his motives for his demonstrations and his many grievances with the people in positions of power he was negotiating with to bring change to society. The poem makes a comparison of Birmingham to the symbol of home.  One of the key themes of King’s letter is the sense that the privileged class will always be reluctant to change, no matter if it is morally right, or by which means the change comes, because they feel complacent in their privilege and their superior place in society. Comparatively, one of the main themes in “Grace” is the privilege of being able to share a meal with family and friends, and the privilege of being able to live in a world where people will take action to do what is morally right. However, it is important to note how these privileges are contrasting. In the privileges King was describing, these privileges come by means of making others inferior to themselves, whereas the privileges York describes are privileges that uplift everyone in the community and can be experienced without making others inferior. Likewise, safety and equal protection under the rule of law should not be a privilege, but instead a right that is inherently possessed by all Americans.  At the time, many Black Americans faced persistent danger and fear even doing ordinary every-day tasks like eating a meal, or walking in your front yard. The Birmingham church bombing, a terrorist attack against a predominantly black church, taking the lives of four innocent students, encapsulates this danger. These incessant fears are still present today with the systemic racism that still exists from the criminal justice system to food culture. The poem also makes reference to fried chicken being cooked at the barbecue described by York, which still resembles racism and the dehumanization of many Black Americans as in “recent years several figureheads of contemporary Black American culture have spoken explicitly and poignantly about the anxiety they feel eating fried chicken, especially around white people” (Rhys-Taylor).  This anxiety still remains today even when eating a food that was a cornerstone of southern culture, exemplifying how the culture of racism that still exists in this nation. In adding the source of the Old Dixie Fried Chicken street sign, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including a visual representation of how oppression takes place in all forms of society, even food. Even 160 years after the Civil War, and 60 years after the civil rights movement, businesses still use racist imagery such as the confederate flag in connection with fried chicken.</div><div><br>Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474204347.ch-005 </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/676345220/07b05c465d0ef9a5922fa4c241227abd/Fried_Chicken.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 21:54:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753343924</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jackson, MS, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753345079</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jake Sherwood<br>Jackson, Mississippi is relevant to us understanding the poem “Grace” because of its connection to prominent civil rights activists and World War II veteran Medgar Evers and the direct reference made to his last meal in the poem. Medgar Evers was murdered outside of his home as a result of his work with the civil rights movement and the intensifying racial tensions in the South. His death is symbolic of the persistent fear and imminent danger that many black men had to face to stand up for what was morally right. For this reason Jake Adam York, makes tributes and sacrifices in his own life to pay tribute to the sacrifices that were made by these men, and to also stand up for what is morally right. Furthermore, his death is also representing the imminent threat many black Americans face everyday even doing ordinary every-day tasks like eating or meal, or walking in your front yard. These incessant fears are still present today with the persistent and systemic racism that still remains in society, from the criminal justice system to the food culture. The poem also makes reference to fried chicken being cooked at this barbecue, which still resembles racism and the dehumanization of many black Americans as in “recent years several figureheads of contemporary black American culture have spoken explicitly and poignantly about the anxiety they feel eating fried chicken, especially around white people” (Rhys-Taylor). This anxiety that still remains today even when eating a food that was a cornerstone of southern culture, resembles the culture of racism that still exists in this nation. In adding the source of “The Fried Chicken Problem”, which outlined the racial stigmas and discriminatory implications of fried chicken in the United States, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding context to how fear in the everyday lives of many black Americans relates to food culture. Including historical context that related a common food in the poem with another theme in the poem of civil rights, it allows the readers to have an increased comprehension of the interrelatedness of many symbols used by the author.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474204347&amp;tocid=b-9781474204347-chapter5" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 21:55:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753345079</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Buford Highway Farmers Market, Buford Highway Northeast, Doraville, GA, USA - Carlos (Max) Pacheco</title>
         <author>maxpachecobusiness</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753358036</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Sugar Cane at the A&amp;P<br>By Garland Strother<br><br>Buford Dam Farmers Market is relevant to the understanding of the poem Sugar Cane at The A&amp;P because an underlying theme in the poem regards the culture of agriculture and the processing of food. Although the poem doesn’t describe a whole process of how food goes from the field to the store, it vaguely mentions it for importance. Why would this be important? Because often we don’t think about the significance of our food. I’m guilty of this all the time. We often don’t question where our food comes from, how it gets cultivated, and if the price at the store is worth the process. At the store, most people just go to buy food and then buy whatever based on price, preference, etc. However, we fail to think about the farmers that cultivate our food, or the animals that are raised and slaughtered for us to eat. We fail to question whether the prices reflect the process that the food went through to get to the buyer. Such costs include the wage and working conditions of the laborers, costs of capital used for the food, costs of transportation, etc. The narrator reflects briefly in front of a wall of sugar cane that has been bought out (at the store) and explains how the stores blank walls, “stared at me with nothing left to say”. Similarly, people go to buy food daily without thinking “is this product good for the Earth?”. In many cases, there is animal cruelty involved. In other cases, the process of producing the product causes pollution that is not reflected in the cost, and thus the Earth gets more and more polluted. It is important to start considering these things and becoming smarter shoppers. The difference between this market and other stores is that most products/food in this store have a brief description of where they were imported or grown, as well as how they were grown. This way, costumers can analyze for themselves if they feel like its ethical of them to buy the product, or if there are better alternatives.<br>In adding the source of "Environmental Factors of Food Production", to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for reader by showing examples of foods that are and are not environmental friendly through graphs and explanations. This way, it is easy for readers to compare and contrast food as well as agriculture types. For example, vegetables and fruits such as sugar cane take up a smaller carbon footprint (total greenhouse gas emissions to produce something) as compared to livestock. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-16 22:04:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753358036</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Chernobyl, Ukraine - Carlos (Max) Pacheco</title>
         <author>maxpachecobusiness</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753365177</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Sugar Cane at The A&amp;P<br>By: Garland Strother<br><br>Chernobyl is relevant to the understanding of the poem Sugar Cane at The A&amp;P because one of the themes relevant to the poem is the passage of time. The narrator describes how, “years later purple rises from a field (aka the sugar cane) … collecting dust from passing cars”. As the years have passed on, the world has seemed to move with it. The world keeps consistently changing, and the narrator explains this through imagery. When he was younger, the narrator describes rural plantations of sugar cane. However, as the passage moves on, the narrator comes back from his childhood memories into the present time and describes cars and stores. This not only emphasizes industrialization that has occurred, but also the passage of time. For the narrator, sneaking into sugar cane plantations brought him the best memories, but now that the world has moved on the sugar canes are just another agricultural crop, collecting dust from the cars that pass the plantation. I thought about Chernobyl because the city used to be vibrant until the nuclear disaster. After that, the world seemed to move on while Chernobyl was left in ruins, along with the countless memories of the people who used to live there. <br>In adding the source of "Images From Chernobyl", to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetoric situation for readers by giving the audience a glimpse as to how time has affected (or not affected) the city. The images show an abandoned ghost town, filled with places that were quickly fled and have remained intact since 1986. Readers can connect to the feeling of abandonment and moving on.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 22:08:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753365177</guid>
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         <title>New Orleans, LA, USA (Zachary Plimpton)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753386826</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Click here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHE7I1MWbrc">BGM </a></div><div>Discussing the city of New Orleans is relevant to us understanding the poem "When My Mother Is Away" because the cuisine of New Orleans stems from the cultural origins of its main ingredients. The two most well-known are read beans and rice, and both are foreign in nature. Red beans were introduced to Europe – specifically Spain and France – from the Americas to Europe through the transatlantic slave trade at some point around the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They became an ingredient in many dishes that resemble those found in New Orleans today. The style of combining the red kidney beans with pork or sausage can also be traced back to France and Spain. The two countries, especially France, acted as major contributors to the population and cultural aspects of colonial New Orleans. The influence of the two countries can still be seen in New Orleans’ cuisine today. The rise of slavery in the New World also brought with it a new ingredient to the Americas: rice from Africa. Rice became a fundamental cash crop of Louisiana around the middle of the nineteenth century and remains so today. Slaves from Africa brought not only rice and the labor required to harvest it, but traditional rice dishes and the knowledge of how to prepare them. Red kidney beans and rice are the two stars of New Orleans cuisine, and have evolved into the Creole and Cajun cooking styles popular today. In adding the source "Red Beans and Rebuilding: An Iconic Dish, Memory, and Culture in New Orleans" from the book <em>Red Beans and Rice: A Unique dish in One Hundred Places</em>, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by linking together various foreign locales to draw a broader audience.  </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 22:24:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753386826</guid>
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         <title>France (Zachary Plimpton)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753392898</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><em>“The combination of beans cooked with pork and sausage can be found in France and in Spain, two of the countries that have contributed significantly to the population and culture of New Orleans.”<br><br></em> France is relevant to us understanding the poem “When My Mother Is Away” because France was the main contributor of the European population in New Orleans and Louisiana; as such, it had a major hand in the establishment of New Orleans culture and cuisine. One of the main influences the French had on New Orleans cuisine was the combination of red kidney beans and pork or sausage. Red kidney beans are a common ingredient in many of the Creole or Cajun dishes that New Orleans is known for; however, red kidney beans did not originate directly from France, but rather elsewhere in the Americas. France and other countries in Europe adopted red kidney beans into their dishes sometime before the seventeenth or eighteenth century. France and Spain, another large contributor to Louisiana’s European population, popularized the combination of red kidney beans with pork or sausage. Many of New Orleans’ dishes can have their origins traced back to France, even those that have been adopted by or changed by different the cultures that collided in New Orleans. France acted as a major participant in the transatlantic slave trade and is thus responsible for introducing existing French cuisine to red kidney beans at back at home, and then to rice in New Orleans. This was a necessity in the colonies as French immigrants lacked the ingredients they normally had access to in their homeland. In adding the source "Red Beans and Rebuilding: An Iconic Dish, Memory, and Culture" from the book <em>Red Beans and Rice: A Unique Dish in a Hundred Places</em>, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by describing the transatlantic slave trade in a way that they can envision on a map. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 22:28:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753392898</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753458244</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ol><li>South Central Mexico: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” because it is the origin of avocados sometime between 7000 and 5000 BC. The avocado was cherished by the people of ancient Mesoamerica due the fact it provided sustenance and the belief that it possessed mythological powers. It was a belief of the Aztecs that anyone who regularly consumed avocados would be provided with strength. This location is also relevant to the poem because it is an example of the opposite of ideas in the poem. While the poem focuses on the author's affection towards the avocado despite its imperfections, but her failure to give herself this care despite her imperfections; this time period was not focused on these ideas of imperfections. This is due to the fact that modern day beauty standards were not a factor, and focus was on community and resourcefulness. While insecurity will always be around, it was not something that was unintentionally pushed on people in the way it is today due to social media, etc. Ultimately, this is a good example because it shows an opposite view/ time then that that is portrayed in the poem. While it doesn't mirror the ideas of the poem in any way, it offers the opposing perspective and is the origin of the avocado.</li></ol><div>In adding the source of “Avocado History | Avocados From Mexico” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering a new combatant perspective to the one seen in the poem. </div><div><br><br></div><div><a href="https://avocadosfrommexico.com/avocados/history/"><br></a><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 23:18:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753458244</guid>
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         <title>Michigan, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753460400</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>    </div><ol><li><br>Michigan: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” because photoshop was developed by two brothers at the University of Michigan in 1987. This is significant because photoshop is very controversial due to the ways in which it is used today to create unrealistic ideas of “perfection”. The main message within the poem has to do with imperfections and how much we see them within ourselves despite the fact that others often don’t see them in us. Photoshop is a tool used by many people today in social media in order to change themselves to look what they believe they would look like without their “imperfections”. However, oftentimes the image created is so unrealistic it in turn causes other people to feel that they too need to change themselves to become slimmer, wear more makeup, smile more, etc. While this location does not have to do with avocados; I believe that it has to do with the main underlying message of the poem as it is where photoshop was created- one of the main ways in which unrealistic beauty standards are created. All in all, these unrealistic standards have caused an obsession with looks and “perfection” to be at an all time high in today's society.  </li></ol><div>In adding the source “The Origins of Adobe Photoshop” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by demonstrating one way in which unrealistic ideas of perfection are spread on platforms such as social media in the present day.        </div><div><br><br></div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 23:20:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753460400</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753477855</link>
         <description><![CDATA[1.	Memphis, Tennessee is relevant to understanding the poem “Because Men Do What They Want to Do” by TJ Jarrett because of the deep connection Memphis has with soul food. In this poem, the author tells her experience as a newlywed as she interacts with her aunts while they cook dinner. During this experience, her aunts informs her of the duties that a woman has including to cook and to clean and take care of her husband. However, the aunts stress that the wife should not be too subservient to the wife by explaining, “But once in a while, pick up a plate, like so. Throw it down”. That power that they held was further explained when they started laughing in the kitchen, and all the husbands quickly left their football table to try and see what they were laughing about. Along with this message, embedded in this poem is an illustration of the culture that is prevalent in the southern United States, especially among African Americans and their style of cooking known as soul food. The ingredients described in this poem as “my hands heavy with corn for shucking. The sink filled with plucked greens for cleaning”, help illustrate the southern rural charm that is associated with soul food. One city known for soul food is Memphis, Tennessee where its barbecue, which a staple meal in soul food, is known across the country. This city is known as one of the soul food centers in the country where many people can come and enjoy that fresh home style cooking that was displayed in this poem. Memphis, along with many other cities, provide a great exposure to those not familiar with soul food and those who wish to explore this style of cooking. This poem, along with illustrating the family culture and gender dynamics in the rural south, also provide an introduction to the great style of food enjoyed in the southern United States.  
In adding the source of, “Where Soul Food Really Comes From” by Sam Worley, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by given an written form of communication that emphasizes the importance the soul food has in southern culture and by tracing through the impact that the culture that the slaves brought with them had on the development of soul food.
]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 23:33:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753477855</guid>
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         <title>Charleston, SC, USA - Becca Siegel</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753504235</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Pin #1 (original location)<br><br>Charleston, South Carolina<strong> is relevant to us understanding the poem </strong>“Prayer for Black-eyed Peas” by Kevin Young <strong>because South Carolina is one of the speculated origins of the tradition of eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day. The tradition of eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day is a southern tradition. As legend has it, eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day brings prosperity into the New Year. The black-eyed peas symbolize opportunities and new beginnings that the New Year brings. The poem exemplifies this, “bring me luck and whatever else you choose &amp; I’ll bend low to shore you up.” Young uses black-eyed peas as a vessel as for the hope for the new year. He prays to the black-eyed peas to be spectacular and full of amazing opportunities and memories. In return for prosperity, he will clean his plate. While South Carolina is an important aspect of the tradition, the most important aspect is the hope it brings. Only certain people live in South Carolina, but hope is universal. Hope transcends geographic placement. Young exemplifies this by sharing a prayer to black-eyed peas, but the prayer is also for good fortune and prosperity in the New Year. The New Year is a time for people to stop looking backward and start looking forward to the blank slate of the New Year. Young captures the hopefulness the New Year brings by saying a prayer to his comforting black-eyed peas. <br></strong><br></div><div><strong>In adding the source of </strong><strong><em>Beans, the history </em></strong><strong>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving historical background of black-eyed peas. The article additionally delves into the historical importance of black-eyed peas in the context of race. <br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 23:51:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753504235</guid>
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         <title>Seneca Falls, NY, USA Saikrishna Manojkumar</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753505217</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"Because Men Do What They Want To Do" by: TJ Jarrett<br><br>Seneca Falls, New York<strong> </strong>is relevant to understanding the poem “Because Men Do What They Want to Do” by TJ Jarrett because of the main theme that is displayed in this poem of women empowerment. Throughout the poem, the aunts of the author stress the importance of listening to their husbands and doing the necessary chores in the house. However, they stress that women should ensure that they don’t become to subservient and instead show the true power that they have in the household through certain actions. This message became abundantly clear to the author when the women’s laughter in the kitchen causes the men to leave the football game and attempt to hear what the women were discussing. Even though the women are seen as the ones doing the chores around the house while the men cook, it seems that the women are the ones who truly hold the power in the poem. Seneca Falls, New York is an important place in the women’s rights movement as it was the location of the first ever women’s rights convention in the United States. At this location, many women suffrage pioneers pledged to fight to get suffrage for all women. This vow illustrated the fighting spirit the women had, similar to the poem, to empower themselves and get what they thought they deserved. </div><div>In adding the source of, “What happened at the Seneca Falls Convention” by History.com, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing electronic, visual, oral, and non-verbal communication by illustrating the impact of the Seneca falls convention and explaining what happened at this convention through a video. Furthermore, this video helps explain what caused these women to attend this convention, and how this convention impacted the fight for women’s rights in the future.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 23:52:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753505217</guid>
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         <title>Atlanta, GA, USA - Becca Siegel</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753510670</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 23:55:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753510670</guid>
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         <title>Harlem, New York, NY, USA Saikrishna Manojkumar</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753514733</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"Because Men Do What They Want To Do" by: TJ Jarrett<br><br>Harlem, New York<strong> </strong>is relevant to understanding the poem “Because Men Do What They Want to Do” by TJ Jarrett because of its connection to African American culture. Harlem throughout history has been known as an area that has fostered and cultivated African American culture throughout history. Whether it be through music, dance, or food all African American culture seems to have a central place in this location. Soul food is no exception to this despite the fact that it originated from the southern United States. Throughout history, as many African Americans migrated from the southern to the northern United States, many of them found a home in Harlem, New York. As they migrated, they brought with them their culture including their cooking style. Hence, even though soul food is traditionally southern cooking, there is many soul food restaurants in the northeast of America. Along with the food style, Harlem is also seen as a revolutionary place where many empowerment movements started for African Americans. This is similar to the empowerment that the aunts teach the author in the poem of learning to fight back against possible oppression and learning to stand up for yourself and fight for your own rights. Just as the author learns this important lesson in this poem, people in Harlem have been displaying this spirit throughout history. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of, an image illustrating the scene at a soul food restaurant in Harlem, Sylvia’s, during the civil rights movement, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing electronic and visual communication that provides historical context of the impact that soul food had on empowering African Americans in their fight against racism and achieving civil rights. <br><br></div><div><br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-16 23:58:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753514733</guid>
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         <title>Mecca Saudi Arabia - Lyriel Todd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753547031</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mecca, Saudi Arabia is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food” because it is home to the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam. In relation to the poem, it focuses on a subject kneeling behind a Mediterranean restaurant, performing salat. Respectively, salat is one of the five pillars of Islam in which Muslims pray five times each day in the direction of the Kaaba. Millions of Muslims, like the subject of the poem, kneel and pray in this direction despite their environment or lifestyle. Spiritually, they can all be connected through this ritual, with their thoughts and prayers all being centered around Mecca. Though the subject is one of many Muslims that have been dispersed around the globe, they still dedicate the time and place to worship, even if it is in a back alley. Through this restaurant, they are able to create a life for themself in America, bringing the food and culture of where they are from. They convert an indifferent environment into a holy place of worship, surrounded by the city and its concomitants. The significance of this place, Mecca, is that no matter where they presently are, they remember and honor where their ancestors and beliefs stem from. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of “Muslim Foodways” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing insight on the dispersion of Muslims and their adaptation to their food practices. Though they may be delocalized, they can retain some of their tradition by making their own food or food made by people they know in order to convert it into pure Muslim foods. By working at a Mediterranean restaurant, the subject can provide food for himself and those in his community. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474298407.0010" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 00:16:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753547031</guid>
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         <title>Egypt - Lyriel Todd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753548982</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Egypt is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food” because it is a largely Muslim country in the Mediterranean with conflicts surrounding food and how it is dispersed. The food markets in Egypt are failing the people, and the significance of food, or moreover, the significance of its absence, has led to disharmony and political conflict. Due to the mixture of economic and Islamic philosophy, economic relationships are expected to be based on morality and faith, and as close as religion and economics are in this region, food and religion are even harder to separate. For example, bread in Egypt resembles food, religion, and influence in politics and economics. It provides basic nourishment for many people and plays a great role in Egypt’s economy. Food crisis is prevalent in this area, and if the subject were indeed from this country, it would make sense as to why they would move to America in search of a better life, with more stable accessibility to food. In the poem, the subject is able to provide food for others as well through the restaurant. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of “Brothers in Faith: Islamic Food Activism in Egypt” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving context into the great significance of food in Egypt, especially bread. The word for bread in Egyptian means “life,” showcasing its spiritual and economic role in giving life to the people who consume it and those who make it. The bread becomes a way for people to help and feed one another, and for others to use it as a means of corruption and self-promotion. The political instability and food are closely intertwined in Egypt. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 00:17:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753548982</guid>
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         <title>Middle East - Lyriel Todd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753551989</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Middle East is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food” because of its controversial, yet rich history and geographical significance. The Middle East is home to Islam, and has a vast, complicated history. So, it is possible that the subject of the poem went to America in search of refuge. There are various conflicts taking place in the Middle East, including the Israeli-Palestinian conflicts and the Yemen crisis, to name a few. In addition to this, the Middle East is vastly desert which accounts for the mostly nomadic history of the people who live there, and settlements raising along the Mediterranean and the Nile. As a result, Islamic food is rich with nomadic traditions and Mediterranean food is also very popular. It is possible that the subject is from one of these countries, or their ancestors are, and sook refuge from persecution and/or food instability. The subject performs the salat with great dignity and dedication in the back alley, possibly implying that they have had to worship through harder times. Through their restaurant, they cannot only share their food and culture with others, but also provide those who had to leave their birthplace with a taste of home.  <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the Information on the Middle East Indexed by Country to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by visually illustrating the amount of information available on each country. As a result of the Middle East’s history and geography, not much information can be given on many of these countries, like Saudi Arabia and Syria. This can be due to conflict between the United States and Middle Eastern countries and general instability. Egypt and Israel have by far the most information available, implying some bias by the informants or incapacity to do research in these other areas. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 00:19:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753551989</guid>
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         <title>United States - Vikranth Keerthipati</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753576157</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The United States is relevant to us understanding the poem “Boy” because ice cream has become an essential part of our food habits, being a common dessert item and dozens of brands selling it in convenience stores. Ice cream diffused to the US and began growing as this concept of supply chain manufacturing came to rise most popular by Henry Ford’s Model T production line. Along with this, refrigeration became more widespread in use by wholesale companies in the early 1900s and later on by consumers after World War II. With this emphasis on optimizing manufacturing in the US in the 20<sup>th</sup> century, ice cream containers evolved from being sold in wholesale 2.5-gallon containers to being sold in the small containers today. Ice cream really grew during World War II, when the US Army was the biggest producer of ice cream for it was served as dessert for soldiers. After World War II, ice cream was very commercialized and became a part of our refrigerators, and now is often associated with breakups and tough moments in life, where you lay in front of the couch and Netflix and eat a tub of ice cream. US entertainment and culinary habits have also been globalized and other countries are beginning to incorporate their own cultures into a dish that we have commercialized. In adding the source of the ice cream container from the Museum of Culinary Arts, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the image of what an ice cream container looked like in ca.1930-1940, and the shift from serving in big tubs to the now small, very colorful containers.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 00:31:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753576157</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>United Kingdom</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753585311</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The United Kingdom is relevant to us understanding the poem “Boy” because it was one of the first places in Europe where ice cream was served as a luxury dish and was part of only the royals’ diet. Ice cream was often served as a side and was never a big emphasis in terms of being a main dessert and there weren’t specialized stores for ice cream. In fact, it was rare to see people eating outside with ice cream cones as we see today up until refrigeration became mainstream and the classic sellers pushing the ice cream cart became an icon. The UK would actually import ice before refrigeration existed from Scandinavian countries such as Norway and used that during the freezing stage of ice cream. This is why ice cream couldn’t be readily transported, because insulation can only do so much to keep the ice and the ice cream from melting. Additionally, ice cream was traditionally served in glass bowls and metal spoons, and as time went on, it became acceptable to eat it in cardboard bowls and plastic spoons. United Kingdom has seen a lot in the transformation of how ice cream has been consumed, and there can be a lot learned from a place where ice cream has evolved. In adding the source of <em>Eating out in Europe: Picnics, Gourmet Dining and Snacks since the Late Eighteenth Century</em>, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by quantifying the expansion of just one ice cream chain in the UK. These statistics helps wrap your head just exactly ice cream exploded in the country.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 00:35:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753585311</guid>
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         <title>Mi&#39;kmawey Debert Interpretive Trail, Plains Road, Debert, Nova Scotia, Canada, Kareem Elfoulie</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753678691</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Nova Scotia is relevant to us understanding Elizabeth Alexander’s poem “Talk Radio, D.C.” because Nova Scotia is the home of the Mi’kmaq tribe, whose contributions to herbal medicine and tobacco cultivation appear in Alexander’s poem. Many people associate tobacco with harmful consequences because tobacco has been subverted for smoking; given that smoking has been shown to have dire health consequences, such as being cancerous and elevating the risk for lung damage, it is no surprise that people hold these sentiments about tobacco. However, many Indigenous people in North America see great value in tobacco, as they were the first people to cultivate tobacco and employ it in medicinal and ritual practices. The Mi’kmaq people are no exception to that ideal, as they utilize “Indian tobacco,” fungus, sage, sweetgrass, and cedar in many traditional healing applications. To the Mi’kmaq people, tobacco is an herb with beneficial properties, so its place in society is not taboo. With a pure understanding and application of tobacco, we can conclude that there are benefits to using tobacco in certain contexts. Alexander’s poem supports this idea because Alexander cites tobacco as a home remedy for a bee-sting. Given that the Mi’kmaq people recognize the validity of tobacco for healing, Alexander’s own recognition of this healing property is vital to seeing the perspective of her parents during the diphtheria epidemic. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:16:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753678691</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Cairo, Egypt, Kareem Elfoulie</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753688493</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Egypt is relevant to us understanding Elizabeth Alexander’s poem “Talk Radio, D.C.” because ancient Egyptian society originated much of natural medicine. From Mesopotamia’s discovery of copper, a natural metal, the ancient Egyptians ameliorated the metallurgy process and employed copper in healing practices. Today, medical research is expanding the usability of copper to suggest that copper nanoparticles can assist in fighting cancer. The ancient Egyptians also left several medical texts that held key information about different diagnoses and herbal remedies. Because the ancient Egyptians wrote many of these texts on papyrus, some of the texts are still preserved in museums, and their teachings have been used as the basis for several medical applications. Moreover, food played a pivotal role in the medical process. Some of the herbs and foods that the ancient Egyptians employed include garlic, onions, cumin, opium, and cannabis, with the latter two showing parallels to Alexander’s experience with tobacco as a healing tool for bee-stings. Egypt is also significant because the ancient Egyptians were Black Africans. There are elements of African life that many people of the African diaspora still engage with, despite the spread of people. In Alexander’s case, as a Jamaican-American, the remedies that were based in food, especially the salt mackerel, have a basis in ancient Egypt. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:20:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753688493</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>China, Kareem Elfoulie</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753689679</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ol><li>China is relevant to us understanding Elizabeth Alexander’s poem “Talk Radio, D.C.” because China has a long-standing history of utilizing food as a basis for its medicine. As Alexander cites her fever breaking with the salt mackerel being cooked, she implies that there is a causative link between the food and the dissipation of the illness, and much of traditional Chinese medicine is based on the idea that food and herbs are vital to protecting one’s health. Chinese medicine suggests that the most vital aspect of one’s health is the proper flow of one’s <em>qi</em>, or “life energy.” A key aspect of protecting the flow of one’s <em>qi</em> is found in diet; therefore, traditional practice classifies many foods not just by their taste and flavor properties, but also by their ability to confer heat or cool. Additionally, early texts postulated that the initial response to the onset of an illness should be the appropriate dietary changes; these texts also held the recommended foods and recipes for several ailments. This emphasis on nutritional remediation appears strongly in Alexander’s poem, thereby suggesting a link between the ideology of traditional Chinese medicine and the documented experience that Alexander’s parents had with the diphtheria epidemic. </li></ol><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:21:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753689679</guid>
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         <title>Egypt - Christopher Meier</title>
         <author>cmeier6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753696245</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: "Livers and Gizzards"<br><br>Egypt is relevant to us understanding the poem "Livers and Gizzards" because Egypt connects to the culinary process or technique used throughout the poem which is frying. Throughout the poem, the mentions of “angry grease flying” and “the clouds of the fryer” indicates how the offal is being cooked in an oil to fry the meat, and this process of frying in an oil or some fat substance can be traced back to Egypt, more specifically in the Ancient Egyptian Empire. Although the poem focuses on the food of offal meat, which is organ meat or parts of meat that are generally considered awful, the meat is processed and cooked in the method of frying to finish the meal to attempt to try to make the meal appealing to the eye. The technique of frying has traveled from ancient Egypt to many other ancient civilizations back in the time when it was invented and has been carried on over generations as an ample and efficient way to cook meals in order to add flavor and ensure the meat is not undercooked. Today, frying is a cooking style or process used throughout the world in almost any country that can afford or sustain the necessary tools and ingredients to incorporate frying into their everyday meals and a popular way to cook offal meat.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of an image of an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a visual example of the history behind frying foods as a method of cooking which can date back to 2500 BCE.</div><div><br>Image Link: <a href="https://www.alamy.com/the-cuisine-of-ancient-egypt-covers-a-span-of-over-three-thousand-years-but-still-retained-many-consistent-traits-until-well-into-greco-roman-times-the-staples-of-both-poor-and-wealthy-egyptians-were-bread-and-beer-often-accompanied-by-green-shooted-onions-other-vegetables-and-to-a-lesser-extent-meat-game-and-fish-food-could-be-prepared-by-stewing-baking-boiling-grilling-frying-or-roasting-image246612655.html">https://www.alamy.com/the-cuisine-of-ancient-egypt-covers-a-span-of-over-three-thousand-years-but-still-retained-many-consistent-traits-until-well-into-greco-roman-times-the-staples-of-both-poor-and-wealthy-egyptians-were-bread-and-beer-often-accompanied-by-green-shooted-onions-other-vegetables-and-to-a-lesser-extent-meat-game-and-fish-food-could-be-prepared-by-stewing-baking-boiling-grilling-frying-or-roasting-image246612655.html</a> </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:24:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753696245</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Haiti - Christopher Meier</title>
         <author>cmeier6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753705241</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: "Livers and Gizzards"<br><br>Haiti is relevant to us understanding the poem "Livers and Gizzards" because a common street food of Haiti are Haitian style fried gizzards which connects to the offal cuisine discussed in the poem specifically the title which mentions gizzards. When in Haiti, as you walk around the marketplace or the streets of the city, one street food you may find being sold from one merchant to another are gizzards, either fried, sauteed, deep-fried, or braised. Gizzards are what chickens have in the digestive tract which is similar to the stomach of humans. This organ or meal isn’t something most people will find appetizing to eat, but from this poem, we can see that unwanted meats or parts of an animal can still be eaten and enjoyed by people around the world. The majority of gizzards sold to eat in Haiti are normally deep-fried which adds a crunch and fatty flavor which have caused most locals and even tourists to enjoy the offal dish. This dish is a fairly cheap meal because of the gizzards usually being thrown away and the cheap method of frying them in an oil or fat-substance which has made it a popular meal bought throughout the streets of Haiti.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of “How Sautéed Gizzards Finally Conquered my Palate” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a reference to a style of Haitian gizzards as well as the experience of one who was resistant to trying an offal meal which later became a favorite dish to cook.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://tchakayiti.com/home/en/how-sauteed-gizzards-finally-conquered-my-palate/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:28:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753705241</guid>
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         <title>Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil (Hannah Wysocki)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753713675</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The city Curitiba in Brazil is relevant to us understanding the poem “Canning Memories” due to the sustainability efforts put forth by the city in order to make an impact on climate change. The last line of the poem states, “if all city folk plant iz family ‘n friends, alls dey gonna gets iz funerals.” The poet is emphasizing that, if people living in cities continue to only focus on their relationships with other people in the current moment and not the earth and its future, the planet is no longer going to be able to support us, and we will run out of resources and conditions in which we can survive. As the city of Curitiba began to grow and become more industrialized and polluted, the mayor Jaime Lerner realized that something must be done to prevent any further damage to the environment. While the people living there resisted the sustainable changes to their city, the mayor began to take action. Before he was in office, the city only had one park. Now, after he created over 50 square meters of green space per citizen of the city, Curitiba is now labeled by some the “greenest city on Earth.” Among other initiatives such as improving public transport and creating recycling incentives, the mayor was able to plant millions of trees in these green spaces that help contribute to the sustainability of the city. Through Jerner’s policies and implementations, Curitiba has been transformed from a quickly growing city headed towards heavily contributing to climate change to a city that is a model of sustainability for other urban areas. Specifically, he began by planting trees in the urban space, rather than just planting family and friends as the poem advises. By focusing on the future of the earth rather than what the reluctant people wanted for their city in the current moment, Jerner was able to make an impact on the earth as a whole so that it will be inhabitable for current and future generations. In adding the source of the image of the green spaces in Curitiba, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for the readers by visually showing them what a green city can look like, which might go against the typical expected image of an industrial city. The source emphasizes the idea that “city folk” are capable of planting more than just “family and friends” and that more cities need to follow in Curitiba’s footsteps in order for us to continue being able to inhabit the earth. </div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/may/06/story-of-cities-37-mayor-jaime-lerner-curitiba-brazil-green-capital-global-icon">Source of the picture</a></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:32:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753713675</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Lansing, MI, USA (Hannah Wysocki)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753735161</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Urbandale Farm in Lansing, Michigan is relevant to us understanding the poem “Canning Memories” because it exhibits the way that people in cities can strive to connect to and protect the earth in the same way that the characters in the poem do through farming in their rural area. The poem emphasizes that, without farming and being close to the earth, people living in cities will never know the beauty of new life. It also highlights that city people who only focus on forming a relationship with others and not the earth will not do their part in protecting the earth, which will lead to a planet that we can no longer inhabit. This urban farm located in a city in Michigan provides the ability for people in cities to grow their own food and gain the knowledge of how and where their food is grown. Seeing the farms right in front of them in their urban backdrop allows people to see that their food is coming from the earth and not just the grocery store, which allows them to feel more connected to nature and life. It also allows them to get their food from a more sustainable source, which helps them take action against climate change while still being able to enjoy fresh produce. Food that is produced locally prevents it from having to travel thousands of miles through transportation that burns fossil fuels and pollutes the earth. In adding the source that describes the Urbandale Farm and their mission, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by conveying more details about urban farming and its solutions to the issues of urban life and sustainability raised in the poem. It also offers a video and audio source which gives the reader more aspects of the source to interpret such as tone, inflection, and body language. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:41:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753735161</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Vedaant Shah: Mississippi, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753739515</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mississippi is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Gospel of Barbecue” because of its significance in the origin of the now popular cooking technique. The concept comes from mound building Native Americans that traditionally cooked meat in a marinade of spices over a fire. To mitigate the effects of European oppression, Africans and Native Americans began to form ties and exchange cultural practices, one of which was barbecue. From there, African Americans began to depend upon the strategy out of necessity since they were often forced to eat the unused parts of an animal out of survival, as shown in the poem. However, it would be incorrect to suggest that enslaved people turned to this cooking method purely out of force; instead, they noticed the potential to create something tasteful even with the lack of quality meat. Using the spices and sauces from the Native Americans, as well as their own experimentations, the Africans began to add great flavor into the parts of meat cast aside by their masters as inedible. The technique began to gain popularity and was eventually applied to the more standard parts of an animal as it is common today. Such a popular cooking style could never have blossomed if not for the creation by the mound building natives. As such, Mississippi, the center of mound building culture, must be placed on the map to recognize the significance of the aboriginals in creating one of the world’s most beloved food techniques today. In adding the article (<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/04/barbecue-american-tradition-enslaved-africans-native-americans#:~:text=The%20common%20cultural%20narrative%20of,a%2Dqueue%20in%20French%20%E2%80%93%20%E2%80%9C">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/04/barbecue-american-tradition-enslaved-africans-native-americans#:~:text=The%20common%20cultural%20narrative%20of,a%2Dqueue%20in%20French%20%E2%80%93%20%E2%80%9C</a>) from <em>The Guardian </em>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetoric situation for readers by providing a description of how barbecue was created by Native Americans who then spread it to enslaved Africans.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:43:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753739515</guid>
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         <title>Vedaant Shah: Mesopotamia (Middle East), Iraq</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753748788</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Middle East is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Gospel of Barbecue” because the domestication of the wild hog into the pig likely comes from there. In the advent of the agricultural revolution, humans in this region of the world discovered the wild hog, which they promptly domesticated because of its high efficiency in terms of meat per unit size. More important than the domestication of the pig, however, is its influence into the modern era. As shown by the map attached to this pin, the animal remained largely in European and Asian communities, while not spreading significantly into Western Africa. Despite their limited knowledge of the hog and its meat, enslaved Africans were forced into eating this animal, as it was one of the primary forms of livestock in the New World.  Although this displays the unfair lifestyle changes forced upon the Africans who were whisked away from their homes and families, it would be unjust to only view this from a tragic pathos ideology. Instead, one should admire their ingenuity and ability to adapt. Combining their native techniques along with those of the Native Americans, the enslaved people began to experiment with this new animal, from which they created an entirely unique cuisine, which includes modern barbecue. By recognizing that hog originates from the Middle East and that it did not impact Africa heavily even in modern times, one can learn to appreciate the great effort displayed in popularizing barbecue food. In adding the image from this research paper (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/hdy201468">https://www.nature.com/articles/hdy201468</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetoric situation for readers by providing a description of the hog’s origin and which areas of the world it influenced into the modern era.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:47:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753748788</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753751582</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Harlem, New York, NY, USA Saikrishna Manojkumar
Harlem, New York, NY, USA Saikrishna Manojkumar
"Because Men Do What They Want To Do" by: TJ Jarrett

Harlem, New York is relevant to understanding the poem “Because Men Do What They Want to Do” by TJ Jarrett because of its connection to African American culture. Harlem throughout history has been known as an area that has fostered and cultivated African American culture throughout history. Whether it be through music, dance, or food all of African American culture seems to have a central place in this location. Soul food is no exception to this despite the fact that it originated from the southern United States. Throughout history, as many African Americans migrated from the southern to the northern United States, many of them found a home in Harlem, New York. As they migrated, they brought with them their culture including their cooking style. Hence, despite the fact that soul food is traditionally southern cooking, there is many soul food restaurants in the northeast of America. Along with the food style, Harlem is also seen as a revolutionary place where many empowerment movements started for African Americans. This is similar to the empowerment that the aunts teach the author in the poem of learning to fight back against possible oppression and learning to stand up for yourself and fight for your own rights. Just as the author learns this important lesson in this poem, people in Harlem have been displaying this spirit throughout history. 
In adding the source of, an image illustrating the scene at a soul food restaurant in Harlem during the civil rights movement, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing electronic and visual communication that provides historical context of the impact that soul food had on empowering African Americans in their fight against racism and achieving civil rights. 


]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:48:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753751582</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Vedaant Shah: Sub-Saharan Africa</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753752227</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Sub-Saharan Africa is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Gospel of Barbecue” because many enslaved people in the New World came from this region of the world. By understanding the many spices and seasonings used by the aboriginal African tribes, one can comprehend why the enslaved Africans were able to add taste to the most unsavory parts of an animal and pave the path for modern barbecue. Many spices originate from Africa, including Ajowan, Cress, and Geranium. This fact explains how the Africans were able to create new combinations of seasonings and sauces when faced with eating the inedible meat. It is worth noting that one may view the story in the poem from an unfair, one-sided diversification and necessity standpoint, meaning that the Africans only turned to barbecue out of survival. However, because the technique has become so popular today, it is necessary to acknowledge that the traditions and expertise from generations of African spices allowed the enslaved people to develop their craft with this new, unfamiliar hog meat. Many of the spices found today in modern barbecue are not the same or even similar to those from traditional African cuisine, which also speaks to the great adaptation that the African Americans made in creating an original cooking style based on the Native American’s initial product. Regardless, the original African spices still likely had a great influence in shaping the final seasonings and sauces put onto modern barbecue based on the enslaved Africans’ experimentation. In adding a video (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNftXQIar2c">www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNftXQIar2c</a>) about a African spice vendor, this increases the multimodal rhetoric situation for readers by providing an example of the many spices native to Africa, some of which are similar to those in barbecue food today. This video is added purely to represent the broad variety of African spices; this pin is not commenting about the vendor and African history as a whole in a tragic manner.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:49:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753752227</guid>
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         <title>Meadowlark Dairy, Neal Street, Pleasanton, CA, USA</title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753752881</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:49:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753752881</guid>
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         <title>Harlan County, KY, USA - Matthew Jin (Revised)</title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753757509</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The location of Harlan County, KY is relevant to us understanding the poem "Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade" because it is one of the few counties that hold pokeweed festivals. <br>This proposal deals specifically with the impact of poke sallet in Southern culture. In “Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade,” poke sallet is the main lunch of the speaker.  </div><div>Poke sallet is a food derived from the pokeweed, a poisonous perennial plant. Native American tribes used it for its medicinal properties and during the Great Depression, it was eaten out of necessity as it helped purge parasitic worms from the body. Its origin as a poisonous plant led me to wonder how it rose to prominence as a Southern dish and why it stayed a staple even as less dangerous foods became more readily available. </div><div>This growing acceptance of pokeweed as a viable food parallels the speaker’s growth in the poem. The beginning line of the poem, “Come a toad-strangler that day, I remember” clearly indicates that the events in the poem occurred in the speaker’s past. Despite the rash actions taken by the speaker and the resulting consequences, he maintains that he was “mighty proud [he] did” take those actions. While pokeweed may seem undesirable to consume at first, the poor eventually had to eat it out of necessity. In a similar vein, the speaker shies away from standing up for Splendi Pretti when she is being bullied by the three boys. He eventually decides that the bullying has been taken too far and that going against the teacher’s orders is necessary in order to prevent Splendi Pretty from “[going] home a-hungry nearbout every day.” </div><div>In adding the source of the Harlan County poke sallet festival website (<a href="https://www.pokesalletfestival.com/">https://www.pokesalletfestival.com/</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing direct evidence of the impact of pokeweed in food in modern times. The history section of the festival’s website highlights how something as simple as a dinner party can grow into something much bigger. Nowadays, the festival showcases various talents and even receives visits from local politicians. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.pokesalletfestival.com/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:51:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753757509</guid>
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         <title>Spain - Matthew Jin</title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753758916</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The location of Spain is relevant to us understanding the poem "Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade" because it is where Columbus set off on his iconic journey in which he discovered the Americas.  </div><div>The United States is often described as the “melting pot” of the world. The Columbian exchange brought together people from all around the world and with them, their food and culture. Livestock such as pigs made their way from Europe to America while plants such as corn were aboard the return journey. <br>What perhaps was the greatest impact of the Columbian exchange on food culture though was the idea of a new land to settle. This idea of a new start attracted people from across the world and caused many to leave their home country for the newly discovered Americas. The migration of people to the Americas brought all sorts of different foods to the land and established the United States as one of the most diverse countries in the world. </div><div>The diversity that arrived in the United States is what gave rise to such poems such as the one assigned to me. Throughout the poem, every mention of American is preceded by the descriptor “white,” implying that the speaker of this poem is of non-white descent. In addition, the last name of the teacher, “Snodgrass,” is a Scottish surname, implying that the teacher is of Scottish descent. </div><div>Interaction between these differing cultures, both positive and negative, is what makes America America. These interactions are metaphorically displayed within the speaker’s interactions against the teacher and bullies: disagreement between cultures is represented by Carlo’s conflict with the teacher and the bullies. </div><div>In adding the source of an immigration map (<a href="http://metrocosm.com/us-immigration-history-map.html">http://metrocosm.com/us-immigration-history-map.html</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing them just how diverse the immigrants to America were. Do note that this demonstration only visualizes immigrants who obtained a permanent resident status in the United States. As such, the dots do not account for the millions of slaves sold in the Americas.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://metrocosm.com/us-immigration-history-map.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 01:52:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753758916</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Wisconsin, USA</title>
         <author>nnandikanti3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753796787</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Nikhil Nandikanti<br>Wisconsin is relevant to us understanding the poem, "Singing to Make Butter Come", because it is generally known as one of the dairy and cheese making capitals of the world which directly connects to my poem considering it is centered around the butter-making process. The overall image of the setting that my poem displays is a self-sustained, cozy rural dairy farm. I personally also associate the state of Wisconsin with the same image: a place with dispersed local dairy farms throughout. There is a significant amount of dairy-related tourism in the state as well. Specifically, many family farms welcome visitors to tour the small-scale, self-sufficient food production. A similar lifestyle is outlined in the poem, in which butter is prepared in small quantities by hand, presumably for consumption for the family/farm itself. Many of the operations in Wisconsin are not for commercial purposes and more traditional production processes are utilized. My poem also leaves small hints relating to the setting in which it takes place, given in the form of potential causes for butter not coagulating properly. The hints are cold weather and low air pressure. Both of which correlate with Wisconsin’s relatively low air temperatures, year round, and hilly areas with high elevations.<br>In adding the source of  the Red Barn Family Farm article to this pin, it increases the multi-modal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a video (visual/electronic) mode to comprehend how traditional small-scale family farming is being preserved-- a lifestyle observed in the poem.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.postcrescent.com/story/life/food/2017/10/17/red-barn-family-farms-wisconsin-dairy-farms-puts-local-farmers-first-great-cheese-great-milk/594844001/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:09:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753796787</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jerusalem, Israel</title>
         <author>nnandikanti3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753807312</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Nikhil Nandikanti<br><br>Jerusalem is relevant to us understanding the poem, because it is the primary location associated with Christianity, an idea that is presented throughout my poem, "Singing to Make Butter Come". The butter making process which is illustrated in great detail in the poem is displayed with all the potential hurdles one may face while attempting to produce butter from buttermilk. A lack of absolute knowledge connects the hurdles with religion to find some answers. The writer includes many allusions and ideas drawn from Christianity to describe some of these challenges. A more implicit example is "evil in the air" and "curses" which connect to Biblical references to the devil and mythical verbal invocations with supernatural power. Later in the poem, one of the song choices chosen to sing to the buttermilk is a hymn, which is a form that is typically used for prayer and worship purposes, especially in Christianity. The most direct connection to the Christian religion is when the writer compares the flecks of butter joining into one piece to people rising from the dead at Resurrection. The capitalization of Resurrection and the basic idea itself both are strong Biblical allusions. Jerusalem is associated not only to the birthplace of Christ, but also to the Resurrection place, dually connecting to both the overall Christian concepts included in the poem and the significance of the word ‘Resurrection' which helps create the image of separated pieces of butter coming to life as a united mass.<br>In adding the source of the Garden Tomb article to this pin, it increases the multi-modal rhetorical situation for readers by including a video and electronic print source discussing Jerusalem and its relation to Christianity overall which is alluded to multiple times in the poem, along with the location's identity as the Resurrection place, establishing its significance and relation to the concept of life and renewal.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2018/march/the-garden-tomb-where-jesus-rose-again" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:14:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753807312</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>New Orleans, LA, USA - Asim Baral Pin #1</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753809860</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Curry by Sheryl St. Germain<br><br><br>New Orleans, Louisiana is relevant to us understanding the poem “Curry” because its culture and food techniques are used in the poem. The author, Sheryl St. Germain, was born and raised in New Orleans and is known to influence her work with this background. New Orleans has a rich culture of diverse people, all making different types of food. But in this poem, it seems to be influenced by the Cajun population and culture, as seen with the abundant amount of spices used to make the dish. Also, the ingredients that she uses in the poem, turmeric, red pepper, cumin, coriander, nutmeg, etc. are frequently used in New Orleans cuisine. In the poem, the narrator, who is a woman, is seducing a man while, simultaneously, cooking Chicken Marsala. This is out of the norm as in western culture, it’s usually a man who takes control of a sexual situation. With this contrast of the poem to real life, I think it’s important to explore the culture of Cajun people or just New Orleans overall, to understand this disparity. Another thing to note is that every year, New Orleans has a festival called Mardi Gras, where people dress rather uniquely and march down the street in the parade. I think this culture of self-expression and individualism that is innate to New Orleans is vital to understanding this poem. It indicates that the same self-expression and contrast to the norm of dressing “normal” in a typical Mardi Gras parade correlates to the narrator’s behaviors in the poem. It almost seems like having a deep connection with New Orleans gave her the confidence to do take control of a sexual situation and do what she wanted to do. <br><br><br>In adding the source of the picture<em> </em>of Mardi Gras to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them understand the traditions of Mardi Gras and the self-expression and individuality that the people in the parade show. This is important to the poem because it provides a perspective as to the reasons and motivations of the narrator taking control of her relationship.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/KosmicFrenchmenPurpleFaceMardiGras2009.JPG" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:15:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753809860</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>France - Asim Baral Pin #2</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753817451</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"Curry" by Sheryl St. Germain<br><br><br>France is relevant to us understanding the poem “Curry” because it was where Cajun people descended from. As it seems that the dish in the poem is largely influenced by the Cajun culture that is prominent in New Orleans, it's very important to understand how this originated. I think understanding the historical events, that led to the Cajuns migrating out of France to different parts of the world can provide additional perspectives on the poem itself. The author, Sheryl St. Germain is also Cajun, which gives a very important indication that her culture and identity of being Cajun could have influenced this poem. Besides the way that the food is being prepared and how that is very similar to the way that Cajuns cook, what's more, important is the actions of the narrator in the poem. The narrator basically seduces a man, while she is cooking something for him. This idea is out of the norm, as men are usually the ones who take control, which is also another reason I choose France as one of the locations. Today, France is one of the most progressive countries when it comes to women’s rights and equality. Their president, Emmanuel Macron is set on pursing gender and overall equality not only in France but also internationally. He even has a 5-year plan to achieve this great initiative. I say this because, I do think that the actions of the narrator to ignore patriarchal social norms and take control of her relationship is in a way a step towards equality. In the poem, her actions feel so natural, that without thinking of the current social norms, someone might think it’s normal. This is why France is important. By adding France to the map, it shows the impact of cultural diffusion on food and the lives that the people there, in this case New Orleans, have. <br><br></div><div><br>In adding the source of the book chapter <em>Red Beans and Rebuilding An Iconic Dish, Memory, and Culture in New Orleans</em> by David Beriss to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by letting them understand the culture of New Orleans and how it was influenced by the migration of different people around the world, like France. It will let themselves how some of the ingredients and techniques of different parts of the world spread due to cultural diffusion, and how because of this not only have recipes changed but the overall culture as well.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350042223&amp;tocid=b-9781350042223-chapter13&amp;st=french+cajun" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:19:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753817451</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mexico - Asim Baral Pin #3</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753821906</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"Curry" by Sheryl St. Germain<br><br><br>Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem “Curry” by Sheryl St. Germain because of the fact that that's where the red pepper originated from. This is interesting as the red pepper seems to be an important symbol or metaphor in the poem, yet the poem is supposed to be set in New Orleans. After research, it is seen that while the red pepper originated in Mexico, it was imported to other parts of the world after the Spanish invaded and colonized Mexico. Normally, this wouldn't be important, but in this case, it is because the poem largely focuses on metaphors of spices. With this, I think it's important to analyze Mexican culture and their use of the red pepper in order to better understand the poem. Mexican culture is very similar to the one in New Orleans, in terms of food. They both have a focus on spicy foods and a culture of eating with family, which both consists of a passion for making and eating food. This could provide context to the poem when the woman is talking about cooking food while simultaneously having sex with her significant other. One possible reason for this could be that the author was trying to relate the strong emotions of the woman to the strong flavor and spice of the red pepper. Another reason could be to shows just how ingrained the process of making and eating food is in our daily lives. But regardless of what the author actually intended as the meaning of the red pepper, one thing clear is the relationship between food and people’s daily lives. It stems further than the fact that people eat food daily, but there is something about how it is used in conjunction with the other things we do daily.</div><div><br>In adding the source of the video “This Chef Keeps the Flavors of Ancient Mexico Alive<em>,” </em>by Great Big Story to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them understand the strong culture around food and family in Mexico. I think understanding this could provide a perspective around how food and relationships are intertwined in the poem, as well as show the respect and passion of the narrator as she cooks chicken marsala similar to how Abigail Mendoza cooks daily.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_-NRMYO1Ak" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:21:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753821906</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Vermont, USA-Clarice Hill</title>
         <author>claricethill</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753844335</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong><br>Northeastern America is relevant to us understanding the poem "Family Style" because the poet describes Jo drinking syrup. In most of the world and the United States syrup is only used as a condiment. In Northeastern Vermont however an entire industry and art has emerged around syrup. The practice of creating syrup was passed on from the indigenous populations to the European colonists. In much of the northeastern United States and Eastern Canada, the sugaring in the Spring is an important aspect of culture and a social event to celebrate spring. This has led to the development of a full flavor profile for the various syrups ranging from maple to floral, in texture from smooth to mineral, and with various flavor hints. The poem is assumed to be referring to the poet’s home state of Kentucky, however the inclusion of Jo’s habit implies that Jo may be from the northeastern United States. This adds a layer of complexity to some of the food and cultures that the poet describes through her grandparents’ habits. Jo is later referred to as eating “a pan of icing” so it may be possible that Jo simply enjoys the taste of highly sweet foods that most individuals find little enjoyment in eating by themselves. Regardless of the cause, this detail adds an element of individuality to Jo as someone with tastes beyond “quintessential” southern food.</strong> <strong>In adding the source of “Sweetness and Taste” by Amy Trubek to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the readers a flavor chart to guide their syrup tasting. In Barry’s “The pleasures of eating” this dedication to the exact science of factors that influence the taste are said to increase enjoyment. The existence of such a precise and broad flavor chart supports this idea as a community with exact knowledge of the growing conditions is able to more precisely enjoy the flavors of the syrup.<br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350009615.ch-004" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:32:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753844335</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Virginia, USA || Lauren Wilson</title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753849398</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The North Forest region of Vermont is relevant to us understanding the poem “Family Style” by George Ella Lyon because of its long history of producing maple syrup. In a line in the poem, the speaker says, “Jo drank syrup.” While this might be perceived as a silly joke, holding little importance, it actually conveys some important information about the speaker’s family’s relationship with food. Throughout the poem there are certain references to sugary foods, from pies, icing, “cone of cream,” domestic tea, and jam cake. Common within modern—starting at the twentieth century—culture of the south is the popularity of sugary foods. Once thought to be a commodity in the previous centuries, sugar and sugary foods became popular in the United States once food production became almost fully industrialized. One of the products that became accessible to American households is syrup, which has roots in the region of Northern Vermont and Canada. A middle to lower class family in the rural South (representative of the speaker’s family demographic) would typically consume locally produced products such as syrup, making it the most likely location of origin.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350009615&amp;tocid=b-9781350009615-chapter3&amp;st=syrup." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:34:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753849398</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Africa - Clarice Hill</title>
         <author>claricethill</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753853947</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://digpodcast.org/2020/07/26/soul-food/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:36:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753853947</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Africa- Clarice Hill</title>
         <author>claricethill</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753867610</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Africa is relevant to us understanding the poem "Family Style" because  many of the foods that are recognized as southern have their roots in African culture. This culture was transferred during the Transatlantic Slave Trade. This highly controversial event has been instrumental in shaping the South we see today though the effects of the slave trade are still quite apparent in the food inequalities of the South. In the poem, the people are never described to be lacking in food. This highlights a contrast between the white experience in the south and the black experience where racism, perpetuated at every level, impacts even aspects such as food. In this way, we can characterize the poet’s experiences as privileged since even though people can live in the same places, the experiences can be different based upon their race. This also brings the topic of race into our characterization of the individuals in this poem. The poet’s grandparents are most likely of European ancestry however they have unconsciously melded African culture into their own despite Southern culture actively perpetuating racism against people of African descent. In adding the podcast “Slavery and Soul Food” to this pin, this podcast raises the question about the mammy stereotype that is perpetuated in Southern culture and is deeply tied with food. This active connection between the two cultures is quite ironically ignored in most communities and due to the large physical distance between the American South and Africa this connection remains largely historical rather than actively identified by either culture. Additionally, when considered with Barry’s “The Pleasures of Eating”, we can consider if the poem’s subjects feel more enjoyment with the food since they prepare it themselves. In the South’s history though, this concept was perverted as slave holders took pride and pleasure in the cooking of their slaves, as they considered the slaves theirs thus having no internal motivation. ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://digpodcast.org/2020/07/26/soul-food/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:43:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753867610</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Scheveningen, The Hague, Netherlands  - Shaima Momin -  Draft</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753884578</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: River Politics by Adam Vines<br><br>Scheveningen, Netherlands is relevant to us understanding the poem, <em>River Politics</em>by Adam Vines, because the poem takes place at a campfire, and Scheveningen, Netherlands holds the world record of having the largest campfire there. The concept of having the setting of the poem to take place at a campfire site is important in understanding the relationship between the people presented in the story. Campfires are commonly known for bonding with friends as you gather around the fire, eating, and sharing stories, implying that the narrator has a close, long-lasting relationship with the other people there. The actions the narrator describes such as in lines 2-3 he states, “Jim slugs his Jack, Rob stews his lack”, shows that each person is doing something individually, without interacting with one another. This independency from each person shows that the group is close as they do not an awkwardness from the silence. At the end of the poem the narrator says, “we all watch dissolve (in the slough, a carp roll, a splash) into ash.” which describes the fact of how all things must end and “turn into ash”. This could be describing how their time at the campfire must eventually come to an end. This also symbolizes and describes how fires everywhere leave ash when they have finished. </div><div> </div><div>In adding the source of the picture by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/mariusbstrand/4735510489/in/photostream/">Marius Helland Bøstrand</a>, which is a picture taken of the largest campfire, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing there is beauty in simplicity as well. In the picture, in front of the photographer, there are many people surrounding the campfire, and just observing, which relates to the poem as the characters are also surrounding a campfire and doing simple actions.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/732817280/55230675a96463e7d4bdfab8ad2a0ba4/newcampfire_med.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 02:52:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753884578</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mongolia - Shaima Momin - Draft</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753898237</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: River Politics by Adam Vines<br><br>Mongolia is relevant to us understanding the poem, <em>River </em>Politics by Adam Vines, because that is where history’s largest empire, the Mongol Empire, originated from. I chose to focus on the Mongol Empire for this poem, primarily due to the fact that the author compares the campfire to an empire. In lines 7-8, the author states, “and the campfire might as well be an empire”. At first, it can be assumed that the size of the campfire is so big it is comparable to that of an empire, however, it can be interpreted that the author is not only comparing the size of the campfire, but is also comparing the logistics and details of his surroundings to that of an empire. In the beginning of the poem, the author gives simple one sentence descriptions of what each person and animal is doing. For example, lines 1-2 says, “I spit my smack, Jim slugs his Jack,”. Continuously telling the audience of everyone’s actions also resembles the empire comparison made in the poem. In each empire there are specific roles and duties that need to be carried out by each person for the empire to be successful, which is similar as the poem lists out each person/animal’s actions.</div><div> </div><div> In adding of the source of the article<em>, </em><a href="http://www.mongolia-web.com/1221-daily-life-mongol-empire/"><em>Daily Life in the Mongol Empire</em></a>, which describes how everyday life was during the Mongol Empire. It describes how food and money were, the primary domestic animals, traditional clothing, and more, to this pin it helps the reader understand the structure of the Mongol Empire and how citizen life was day-to-day, which is different than the “empire” mentioned in the poem. This also helps the audience comprehend the simplicity of the poem and the effortless actions mentioned as we are easily able to compare it to the multiple organized aspects of the Mongol Empire. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.mongolia-web.com/1221-daily-life-mongol-empire/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:00:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753898237</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hershey, PA, USA - Shaima Momin - Draft</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753900535</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: River Politics by Adam Vines<br><br>Hershey’s Chocolate Factory is relevant to us understanding the poem <em>River Politics </em>by Adam Vines, because the smelling and tasting of sweet and of other foods calms and relaxes us, putting us in to a state of safety, and it will begin to feel homey. This feeling of calmness and relaxation is also found in the poem through its syntax and diction. The poem is extremely easy to read and follow along to, this is because the author chose to use simple and short sentences through the entirety of the poem. Not only does the structure of the poem reflect the calmness but so does the tone. The tone of the poem is very mellow and relaxing. The author gives a one line description of what each of the characters and animals are doing at that time. The actions are not hectic, more so simple and are easily imaginable to the reader allowing them to be “there” in the setting of the poem, which helps it be descriptive. This contributes to the fact of how the poem is different to the empire comparison made and the word “Politics” being used in the title. Empires and politics are thought of as having too many levels to them and for being chaotic and “messy” at times, whereas this poem has a completely opposite feel to it as it is simple, effortless, and uncomplicated.</div><div> </div><div>In adding the source of the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6c_NIyrvNI"><em>Inside the Hershey Chocolate Factory</em></a>, which is an audio and visual video which describes how Hershey’s chocolate bars are made, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation as the audience is able to visualize and have sensory perception of looking at the sweet chocolate makes the audience feel calm, which is the tone created by the author using descriptions to aid in visualization and through the diction through the entirty of the poem.  </div><div> </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6c_NIyrvNI" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:01:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753900535</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mobile, AL, USA </title>
         <author>kjagannath3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753959359</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Keshav Jagannath<br><br>Mobile has a population of about 200,000 people, at a near 0% growth rate. It’s chalk full of suburban houses, quiet fishing docks, and pickup trucks. Aesthetically, it could be mistaken for any other moderately sized American city were it not for its specific inclusion in the poem. The fact that the father is now living there conveys a deep symbolic significance to his current state. His son is in Florence, the father’s previous hurdles are past him, and he is of the mindset that whatever sadness to come “will come” later. Each of us has a tiny voice in our brain that will, at some point, ask us to settle down in life, no matter how great our thirst for adventure. The specifics of that place vary based on each person’s interests, upbringing, and cultural heritage. To understand why the father chose to settle in Mobile, of all places, his relationship to the city needs to be studied. Did he live there for a long time? What, in Mobile, is conducive for such a lifestyle, what makes it better than the Philippines, his cultural home? What about its qualities relative to Florence? A dutiful father could certainly have followed his son through his final education or early career, especially if he were in good health. There is a great deal of reasons why the father chose to stay where he was, but a good understanding of his home would be a good place to start. <br><br></div><div>We all have different interpretations of what it means to settle down in life. Some desire to raise a family, others pursue an interest they never got the chance to pursue, and others choose not to go gentle into that good night. However, there is one thing in common: every human needs to have a certain sense of peace and contentment with what we have achieved thus far. If a person settles down while knowing we have not achieved our full potential, that person either lives a life of regret, or gets back to work at some point. The father in this poem is living his last years in a town as quiet as Mobile knowing he has achieved the greatest accomplishment a father can do: raising a child to go off into the world. He doesn’t have a desire to live anywhere fancier, and more ambitious than Mobile, because he doesn’t need to.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.quora.com/At-what-age-is-a-person-fully-content" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:35:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753959359</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Birmingham, AL, USA - Ewan Albright</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753959703</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br></div><div>Birmingham, Alabama is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food" because it is where the poem takes place and provides the other food culture in the poem. By adding this secondary food culture, the author is able to establish a culture clash in order to highlight the differences between both. The author demonstrates how, in a place that seemingly lacks Middle Eastern food culture, there is a lot thanks to the number of restaurants that open in the town from all over the world. This also represents something that happens all across the United States and much of the world; the food culture is expanded as there are people living there from all over the world. Birmingham is the most populous city in Alabama and is also home to a large college, so it makes sense for people of many different identities and backgrounds to settle there. As a result of the added physical diversity, the diversity in food grows as well. By allowing the poem to take place in Alabama, the author demonstrates that just because two places are thousands of miles apart doesn’t mean that their food profiles can’t overlap. Because of its diversity, a resident of Birmingham, Alabama has the ability to have a burger and fries for lunch, but a Middle Eastern dish for dinner later that same day. </div><div>In adding the source that shows the diversity in Birmingham, Alabama (https://datausa.io/profile/geo/birmingham-al/) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by demonstrating the many cultural identities and flavor profiles present in the city. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://datausa.io/profile/geo/birmingham-al" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:35:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753959703</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Belgium - Ewan Albright</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753963208</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Belgium is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food" because Belgium is where the now world famous delicacy of french fries was born, and french fries are an important image in the poem. In the poem, the author uses french fries as another symbol of flavor diversity and it helps her establish the culture and flavor clash that is a central theme of the poem. The importance of the french fries in the poem is that it demonstrates the speaker’s reluctance to branch out from a flavor profile with which they are comfortable. Despite ordering from a Mediterranean restaurant, the speaker orders french fries instead of a Mediterranean dish which might be expected. Furthermore, the fact that the restaurant owner has to include french fries, a food not generally associated with Mediterranean restaurants, on the menu at a Mediterannean restaurant demonstrates a general trend of people ignoring the food and culture diversity right in front of them. In addition to this, the inclusion of french fries in the poem demonstrates how one place can seemingly adopt a food and make it their own. Today french fries are thought of as a primarily American food as that is where they are most widely eaten being a fast food staple. But even though they are thought of as American, they are most certainly not. </div><div>In adding the source that shows the origin of french fries (https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/belgian-fries) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by clarifying a common misconception about where french fries are from and reinforces the food diversity presented in the poem. <br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/belgian-fries" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:37:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753963208</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Saudi Arabia - Ewan Albright</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753964461</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Saudi Arabia is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food" because in the poem the speaker describes the restaurant owner’s accent to be “heavy as oil,” suggesting that the owner could be Saudi Arabian due to the fact that Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s largest oil producers. By using this simile, the speaker hints at the restaurant owner’s nationality. In doing so, they add yet another level of cultural and food identity to the poem. This line not only represents how Saudi Arabia is known for its mass scale oil production, but also for its cuisine that is heavily reliant on oil. Plus, the speaker further emphasizes the cultural and flavor profile disconnect between the restaurant owner, the type of cuisine served at the restaurant, the food served at the restaurant, the speaker, and the restaurant’s location of Birmingham, Alabama. To someone not from the same place as the restaurant owner, their accent is likely to sound thick and heavy like oil. But the interesting aspect to the symbol of oil is that it differentiates the cultures presented in more ways than one. It highlights multiple aspects of food, culture, and identity beyond just what an accent may sound like. In this case, it’s the middle east’s cooking with oil and vast production and exportation of oil. </div><div>In adding the source that shows the production of oil in Saudi Arabia (https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/169.htm) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by reinforcing the importance oil has in the cultural identity of Saudi Arabia. <br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:38:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753964461</guid>
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         <title>Ellis Island, United States</title>
         <author>kjagannath3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753966536</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Keshav Jagannath<br>This poem invoked imagery of jet airplanes flying over the father’s home. Clearly, the scene is set in a far too recent time for Ellis Island to be literally relevant. That said, the father’s family migrating to the United States from the Philippines is a logical conclusion. As such, the emotions, and struggles the father experienced would not be dissimilar to the emotions and struggles of the twelve million immigrants who went through Ellis Island. Unless the father was previously connected to the United States in some way, his decision to migrate would not have been an easy one. Ellis Island was probably the point of maximum stress for every immigrant in that era. Someone travelling many months without any money or possessions could very well have been turned away at the doorstep of New York City. While the resources needed to get to the United States are significantly lighter in the era of jet travel, similar stakes would have applied upon arriving at the immigration checkpoints.  Examining the pressure of Ellis Island gives the reader a greater awareness of the obstacles the father may have had to overcome to get to where he was today. Perhaps that is why he is living a content life now; his most challenging years are successfully behind him.<br><br></div><div> Ellis island may not be operational now, but it’s still a symbol for the moment we face adversity in our life. I say we, because we are human.  Adversity is guaranteed to face each and every one of us, not least the father in the poem. Success and failure can sometimes be guaranteed by a single moment, and that’s terrifying. However, that force of stress is one that unifies many different races. On Ellis Island, people would bring with them, their own cultures and traditions, their own chicken adobos, Indian naan, Italian pastas, and Irish potatoes. This poem may centre around a Filipino family, but it’s a story that transcends ethnicity, and its  one that strikes at something beautiful about humanity: the willingness to search for a new life in spite of the known dangers of the unknown.<br><br></div><div> <br><br></div><div> <br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:39:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753966536</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Mobile, AL, USA - Will Armentrout</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753974053</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>"Mobile: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Jubilee" because It is mentioned in the poem “every blue crab this side of Mobile” While this line seems trivial at first and more of a passing line, it provides context to the setting of the poem and the characters within the poem. Mobile is a port city on the Gulf of Mexico in Alabama. The city plays a prominent role in the shipping operations in and around the Gulf. It has the US’ ninth largest port and imports tons of raw materials and goods into the south. It is a bustling port city and for that reason it has major influence over the culture (ie food) around it. If the poem is referencing Mobile that means the setting and the character must be close to the Gulf otherwise using Mobile as relative location wouldn’t be in the lexicon of the characters. Mobile is a very impactful place to be mentioned in passing without a second thought. The way Mobile is used is very similar to the way the Mississippi River is used by Americans to denote East and West. Mobile is used as a dividing marker between the “western” south and the “eastern” south saying that “every blue crab this side of Mobile” has come to the water. This points to the idea that the characters probably live near the Gulf or at least in the South along the water. </div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://mobilebaymag.com/eat-like-a-local/">https://mobilebaymag.com/eat-like-a-local/</a> A description of local food in Mobile, Alabama to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by Allowing them to understand the food culture in Mobile and draw conclusions on the influences Mobile has within the poem.. The readers might find similarities between this and the poem as well as other dishes they have heard of throughout the south, allowing the reader to extrapolate the effect of Mobile on Southern Food and Culture. "</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://mobilebaymag.com/eat-like-a-local/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:44:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753974053</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Rhode Island, Autumn Toms Updated Pin</title>
         <author>autumnmtoms</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753979425</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>“Indian pudding, hasty pudding, hush puppy,<br><br></div><div>grits—some words for what can be made<br><br></div><div>of cornmeal, simplest food a person<br><br></div><div>can grow and grind herself.”<br><br></div><div>Rhode Island is one of the first states where British settlers interacted with Native Americans. It took corn thousands of years to spread throughout Central and North America via migrating people, but once it reached New England, the Native Americans there were the first to grind the crop into cornmeal. Rhode Island often experiences harsh winters, so cornmeal was stashed in dry locations to be used in the winter when crops didn’t grow. Local Native Americans also were able to adapt the crop, so it matured quicker and fit the shorter, local growing season. Women did the work of preparing and preserving food for the family, like grinding corn into cornmeal. That role of a woman in a kitchen has been diminished in modern culture, but in history it was integral for survival, as mentioned in this poem. When British settlers arrived in America, they adapted the Native American’s corn-based dishes into their own custom dishes. Hasty pudding was a common British dish made from wheat that resembled a thick batter. Once introduced to corn, the settlers made a similar dish with cornmeal and sweetened it with molasses, calling it Indian pudding. Other common corn-based dishes from the Rhode Island area include pone (corn cakes made from pounding kernels into a fine powder that is mixed with water or bear oil and baked over coals) and hominy (whole kernels boiled in water). Dishes like these of the Native Americans and British unknowingly evolved to many of the corn dishes such as cornbread, corn on the cob, and succotash we enjoy today.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a recipe for Indian Pudding to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering the steps it takes to make a corn dish that combines the identity of two different group of people.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1016896-indian-pudding" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:47:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753979425</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Mississippi River, United States - Will Armentrout</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753980372</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>"Mississippi River: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Jubilee" because no one can doubt the effect the Mississippi river has had on the cultural lexicon of the US and specifically the south. It is the lifeblood of the south. Supplying it with produce from the midwest and consumer products from the Gulf of Mexico. In American Culture it is used as a dividing marker between the East and the West, much like Mobile is used in the poem. Mobile is seen as an important place within the context of the poem, so much that it is used as a geographic marker to the audience. Understanding the reasons behind what made the Mississippi River such a common dividing line allows the reader to relate that to Mobile in the poem. In Addition to the relationship between the Mississippi River and Mobile in the lexicon, the brackish end to the Mississippi contains all of the fauna mentioned in the poem. Blue crabs are found all along the coasts of the Eastern US, including the Mississippi River Delta. Shrimp and flounder can both be found in the brackish waters here as well. The Mississippi River serves a dual meaning in the poem, first and foremost a national example of the way that Mobile is used within the poem and second as a place the poem could have been located based on the food referenced. Understanding the context of the place where these foods are located is critical to understanding the poem itself.</div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://www.americanrivers.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/map-mississippi-river.png">https://www.americanrivers.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/map-mississippi-river.png</a></div><div>an image of the size of the Mississippi River to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the readers a sense of scale to the river’s impact on the culture of the US and allow the readers to draw conclusions about how the Mississippi River came to be the dividing line between East and West. Knowing the expansiveness of the Mississippi River and drawing conclusions about it’s cultural impact allows the reader to better understand the way Mobile is used in the poem”</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:48:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753980372</guid>
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         <title>Costa Rica, Autumn Toms</title>
         <author>autumnmtoms</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753983217</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Costa Rica is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because it offers a perspective on how crops, specifically corn, play a role in a nation’s identity. At the end of the 19th century, Costa Rica was beginning to experience an identity crisis. Other Latin American countries viewed Costa Rica as white like European Nations. This led to a further internal crisis because many Costa Ricans are not white. To try to collect and authenticate their culture, Costa Ricans because to name and document aspects of their culture such as what they wanted to consider “traditional” cuisine. This proved to be a challenge because even though corn was a staple across the country, different regions had different views and opinions on the crop. The Guanacastecan region views themselves in a Mesoamerican context, apart from the “whiteness” of other regions such as the Central Valley. To oversimplify, the Guanacastecan people believe they had corn first, and compare themselves to other countries such as Nicaragua and Mexico. They believe the other Costa Ricans “learned corn” from them and often say Costa Ricans from the Central Valley prepare corn dished wrong. People view this as a marginalized group of people claiming an identity to try and “exclude the ones that had formerly excluded them.” <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a book written about the role of food in Costa Rica’s identity to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering a written, in-depth look at the cultural implication of a crop.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a photo of Gallina Achiotada to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering a visual look at a traditional corn dish of the Guanacastecan people.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:50:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753983217</guid>
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         <title>Colombia, Autumn Toms</title>
         <author>autumnmtoms</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753985696</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Colombia is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because Colombians are using corn’s history in their country to help fight for their identity. Specifically, Colombians are currently fighting against the use of GMOs in corn crops. Their main argument is that altering corn crops belittles the indigenous cultures and embodies modern-day imperialism in their country, affecting politics, natural resources, cultures, and the economy. The book lists slogans the activists fighting against GMOs use: “We are a people of corn” and “Without corn there is no country.” These slogans tie corn to all aspects of their lives, saying genetically modified corn is a foreign threat to Colombia’s identity. The United States produces genetically modified corn, and they do so quite publicly. Colombia grows twenty-five types of corn, so Colombians view mass producing one type as parallel to stripping them of their unique cultural identities. Colombia has also started importing corn to use as food for livestock and other industrial purposes. This further crushes the Colombians because corn is their identity, they should not have to import it from countries like the Unites States. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a book discussing the symbolism of corn to Colombia to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering another country’s culture’s perspective on a common crop in the United States.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the Genetic Literary Project’s podcast with Bill Nye about GMOS to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering an audio that explains how corns DNA can be changed with GMOS, just as Colombian people’s DNA(identity) is being changed with GMOS.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/science-rules-with-bill-nye/e/65427376?autoplay=true" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-17 03:51:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753985696</guid>
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         <title>America (Juliette Hartmann)</title>
         <author>jhartmann30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753999678</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The last location I chose is <strong>America</strong> as a whole because the second section of Wo Chan’s poem reflects their mixed feelings being an American. They describe America as a “celebration, so heavenward and wrong”. America seems to be the root of both their freedoms and their troubles. They explain that they “learned to speak English like a quick brick road”. The pressure for people that do not speak English to learn English in America is immeasurable. My dad was born in Germany under a Swiss citizenship. He grew up in Switzerland until he was 7, when the family moved to India for my Opa’s job. From the ages of 7 to 18, my dad lived in India with his family. He attended an American embassy school in which he learned English- which was not his first language. For college, my dad came to America. Eventually, my Oma and Opa began spending time over here as well. I’ve witnessed them struggle to learn English. People will look at them funny in a store or look away from them while they are talking to ask me what they are saying. It’s rude and hurtful. The poem ends with the explanation that Chan’s father knew the words to one anthem only. While it could be referencing the Star Spangled Banner, it is most likely the national anthem of China. Chan is from the Fujian province of China. While a young Chan may have learned English quickly in school, his father may have been too focused on getting by and providing for his family to take on learning another language. The individual words of the first page of the poem could be representing broken English- as the words are strewn across the page. I have had family members that have been overlooked and treated rudely due to their lack of perfected English. To Chan’s father, learning English was the equivalent of “splitting rocks”. Their father seems to think highly of them for being capable of learning a language that is almost necessary to succeed in America. </div><div><br></div><div>The source I’m adding to this pin is <a href="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350078703&amp;tocid=b-9781350078703-Afterword1&amp;st=Americanization">Afterword: Feasting and the Pursuit of National Unity—American Thanksgiving and Cantonese Common-Pot Dining</a>. It discusses how other food cultures have incorporated their own ethnic foods into American traditions, most specifically the tradition of thanksgiving. I believe that it gives insight into the ways that other cultures cope with or even push back against “Americanization”. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 04:01:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/753999678</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Northern Egypt, Hongze Khor (Final Pin 2)</title>
         <author>hkhor6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/754879225</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><br>Northern Egypt-- specifically near the Nile River-- is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Sacred and the Bread” because it is where the most consistent evidence of societies first baking breads exists. Bread is central to the story of “The Sacred and the Bread”, shown by the narrator’s primary descriptions of their life revolving around bread. The narrator describes a “white-haired woman”, presumably a matriarch, making bread with care and love, indicating that a tradition of making bread is deeply important to the family. Additionally, activities shared with family, such as communion and eating dinner revolve around bread, further establishing the food’s importance to the narrator of the poem. If we follow the tradition of baking bread back to ancient times, the first instance of baking bread as a product of farming wheat was probably in the Fertile Crescent, which comprises parts of the Middle East today. I specifically chose Northern Egypt because it is one of the earliest societies that we have a lot of archaeological evidence for today! Such evidence includes depictions from art, what they used to make bread, and some of the bread itself surviving for us to see. It is suggested that they even figured out how to first make rising sourdough bread using wild yeast, similarly to how beer was made. If we can understand how breadmaking started from understanding artifacts from Northern Egypt, we can then understand why bread is so important to humans today.</div><div>In adding the source of the bread from Ancient Egypt to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a real connection from ancient society to them. It is often easy to think of ancient societies in abstract terms, not fully thinking about how they existed as we did and had societies like us as well. This bread helps to shatter that illusion by presenting an artifact to readers-- humans are very visual creatures, after all.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-17 12:34:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/754879225</guid>
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         <title>Lima, Peru</title>
         <author>amahadevan37</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/758923960</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ashwin Mahadevan<br><br>Lima, Peru is relevant to us understanding the poem “A Theory of Pole Beans” because it represents the journey of the string bean. Green beans were first domesticated in Peru and then diffused throughout Central America through Indian tribes. In a way, this signifies the first account of migration experienced by the green bean. Furthermore, it can be seen as a catalyst that triggered the diffusion of the green bean to the rest of the world. As green beans spread across Central America, tribes adopted different versions of the original green bean. This led to a variety of cuisines in Latin America, which was later mirrored by other parts of the world. A parallel can be drawn between this process and how green beans were assimilated into American culture. Specifically, the inclusion of green beans into “soul food” was made possible through the migration of African Americans from the northern parts of the United States to the south. Similarly, different types of cuisines developed in Central America through migrating Indian tribes. In each scenario, several factors including societal values and music played pivotal roles in shaping the assimilation of green beans into each respective region’s food preferences.  In adding “ History of the Green Bean Crop” by Bill May to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by establishing a primary example of the diffusion of green beans, which can be compared to other scenarios where green beans have been assimilated into different cuisines. </div><div><a href="https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/farm-basics/how-to-crop/history-of-the-green-bean-crop/">https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/farm-basics/how-to-crop/history-of-the-green-bean-crop/ </a></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-18 14:36:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/758923960</guid>
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         <title>Iowa, USA (Cody Kaminsky)</title>
         <author>kaminskycody1212</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759810584</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Iowa is relevant to us understanding the poem How to Kill a Hog because it is the state in the United States where the most slaughtering of pigs takes place. The difference between the slaughterhouses in Iowa and the slaughtering of the hog in the poem highlights our disconnect between the animal and the meat. When we eat meat, we often forget that the meat we are eating belongs to an animal that was slaughtered. In Iowa, this slaughtering is an industry and as a result we separate the act of killing the hogs and eating the meat of the hogs. In the poem, it is different. The slaughtering that takes place is not a part of an industry, but rather a smaller farm. They must both care for the pig and slaughter it. The character in the poem is connected emotionally to this animal that they must kill, but they must do it to sell it for money or eat it. This emotional connection that character has with the hog can be understood when the author writes, “how you washed | how you opened her?”(a.). The character is why they must kill the hog despite caring for it for so long. Since the late1980s in the US, farmers are not the ones to kill their hogs, but rather they send off the pigs to be slaughtered by slaughterhouses like the ones in Iowa. The emotional connection between the pig and its meat is not common anymore and as such, we most likely will not ever experience what the character did yet. Despite this being the case, we continue to eat the meat from the animal.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of an example of the cruelty that goes on in slaughterhouses at Iowa farms to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving them a real life and visual example of the industrialized slaughterhouses referred to in the pin.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-18 17:52:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759810584</guid>
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         <title>Lexington, KY, USA (Cody Kaminsky)</title>
         <author>kaminskycody1212</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759823301</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Lexington, Kentucky is relevant to us understanding the poem How to Kill a Hog because of its relation to the author of the poem. Rebecca Howell was born in Lexington in 1975. While Kentucky is not the state with the most hog farming in the United States, it still has many farms. Poems are often written based on passed experiences and in this case, Howell could be sharing her experiences of hog farming when she was younger and the sadness she felt while participating in it. Understanding where she grew up and the time period she grew up in gives insight into what might have sparked her emotions that were relayed in the poem. During the 1970s and 80s, the United States had a large amount of family hog farms which bred and slaughtered hogs to make money. Lexington was no different. Currently though, hog farming in Lexington is different than most other places in the United States. Instead of having large farms of pigs that are sent off to slaughterhouses, many farms in Lexington have stuck to caring for a smaller quantity of pigs that they breed and kill themselves. The difference in change between the United States and Lexington, Kentucky is important context to the poem. The way that Lexington is and has been is the type of hog farming depicted in the poem. The character is caring for the one pig through its pregnancy and kills the one pig too.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the picture of the article about hog farming in Lexington this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing them the place that the author grew up in and the culture of hog farming there.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.kentucky.com/news/business/article42617196.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-18 17:55:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759823301</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>kaminskycody1212</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759827100</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Lexington, Kentucky is relevant to us understanding the poem How to Kill a Hog because of its relation to the author of the poem. Rebecca Howell was born in Lexington in 1975. While Kentucky is not the state with the most hog farming in the United States, it still has a large amount of them. Howell writing this poem may be her sharing her experiences of hog farming in her earlier years and the sadness she felt. Understanding where she grew up and the time, she grew up in allows us to know about what might have sparked her emotions that were relayed through the poem. Also knowing the culture of hog killing that the author was surrounded by in her earlier years gives insight into why her emotions are the way they are in the poem. Currently, hog farming in Lexington is different than most other places in the United States. Instead of having large farms of pigs that are sent off to slaughterhouses, many farms in Lexington have stuck to caring for a smaller quantity of pigs that they take care of themselves. This is like the poem in that the pig was cared for through is pregnancy and then had to be slaughtered, but it all being done by the same people.
In adding the source of the picture of the article about hog farming in Lexington this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing them the place that the author grew up in and the culture of hog farming there.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-18 17:56:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759827100</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mesopotamia, Iraq (Cody Kaminsky)</title>
         <author>kaminskycody1212</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759838358</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Mesopotamia is relevant to us understanding the poem How to Kill a Hog because it gives us the knowledge of the origins of the pigs in the United States and their historical relationship with humans. Hogs are not native to North America. The hogs were brought over by the European settlers and the settlers received the hogs from areas around Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia is the place that first domesticated pigs. From just those pigs brought over from the Europeans, there are now around five million in the US. An integral part of many diets is pork and as something that is often taken for granted, it is important to know not only that there is the mass slaughtering of pigs in the United States, but also why there is the killing. To a large extent, the poem is about the relationship between the character and the hog. In knowing the historical connection between the human and the pig adds the understanding of the change in connection between the two over time. The large amount of hog farms and slaughterhouses that exist today in the US are a result of the domestication of hogs by the people of Mesopotamia and the emotional turmoil that the character goes through in the poem also originates in Mesopotamia. Without Mesopotamia, there may not be hog farming like it is now in the United States. Knowing the effect of Mesopotamia on hog farming in the United States adds context to the emotions that are relayed through the poem.</div><div><br>In adding the source of the history of the domestication of pigs to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding to their understanding of the context of the poem.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DadiycrLNP4" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-18 17:58:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759838358</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>kaminskycody1212</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759843867</link>
         <description><![CDATA[
Mesopotamia is relevant to us understanding the poem How to Kill a Hog because it gives us the knowledge of the origins of the pigs in the United States. Hogs are not native to North America. The hogs were brought over by the European settlers and the settlers received the hogs from areas around Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia is the place that first domesticated pigs. From just those pigs brought over from the Europeans, there are now around five million in the US. Without this there would not be the large amount of hog farms and slaughterhouses that exist today in the US. In knowing this, we gain the understanding of the context around the poem. The killing of the hogs in the poem was a result of the Europeans bringing the hogs from Europe. The practice of and the emotions surrounding the killing of the hog in the poem would not be felt as a result. In understanding any poem, one must know the context of it and in this case, the origin of the hogs and the practice of killing them is part of the context of the poem, How to Kill a Hog.
In adding the source of the history of the domestication of pigs to this pin, it increases the	 multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding to their understanding of the context of the poem.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-18 18:00:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/759843867</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Peru Madeline Hartlage</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760510123</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Peru is relevant to us understanding the poem “Knowing” because it is the origin region of two foods that Woods integrates into her poem. One of the foods is potatoes. Woods’ gives her character May a background in digging potatoes, and that experience forms a part of May’s identity. Knowing that potatoes come from Peru adds a connection between South America and southern cooking, which is the main food culture that “Knowing” references. It additionally allows the tracing to Spain, colonialism, the West, and Ireland with how integrated potatoes are into the diets in those regions, especially the importance of potatoes in the Irish famine. In “Knowing,” Woods highlights green beans. People in China and France cook and prepare green beans in different ways such as frying and fricaseeing them, while May steams hers with fatback and cooks cornbread, a traditionally southern style. Green beans originated in Peru and are a part of Pervian cooking, along with rice and many other beans, and green beans spread through trading to other parts of the world, becoming a large part of the food culture in India, France, Mexico, and China. Peru connects beans and potatoes with southern cooking and culture, along with trade to help form an understanding of the cooking techniques, experiences, and discussions in “Knowing.” </div><div>In adding the educational article “Green Beans” on some history of green beans to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding a credible text that adds information on the main food source of the poem. Readers can understand the origins and different cooking techniques of green beans and how they’re used in different cuisines, which directly relates to the discussion on different cooking techniques and food cultures regarding green beans and how those influence identity. </div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-18 23:37:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760510123</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Costa Rica Madeline Hartlage</title>
         <author>madelinehartlage37</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760545255</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Costa Rica is relevant to us understanding the poem “Knowing” because it is a southern region connecting the Americas with links to colonialism, and the diet contains a significant focus on rice and beans. Beans are a part of the daily meals and cooking and cuisine of Costa Rica, and they can be understood as part of the culture and identity, much like they form a part of May’s identity in “Knowing.” May and other characters discuss the different cooking techniques of specifically green beans in China and France and compare the frying and cutting methods with their own snapping and steaming methods. Steaming green beans with fatback is part of May’s style, culture, and tradition, and she falls back on it in her time of stress, because it is so integrated into her identity. Children’s lunches in Costa Rica contain beans if they are cooked that day, and women prepare rice and beans for daily meals. Costa Rica provides a location heavily influenced by rice and beans that forms a connection between the southern region of the United States, which the poem highlights, and Peru and South America, the locations from where beans and rice and potatoes mainly originate.</div><div>In adding the audio clip on the Costa Rican dish Gallo Pinto, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by allowing them to visually and audibly engage with a bean dish representative of Costa Rican culture. It provides a particularly entertaining example of how beans and southern food can be a special part of a different region’s culture and identity and how that country’s techniques make it special yet connected to the South.</div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGcu4XwS0lc" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 00:22:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760545255</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Texas, USA Madeline Hartlage</title>
         <author>madelinehartlage37</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760548606</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The southern region of the United States with a focus on Texas is relevant to us understanding the poem because it really is the heart of the poem’s message. Southern cuisine focused on Tex-Mex often includes potatoes, corn, meat, rice, and beans, and the poem includes working with these food items as part of May’s background. May specifically steams her green beans with fatback and cooks cornbread in a skillet, which are common aspects of southern cooking. Each part of May’s background, experiences, and cooking styles identify with southern cooking and tell a story of how different foods like green beans and potatoes and corn came to influence southern cuisine and how each food connects different cultures together. Corn comes from Mexico, and green beans and potatoes have roots in Peru and Spain. The southern region of the United States also has a history of enslavement and tobacco farming as part of its identity, which connects to May’s tobacco labor experience. Additionally, the Great Depression, which widely affected the United States, is a part of May’s life that causes her to fall back on her roots and food that she knows in her times of struggle as a source of peace and certainty.</div><div>In adding the image of the Columbian Exchange to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a visual depiction of where different southern foods like beans and potatoes came from and to where they brought their influence. It lets the audience see how southern cuisine and diets changed as a response to new foods being introduced by the Columbian Exchange and how other locations gained connections to southern foods. The picture of food exchanges gives background on different food origins and traditions, and it ties into the discussion on different connections and relationships with food.</div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/737880116/3758cdf21668882109107b46f358cf86/Columbian_exchange_photo.PNG" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 00:27:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760548606</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Peru Madeline Hartlage</title>
         <author>madelinehartlage37</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760560674</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Peru is relevant to us understanding the poem “Knowing” because it is the origin region of two foods that Woods integrates into her poem. One of the foods is potatoes. Woods’ gives her character May a background in digging potatoes, and that experience forms a part of May’s identity. Knowing that potatoes come from Peru adds a connection between South America and southern cooking, which is the main food culture that “Knowing” references. It additionally allows the tracing to Spain, colonialism, the West, and Ireland with how integrated potatoes are into the diets in those regions, especially the importance of potatoes in the Irish famine. In “Knowing,” Woods highlights green beans. People in China and France cook and prepare green beans in different ways such as frying and fricaseeing them, while May steams hers with fatback and cooks cornbread, a traditionally southern style. Green beans originated in Peru and are a part of Peruvian cooking, along with rice and many other beans, and green beans spread through trading to other parts of the world, becoming a large part of the food culture in India, France, Mexico, and China. Peru connects beans and potatoes with southern cooking and culture, along with trade to help form an understanding of the cooking techniques, experiences, and main purpose of “Knowing,” which is that truly knowing about different food cultures and traditions and how they connect with and influence each other helps to form a unifying community, while knowing about one’s own culture and traditions forms a strong foundation for one’s identity. <br><br></div><div>In adding the educational article “Green Beans” on some history of green beans to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding a credible text that adds information on the main food source of the poem. Readers can understand the origins and different cooking techniques of green beans and how they’re used in different cuisines, which directly relates to the discussion on different cooking techniques and food cultures regarding green beans and how those influence identity. </div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/Green_Beans.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 00:43:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760560674</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Winter Springs, FL, USA</title>
         <author>araterman3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760644365</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ava Raterman <br><br>Winter Springs, FL: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Tableau” because lemons can be grown in Florida or any subtropical climate, and in the poem, they were mentioned to be “fresh-picked”.  Tretheway describes the morning light, which sensationally reminds me of “the sunshine state”. On the other hand, plums are grown in a completely different climate. The UK or any temperate climate is the ideal location for damson plums. The juxtaposition between the appearance, origin, and even flavor of the two fruits is another signifier of the underlying tension in the poem. Lemons and plums aren’t usually associated with each other; they don’t have lots of dishes in common nor are they in the same harvest. The contrast between these two fruits is related to the tension and divide between the north and south. Not only do the north and south have different climates, but they largely hold different political views. Tableau drowns out the surrounding noise and illuminates this tension so that we as readers can feel uncomfortable and acknowledge the divides that exist in our world. <br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/737988050/9f2e52790ed53e4a387ed252ce4eb8fe/WinterSpringspomelosA_r.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 02:46:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/760644365</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Liberty Street, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761088388</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7Z1TrG_mIA" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 16:29:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761088388</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761089035</link>
         <description><![CDATA[This location in Professor Finney’s hometown in South Carolina is where the poem’s main focus, the seafood stall, is located. South Carolina, to this day, face the daunting task of establishing racial equality, a sentiment vividly described by the poetess. The workers at Liberty Street seafood are young African American males who work for a white employer seeking to exploit their labor. The poetess paints a startling picture of the resentment, pain and frustration of these workers endure. We become reasonably more uncomfortable as we learn more about their backgrounds and how the vicious cycle of poverty and desperate decision making put their lives in jeopardy. Only through uncomfortable yet necessary conversations can years of racial injustice be accounted for and resolved. Seafood is a quintessential part of several cuisines worldwide; the white owners’ seeming monopoly on the trade of something so quintessential is indicative of what was once the attitude towards workers of color. Hoarding the stall’s profits and underpaying his workers tie in with the owner’s sadistic sentiments. The city of Conway is also along South Carolina’s coast which explains why seafood would have been a staple in the locals’ diet. The wide variety of fish species described by the author closely tie in with the most popular catches in the city.
In adding the source of the city’s official website (www.cityofconway.com) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them better visualize and appreciate the city’s beauty, and see how the fish stall describes in the poem fits the city’s ambiance. The city’s history describes should also provide a better understanding of the racial problems described by the author.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 16:30:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761089035</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New England, USA (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761089702</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Similar to South Carolina, the states of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island are historically heavily involved in fishing and other maritime activity.  The docks in Boston’s ports are infamous for several significant events throughout American history, the most important being the Boston Tea Party. This act of defiance grew into one of the most fundamental American values, the value of freedom. However, African Americans were initially denied freedom and victims to one of humanity’s most despicable institutions, slavery. The consequences of this long, unjust process are found the stall owner’s attitude towards his workers as traces of racial supremacy may have influenced his actions. The importance of New England, however, is in their role in extending their support towards abolishing slavery as a part of the union in the civil war. Apart from their historical contributions, their strong involvement in fishing and maritime culture also relate to the poem’s theme. Seafood is universal, coastal areas have long embraced its importance and made it a staple part of their life. The seafood industry today in the New England states is renowned worldwide. A simple example would be the Maine lobster, which is used by chef’s in premiere restaurants worldwide. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the region’s history in fishing (<a href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/new-england-mid-atlantic/commercial-fishing/brief-history-groundfishing-industry-new-england">https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/new-england-mid-atlantic/commercial-fishing/brief-history-groundfishing-industry-new-england</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetoric situation for readers by helping them how intertwined fishing and seafood is to coastal regions and the people in the regions like poetess when she was younger.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/new-england-mid-atlantic/commercial-fishing/brief-history-groundfishing-industry-new-england" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 16:31:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761089702</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kochi, Kerala, India (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761090271</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The definition of a relationship is paradoxical as two entities that do not have a distinct connection are technically in a “relationship” due to the lack of connection! The coastal city Kochi, one of the largest in India’s Southernmost state Kerala, has a tale that is starkly contrasting to the workers at Liberty Street seafood. Kochi has a rich history of fishing and locals take pride in their historical fishing prowess and innovative methods of fishing. Like most other cities on this list, seafood is a staple part of the local cuisine and India’s obsession with spices add a layer of complexity to seafood dishes. The species primarily consumed vary by season and even tides at the time of fishing. Seafood is just as prominent in the city’s economy and people’s lives like Liberty Street. However, the life of fishermen in Kochi could not be more different from that of the workers at Liberty Street seafood. The fishermen in Kochi initially had their lives completely separated from people from stronger fiscal backgrounds, however, through time their lives’ have become intertwined with fishermen often getting comparable monetary compensation. It was during the largest flood the state had faced in 100 during 2018 when their status was further elevated. Fishermen unanimously co-operated with local authorities to transport locals in danger in submerged homes. They were given national recognition during the 2019 Republic day parade in the nation’s capital.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a news article (<a href="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2018/0822/Unsung-heroes-fishermen-rescue-thousands-in-Kerala-floods">https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2018/0822/Unsung-heroes-fishermen-rescue-thousands-in-Kerala-floods</a>) that describes the crucial assistance provided by the fishermen in Kerala during a massive flood increases the multimodal rhetoric situation for readers by providing contrast from the conditions endured by the young men at Liberty Street seafood.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2018/0822/Unsung-heroes-fishermen-rescue-thousands-in-Kerala-floods" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-19 16:31:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/761090271</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>South Carolina, USA, Dalton Lott</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762399924</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>South Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem Easy because the author likely makes<br>reference to it as the central idea of his poem. We can infer this through the author’s reference to<br>traditionally southern foods and names of people such as “Loretta’s roast,” “Betty’s coconut<br>pie,” or “Aunt Elaine’s strawberry cake.” The culture-specific names and foods help to narrow<br>the geographical location to the American South, but to truly understand his intended<br>understanding of the poem, we must be able to understand the point of view from which he<br>experiences it. Looking at his past records, we can see that Madden did some schooling in the<br>state of South Carolina, as well as being a writer in residence in Columbia, South Carolina, and<br>Charleston, South Carolina. He was also named Columbia, SC’s first Poet Laureate. He is now<br>the director of women’s and gender studies at the University of South Carolina. Encompassing<br>his broad past in education, we can infer that Madden is likely writing specifically with the state<br>of South Carolina in mind due to his extensive past in the area. We can use this understanding of<br>the poem’s true location to understand the familial ties and neighborly interactions that are likely<br>being depicted as the poem refers to the different people bringing foods and company to the<br>gathering. This understanding is derived from the location we have determined, as well as the<br>common stereotype people have regarding close local ties in the rural south, and the likely<br>occurrence of this stereotype as the basis of this poem.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/fb/e6/d3/fbe6d3759bbffdc6b0c34f922a92717a.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-20 21:19:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762399924</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>London, UK, Dalton Lott</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762402314</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>London is relevant to us understanding the poem Easy because the first time Madden refers to<br>the character’s thinking leaving his rural bubble is speaking of viewing a distant royal wedding<br>on TV. Logically, Madden was referring to a British royal wedding considering their large media<br>presence, especially in American culture. Later in the poem, Madden speaks of the character<br>returning to his normal life and being in school, which implies that he is at most a teenager when<br>this story is occurring. With slightly more research we can find that Madden is 57 years old and<br>was born in 1963. Combining these two truths we can determine that the span in which the<br>wedding could have occurred in was from approximately 1973-1983. This timeline, combined<br>with a listing of all largescale broadcast British weddings confirms that Madden was addressing<br>the royal wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer on 29 July, 1981. The<br>knowledge of the timing and location of Madden’s story helps us to understand the viewpoint he<br>experiences whilst telling the story, as well as line up other events that occurred during that<br>range of time. This point in time also shows the common difference we experience between<br>modern day and Atlanta, in comparison with 1981 and South Carolina.<br>Audio:<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17vYiDOIGFM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=17vYiDOIGFM</a> </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/691495635/15a4eec49455f906f19d6514a3706e61/diana_wedding_1564065747.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-20 21:21:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762402314</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Wisconsin, USA, Dalton Lott</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762403046</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Wisconsin and Texas are relevant to understanding the poem Easy because we can use the<br>prior information found to determine the time in which the story is told. Using this, we read the<br>latter stanza of the poem regarding destruction from a tornado and flood on TV and can have a<br>general time to determine where these could have taken place, and what he was seeing on TV.<br>Looking at the US database of recorded natural disasters, we can see that in the year of 1981<br>there was the 1981 west bend tornado taking place on April 4th, followed by the 1981 tropical<br>depression eight in late august. Considering these events were closest in time to the royal<br>wedding he viewed on TV, it is logical that these were the tornado and flood he spoke of.<br>Madden used these examples of destruction to contrast the prior description of happiness and<br>regality from the royal wedding by providing a description of destruction and horror. Now that<br>we understand the specific events noted, we can see how much destruction and horror he really<br>referred to and experienced second hand. Once again by looking at the natural disaster registry,<br>we can determine that west bend tornado killed three people, injured 53, and destroyed 139<br>structures. Likewise, tropical depression eight killed five people, and did $56.2 million in<br>damages.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.toledoblade.com/image/2010/06/07/800x_b1_cCM_z/Tornadoes-have-hit-region-hard-over-recent-decades.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-20 21:22:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762403046</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jamestown, VA, USA - Nimita Deshpande</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762869858</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jamestown, Virginia, USA (my original padlet pin) is relevant to us understanding the poem “Food Stamps” because it is the region where tobacco, referred to in the poem as “bacca” and “snuff”, first began to be mass produced and exported in the United States. The history of tobacco is strongly rooted in colonial America in the 1600s, when colonizers in Jamestown, Virginia began to mass produce and export tobacco. The crop was so integral to Virginia’s economy that it fueled the colonizers’ westward expansion into the Americas in order to search for more land and sparked conflict with Native American tribes, who had in fact been using tobacco long before it became popular worldwide. The mass production of tobacco also incentivized colonizers to institutionalize slavery in the 1700s and was one of the primary reasons for the expansion of the African slave labor. This demonstrates how prioritizing the economy over human lives leads to the oppression of certain segments of society while the privileged reap the benefits. The African slave labor, which arose partially as a result of the commodification of crops such as tobacco, also laid the groundwork for the racial and income inequality in current society which persists as a major issue experienced by the poet throughout the poem. For instance, the poet, who is a black woman living in a low-income area (colloquially referred to as “Need Mo’ Street” in the poem), feels as if she is being “crushed underfoot” because she finds herself constantly and unfairly judged by the more privileged members of society, who believe they have the right to question her about her income/financial status. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/tobacco_in_colonial_virginia">https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/tobacco_in_colonial_virginia</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including the following: brightly-colored subheadings and detailed written information about the evolution of tobacco as a commodity in America in the form of paragraphs and a timeline; interactive visual imagery in the form of pictures of individuals and objects significant to tobacco’s history as well as a map; and interactive electronic elements such as links to other pages on the website. <br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 03:28:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762869858</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Mississippi, USA - Nimita Deshpande</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762876386</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Mississippi, USA </strong>is relevant to us understanding the poem “Food Stamps” because it is a low-income state in which a significant portion of the population is burdened with the issue of food insecurity - similar to the area that the author of “Food Stamps” lives in. Specifically, it not only has the highest poverty rate of any US state but is also the “hungriest state” in the US, with 20% of its population being food insecure. It is also significant that Mississippi has a large black population, with nearly 37.67% of the population identifying as black. This points to the existence of racial disparities in not only income but also access to sufficient nutritious food. A similar situation exists within the poem. The poet, a black woman, lives in an unspecified low-income area and is forced to be reliant on food stamps merely to meet the bare nutritional requirements in her life. The relationship between the race demographics of a state and its food poverty, which is the underlying situation of the poem “Food Stamps”, is demonstrated in states such as Mississippi. In other words, the existence of places like Mississippi is an indication that the connection between race and economic privilege as well as systemic racism are not fictional, but real issues which continue to plague American society today.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/median-income-by-state-5070640">https://www.investopedia.com/median-income-by-state-5070640</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including the following: detailed written information about statistics relating to median income by state and the various factors affecting median income; imagery through a map visualizing the median incomes of all US states; and interactive electronic elements such as links to social media pages, other pages on the website, and external related articles.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.investopedia.com/median-income-by-state-5070640" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 03:32:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762876386</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fulton, GA, USA - Nimita Deshpande</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762879480</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Fulton, Georgia, USA </strong>is relevant to us understanding the poem “Food Stamps” because it is where one of the centers for WIC (Women, Infants and Children Nutrition Program), the program for which the poet is attempting to apply for, is headquartered in the state of Georgia. The WIC has certain requirements in order for adult women to be eligible: only pregnant/breastfeeding/non-breastfeeding postpartum women who are residents of the state to which they are applying for assistance, have a gross income at or below 185% of the U.S. Poverty Income Guidelines, and have a nutritional risk assessment by a qualified health professional are eligible. These cold, inflexible requirements are aggravating to the poet to say the least. This is demonstrated when she questions the woman who asks her about her income: “poetry don’t ask for a thinking woman’s income | so why the hell do you?” (Ammons 19) These lines demonstrate the poet’s irritation and exhaustion at having to be questioned and scrutinized yet again merely in order to gain access to basic, universal necessities such as nutritionally adequate food. As a less privileged member of society, she knows she has already faced more than enough societal hardships and is tired of having to overcome yet another barrier in the way of the bare minimum for a comfortable life. She is also tired of having to explain her individual circumstances to those who do not know her and simply do not understand. Therefore, the conclusion of the poem represents her rebellion against the divide between the objective requirements of WIC and her subjective experiences. It also demonstrates how the WIC holds a position of power and authority over the poet, which she resents as she longs for her own freedom and individual identity. </div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://dph.georgia.gov/WIC">https://dph.georgia.gov/WIC</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including the following: detailed written information about frequently asked questions, qualifications for WIC, and WIC provisions; vivid visual imagery of a mother and her child who benefit from WIC and COVID-19 guidelines; and interactive electronic elements such as hyperlinks. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://dph.georgia.gov/WIC" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 03:34:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/762879480</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/763581283</link>
         <description><![CDATA[3)	The Southern Appalachians is relevant to understanding “Canned Memories” as it is the general setting that describes where the poem takes place. During the 19th to 20th century the south was mostly powered by a rural economy that relied on African American laborers in order to maintain the farmlands. In the memories of the grandmas, the reason why they weight the particular set of crops including potatoes, beans, kale, turnips, sweet corn onions, and cabbage is due to the climate of the southern parts of the Appalachians. The “Indian Summer” is also explained by the geographic location of the southern application near Kentucky and Tennessee. The setting makes it possible to tackle the problems of cross generational tensions between the black and white community due to slavery, and is able to depict the problem of inequality where the black settlers is lacks the freedom of choice to chose what job or what food to eat and is forced to work under a hot sunny day during the Indian summer while the white landowners can stay comfortably inside to recall the past memories that they cherished. ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 10:11:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/763581283</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Kentucky, USA, Felix Zhou</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765820837</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Kentucky is relevant to us understanding the poem "Food Stamps" because the WIC program was first established in Kentucky. The statement about WIC lines gives a lot of detail about the status of the speaker in the poem.  The WIC program supplies families, specifically for low-income women who bear children,  with food vouchers that can be redeemed at various stores in exchange for a limited category of foods. The goals of the WIC program is to promote a healthier diet, reduce infant deaths, and increase immunization rates. In line 14, the author uses the word “bag” to follow the theme of low-income. The author could have used numerous other words like, closet or luggage, however, these indicate luxury or a higher economic status. This bag could also refer to the plastic grocery bags given when an item is purchased at a grocery store. These bags are made out of the cheapest material and sometimes are seen as trash, both pointing to low-income. However, the speaker does not want to overlap poetry and wealth, as she finds poetry as her happiness - “Welfare is poetry.” Alongside her keeping this as secret, she would not be discriminated against as a poet - “I will dance in my bag of secrets.” In adding the source of the WIC Program Overview to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by going further in-depth about the history, importance, and effects of the WIC program throughout the US.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nwica.org/overview-and-history" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 19:39:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765820837</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>North Carolina, USA, Felix Zhou</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765824697</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> North Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem "Food Stamps" because the export of tobacco is a major part of North Carolina’s   economy and is one of the largest producers of tobacco. In the poem, the author mentions two forms of tobacco, dip and chewing. The discovery of tobacco comes from Columbus stumbling across Native American’s chewing green leaves (Tobacco) mixed with crushed shells of mussels. In 1663, tobacco was introduced to North Carolina and soon an abundance of tobacco fields were plotted due to the suitable soil and climate. As centuries passed, the integration of tobacco business became an integral part of North Carolina’s culture. It was not until the 1960s that forms of tobacco, like chewing and dip, were popularized and wide spread. However, tobacco was not only used as a source of relief, but also used as a source of painkillers. The author also mentions the idea of “Caramel spit” which represents the excess usage of tobacco that your spit becomes caramel coloured. At the time of the popularization of tobacco, there weren't any established negative effects of tobacco on the health, however, in the 1950s Professor Sir Richard Doll linked cancer with smoking but it took many years for him to convince the public and other researchers. It was not until 1986 tobacco was established as a group one carcinogen. Prior to this establishment, tobacco was used by everyone and was portrayed as the new “cool trend.” In adding the source of  “North Carolina and Tobacco” to this pin increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding a scholarly source about the history of tobacco and how it shaped North Carolina. This source provides important information about the development of North Carolina and tobacco through a visual (film) form as well as a written form. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__12lwTLir8&amp;ab_channel=SebastianTaranto" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 19:40:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765824697</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New Mexico, USA, Felix Zhou</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765829491</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/a-closer-look-at-who-benefits-from-snap-state-by-state-fact-sheets#New_Mexico" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 19:42:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765829491</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New Mexico, USA, Felix Zhou</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765832180</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 19:43:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765832180</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>New Mexico, USA - Felix Zhou</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765833644</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>New Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Food Stamps" because it is the state with the highest rate of food stamp recipients. Over twenty two percent of the population are on food stamps, which is about four hundred fifty thousand people. In the fifth line of the poem the author mentions “Need Mo’ Street” I believe New Mexico encapsulates this phrase as the state is in dire need of economic growth, as almost a quarter of their population are on food stamps. The main requirement to qualify for food stamps is that a household must earn less than one hundred thirty percent of the poverty level, meaning a family of four would need to make less than thirty two thousand annually. In return, the family is given food stamps for about two hundred fifty dollars a month. Alongside with the high food stamp participation, New Mexico struggles with one of the highest unemployment rates, sitting at twelve percent (the national average is around eight percent.) This means that over one in five people struggle to feed their families. Similarly to jumping economic statuses, it would be extremely hard for New Mexico to induce economic growth on its own. As New Mexico is in a state of “Need Mo’”, it is simultaneously being crushed by the underfoot of other states as they capitalize on their resources. In adding the source SNAP: State by State Fact Sheet to this pin increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing graphs and statistics about food stamps for every state in the US. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/a-closer-look-at-who-benefits-from-snap-state-by-state-fact-sheets#New_Mexico" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 19:43:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765833644</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Boone Hall Plantation &amp; Gardens, Long Point Rd, Mount Pleasant, SC, USA</title>
         <author>araterman3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765922619</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ava Raterman<br>Boone, Hall Plantation, South Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem “Tableau” by Natasha Tretheway because it is exemplary of perfect on the outside but blemished on the inside. Boone Hall Plantation is where Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds got married. What seemed like a perfect, beautiful wedding venue was in reality one a slave plantation. The couple faced backlash years later after supporting the film “Black Panther”. Critics accused them of hypocrisy, so they conceded to knowing how their wedding indirectly preserved racist tradition. In relation to Tableau, the scene of the poem is untarnished and “picture perfect” until the author reveals minuscule blemishes in the portrait. The teacup is chipped, the plum gets peeled and bruised, and the hairline crack shows itself in the bowl. Similarly, the kitchen setting depicts the essence of southern hospitality, something that is lovely and inviting on the outside but has faults at its core. Today, tours and weddings are still held at plantations because they provide that southern hospitality feel, but people are beginning to understand that preserving that image no longer holds a purpose.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/737988050/051fa0b9d2afe4bd1e610e165d207b06/Boone_Hall_plantation_wedding_26.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 20:14:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765922619</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Little Rock, AR, USA</title>
         <author>araterman3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765925873</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ava Raterman <br>Little Rock, Arkansas is relevant to us understanding the poem “Tableau” because in 1957 the Little Rock Nine made a “crack” in segregation at Central High, an all-white high school. In the poem Tableau, Tretheway illustrates this seemingly perfect still life of a man and woman eating breakfast, but as she nuances of the still life, the cracks in the teacup and bowl are exposed. When considering the history of the South,  political systems often appeared to work until the injustices were exposed only to leave more cracks in the system. For example, despite the fact that Brown v. Board of Education made segregation in schools unconstitutional, the Little Rock Nine (a group of African American students) still faced segregation when they attended school. The Little Rock Nine exposed the fact that the law of desegregation was not being enforced which falsified the idea that America had moved past the era of racism. Additionally, Tretheway signals a divide and contrast between the dark plums that sit in the bowl and the bright yellow lemons on the windowsill. The divide between the two fruits exists in their physical location in the poem and their contrast in color - purple and yellow being complementary colors (opposites). The two very different looking fruits are nonetheless both fruits, a simple concept that strongly relates to the segregation of blacks in the South.  </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/little-rock-nine" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-21 20:15:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/765925873</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Vermont, USA</title>
         <author>claricethill</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/774276688</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Northeastern America: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Family Style_" because the poet describes Jo drinking syrup. In most of the world and the United States syrup is only used as a condiment. In Northeastern Vermont however an entire industry and art has emerged around syrup. The practice of creating syrup was passed on from the indigenous populations to the European colonists. In much of the northeastern United States and Eastern Canada, the sugaring in the Spring is an important aspect of culture and a social event to celebrate spring. This has led to the development of a full flavor profile for the various syrups ranging from maple to floral, in texture from smooth to mineral, and with various flavor hints. The poem is assumed to be referring to the poet’s home state of Kentucky, however the inclusion of Jo’s habit implies that Jo may be from the northeastern United States. This adds a layer of complexity to some of the food and cultures that the poet describes through her grandparents’ habits. Jo is later referred to as eating “a pan of icing” so it may be possible that Jo simply enjoys the taste of highly sweet foods that most individuals find little enjoyment in eating by themselves. Regardless of the cause, this detail adds an element of individuality to Jo as someone with tastes beyond “quintessential” southern food. In adding the source of “Sweetness and Taste” by Amy Trubek to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the readers a flavor chart to guide their syrup tasting. In Barry’s “The pleasures of eating” this dedication to the exact science of factors that influence the taste are said to increase enjoyment. The existence of such a precise and broad flavor chart supports this idea as a community with exact knowledge of the growing conditions is able to more precisely enjoy the flavors of the syrup.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350009615&amp;tocid=b-9781350009615-chapter3&amp;st=syrup" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-24 01:32:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/774276688</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>African Coast-Clarice Hill</title>
         <author>claricethill</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/774285252</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Africa is relevant to us understanding the poem "Family Style" because  many of the foods that are recognized as southern have their roots in African culture. This culture was transferred during the Transatlantic Slave Trade. This highly controversial event has been instrumental in shaping the South we see today though the effects of the slave trade are still quite apparent in the food inequalities of the South. In the poem, the people are never described to be lacking in food. This highlights a contrast between the white experience in the south and the black experience where racism, perpetuated at every level, impacts even aspects such as food. In this way, we can characterize the poet’s experiences as privileged since even though people can live in the same places, the experiences can be different based upon their race. This also brings the topic of race into our characterization of the individuals in this poem. The poet’s grandparents are most likely of European ancestry however they have unconsciously melded African culture into their own despite Southern culture actively perpetuating racism against people of African descent. In adding the podcast “Slavery and Soul Food” to this pin, this podcast raises the question about the mammy stereotype that is perpetuated in Southern culture and is deeply tied with food. This active connection between the two cultures is quite ironically ignored in most communities and due to the large physical distance between the American South and Africa this connection remains largely historical rather than actively identified by either culture. Additionally, when considered with Barry’s “The Pleasures of Eating”, we can consider if the poem’s subjects feel more enjoyment with the food since they prepare it themselves. In the South’s history though, this concept was perverted as slave holders took pride and pleasure in the cooking of their slaves, as they considered the slaves theirs thus having no internal motivation.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://digpodcast.org/2020/07/26/soul-food/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-24 01:36:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/774285252</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Broadway, New York, NY, United States - Weilong Shen</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/778764289</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Broadway, New York is relevant to us understanding the poem “Acceptance Speech” because it is where the Tony award, which signals a performer’s excellence in the Broadway theater, is issued. An acceptance speech is typically given by the person who receives this award, and the poem “Acceptance Speech” by Lynn Powell is a well-designed parody of such kind of speeches. Knowing the content of Tony Awards’ acceptance speeches and comparing them to the “acceptance speech” in the poem could help readers comprehend the sense of achievement that the woman in the poem feels after making an excellent, as she believes, pot of marrow bone soup for her family. While those who receive a Tony Award give acceptance speeches that typically includes “thanking everybody for making everything so possible” such as the director, producer, or cooperating companies of the production that helped the performer earn the prize, the woman in the poem imagines that she is on the stage of a kitchen sink and gives an acceptance speech thanking her mother for providing knowledge about okra, her family that makes her cooking the soup “a starring role”, the various kinds of food in her soup that adds up to a delicious mix, and even the salt and knives that are not easily seen but play important roles in her cooking.</div><div>In adding a video clip that recorded the acceptance speech of the 2019 Special Tony Award-winner Sonny Tilders to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them feel the pride of the Tony Awards receivers in their acceptance speeches and understand the empowerment that the woman in the poem feels after making the marrow bone soup for her family.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5qO01o2C2Q" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 10:42:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/778764289</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Ethiopia - Weilong Shen</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/778765620</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ethiopia is relevant to us understanding the poem “Acceptance Speech” because it is where the plant of okra, as mentioned on the first line of the second stanza of the poem, originated. According to Wikipedia, the okra plant was introduced to the Americas by ships plying the Atlantic slave trade by 1658, and may have been introduced to southeastern North America from Africa in the early 18<sup>th</sup> century. By 1748, it was being grown as far north as Philadelphia. Thomas Jefferson noted it was well established in Virginia by 1781. It was commonplace throughout the Southern United States by 1800, and the first mention of different cultivars was in 1806. From then on, okra has become a common food source in Southern United States, especially for the former African American people who were enslaved and not treated decently by their owners with low-quality food that lacked nutrition. As a result, they planted okra in their personal gardens as comfort foods Okra has thus blended in the Southern United States food culture, and as the woman in the poem utilizes what her mother has taught her about making okra dishes, she feels proud of herself as she commemorates her own food history and culture as a person in Southern United States.</div><div>In adding a website that contains multiple images of a family planting okra in Southern United States, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by illustrating that okra has become an essential part of the Southern United States food culture.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.expeditionoklahoma.com/2012/04/planting-okra-.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 10:44:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/778765620</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rome, Italy - Weilong Shen</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/778768556</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The historical Roman Empire is relevant to us understanding the poem “Acceptance Speech” because it is where the plant of parsnip, as mentioned in the sixth stanza, was first vastly cultivated. According to Wikipedia, the parsnip spread throughout Europe and was much esteemed there, and it was introduced to North America simultaneously by the French colonists in Canada and the British in the Thirteen Colonies for use as a root vegetable. In Europe, parsnip was widely used as a source of sugar before the extensive use of sugar cane because of its sweet taste. Later in some parts of the English-speaking world, Roast parsnip is considered an essential part of Christmas dinner and frequently features in the traditional Sunday roast. When parsnips are used in stews, soups, and casseroles, they give a rich flavor. In some cases, parsnips are boiled and the solid portions are removed from the soup or stew, leaving behind a more subtle flavor than the whole root, and starch to thicken the dish. By understanding the traditional culinary uses of parsnips in Europe, we could thus better comprehend the sixth stanza of the poem since the parsnips are either nearly invisible in, or even removed from, the soup, it plays an important role in enriching the marrow bone soup’s flavor.</div><div>In adding a website that contains 17 parsnip recipes to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by illustrating how flavor-enriching parsnip can be through discussing how it contributes to different dishes, thus helping the readers understand the significance of this easily-ignored ingredient in the soup described in the poem.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.marthastewart.com/275724/parsnip-recipes" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 10:46:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/778768556</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rome, Italy</title>
         <author>kasahina3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780322737</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Rome is relevant to our understanding the poem “Why It’s Delicious” because Roman Empire is said to be the origin of food preserving traditions. More specifically, the first recorded recipe of jam can be found in Marcus Apicius’ recipe book, <em>De re coquinaria</em>. For us of recent, jams may appear simply as fruits in a jar. Despite its rather ubiquitous presence, jams hold deep history for humanity and is a custom that was produced out of the need to preserve food. During the winter or in seasons where crops falter, the Romans ripened their fruits and vegetables and stored them in jars, allowing their summer ailment to last them through the year. In a time and place where food is of abundance for many people, it is easy to forget that the majority of customs today that keep our population fed were once solutions to various struggles and problems that ancestors experienced in the beginning of civilization. Making of jams is an example of such, molded straight from human necessity and knowledge. Knowing this context allows much deeper understanding and appreciation of the poem “Why It’s Delicious”, especially the stanza of Jeanne and her mother picking, ripening and storing strawberries as jam. In adding an article explaining the significance of De re Coquinaria in the modern world, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by introducing a written mode of communication that logically and objectively deepens the connection between current food and traditional culture. Examining this artifact alongside the poem will expose readers to a unique perspective that invites readers into a time period outside the present.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350042193.ch-001" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 18:10:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780322737</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pennsylvania, USA - Koki Asahina</title>
         <author>kasahina3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780340355</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Pennsylvania mountains are relevant to our understanding the poem “Why It’s Delicious” because the poem is a snapshot of Amish lifestyle. With an international audience, Albo’s use of such a setting is well founded because Pennsylvania is a location with deep connotations and connections to Amish people. Amish people are known for their conservative lifestyles, rejecting modern civilization and living with respect to their settler heritage and roots. This mentality extends to their food as well: they rely very little on manufactured products, instead farming and producing their nutrition manually. The poem uses imagery to depict and spread such traditional food production cultures in Amish society, inviting readers into their countryside America. Albo’s use of an Amish setting instead of, for instance contemporary New York, helps the audience return back to the history of the nation, but do so with relevance to the present. In adding the source of a video of Amish Lifestyle to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by presenting the scenes and distinctive sounds described in the poem. By fulfilling visual and auditory senses the video will introduce a tangible dimension to the poem and transport the audience into Amish territory. It will also serve an appeal pathos, triggering the nostalgia of American readers whilst simultaneously introducing unique lifestyle and food to the international audience.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x00Tl7FxEf8&amp;ab_channel=LindseyHayes" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 18:15:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780340355</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Meadowlark Dairy, Neal Street, Pleasanton, CA, USA - Vikranth Keerthipati</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780604015</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Meadowlark Dairy is relevant to us understanding the poem “Boy” because the feeling of “little bits of ice tap[ing] your teeth” comes especially true at the local dairy. Whenever I get ice cream anywhere, it is incomparable to the ice cream at the local dairy, serving ice cream with a story and served with warmth by the staff. A lot of food outside the house is slowly becoming commercialized, with rise of fast food chains such as McDonald’s and even regular food chains, such as Olive Garden. These corporations remove the context and story with which the food is meant to be served it, and instead is watered down to represent the general cuisine. This happens with chains like Panda Express and Chipotle and removes the authenticity of the respective cuisines of the chains. I’ve been fortunate to have had dinner in households with different cultures, and every time I have that food, I’m amazed by how misrepresented the culture’s food is represented with restaurants. It’s not only the dishes that are on the menu but it’s also the lack of authenticity of taste and serving. This isn’t just the case with chains, with even small restaurants doing this. I went to this restaurant called NaanStop in Atlantic Station, and although the food was good, the way it was served was very surprising. They had two naans, which is basically Indian bread that is usually dipped and consumed, was served as a sandwich! I understood that it was an attempt to expose people to the Indian cuisine but that isn’t the right method, for <strong>it should be exposed in an authentic manner.</strong> That’s the only way people understand the true authenticity of the culture and the food associated with it. In adding the source of <em>Food, Families and Work </em>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing insight into the average immigrant’s lifestyle in America, and the emphasis put by a mother on staying true to culture, and her belief that her culture’s food beats anything that’s commercialized, even though commercialized food may be consumed due to convenience or pressure.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350001817&amp;tocid=b-9781350001817-chapter7" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 19:42:14 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780604015</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>United States - Vikranth Keerthipati</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780612329</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The United States is relevant to us understanding the poem “Boy” because ice cream has become an essential part of our food habits, being a common dessert item and dozens of brands selling it in convenience stores. Ice cream diffused to the US and began growing as this concept of supply chain manufacturing came to rise most popular by Henry Ford’s Model T production line. Along with this, refrigeration became more widespread in use by wholesale companies in the early 1900s and later on by consumers after World War II. With this emphasis on optimizing manufacturing in the US in the 20<sup>th</sup> century, ice cream containers evolved from being sold in wholesale 2.5-gallon containers to being sold in the small containers today. Ice cream really grew during World War II, when the US Army was the biggest producer of ice cream for it was served as dessert for soldiers. After World War II, ice cream was very commercialized and became a part of our refrigerators, and now is often associated with breakups and tough moments in life, where you lay in front of the couch and Netflix and eat a tub of ice cream. US entertainment and culinary habits have also been globalized and other countries are beginning to incorporate their own cultures into a dish that we have commercialized. In adding the source of the ice cream container from the Museum of Culinary Arts, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the image of what an ice cream container looked like in ca.1930-1940, and the shift from serving in big tubs to the now small, very colorful containers.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/museumobject?docid=iid-bfol-1463" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 19:45:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780612329</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Japan - Vikranth Keerthipati</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780648188</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Japan is relevant to us understanding the poem “Boy” because of how unassociated it usually is with the concept of ice cream. We often think of ice cream as something of only a Western thing and that it doesn’t play a role in another country’s cuisine. I think the recent trend of culinary fusion has somewhat changed that opinion, but it definitely does exist, and I think the only forms of food fusion in terms of ice cream often happens with chain brands. We don’t get to see the traditional fusion that occurs, and instead executives on top floors deciding what will be the best marketable product rather than what showcases the culture best. This causes stereotyping of cuisines, and ice cream does play a role in that, as I’ve had ice cream in various countries and it is different in each country, whereas a chain often disregards the indigenous taste of a place. With Japan, a lot of their food has been used in the fusion of other cultures and they are open to Western culture, and this can be seen with the popularity of anime, and the rise of the “amazing” bidet. Japan has always been open to other cultures, and often we don’t associate Japan with ice cream, when they started talking about it since the 20<sup>th</sup> century. In adding the podcast <em>Japan Eats! </em>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a verbal experience on the journey Japanese mochi<em>, </em>and how it made its way to the United States.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/episode-161-the-charm-of-mochi-ice-cream-amazake/id994563121?i=1000442715348" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 20:00:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780648188</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Oaxaca, Mexico - Rohit Tuteja</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780810828</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Why It's Delicious - Elisa Albo<br><br></div><ol><li>The Oaxaca Highlands of Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Why It’s Delicious" because it is where pumpkins as we know them originated, leading to the popularity of their seeds, or pepitas, being popularized in the region, with pepitas being directly mentioned in the poem as “white oval seeds” (Albo 2). While these pumpkins weren’t the bright orange crops we know today, they were still pumpkins, and their seeds were used for dishes while their skins were used for storage during cold weather, making them extremely useful in the area during winters. As time went on, families continued to use pumpkins for these purposes, passing down dishes that used their seeds, sharing their recipes with their children and others. This led to pumpkins and their seeds being widely popular in the region, becoming a part of the cultural cuisine that people still share with others, embodying the poem’s message of how food is delicious because it is shared; pumpkins and their seeds have stayed a staple in the cuisine of the region since people continue to share the food they make with it, both with their families through generations and with others. The poem is also about how food is delicious when you work together with others for it, even highlighting how pumpkins essentially make it necessary for people to work together for their food, as they get “large and heavy” and require more than one person to handle (Albo 9). This stayed true historically as well, and helped foster stronger unity between people as they had to work together to make sure they could eat, only for pumpkins to stay a staple for the diets of families, with families working together as we see in the poem to harvest and make dishes out of pumpkins. Everything here regarding pumpkins and how they embody the core ideas of the poem can be traced back to them being cultivated in the Oaxaca Highlands of Mexico, making it a location worth looking at when trying to understand how sharing and hard work can make food delicious. </li></ol><div>In adding the source of PBS’s “History of Pumpkins and Recipe Round-Up” (<a href="https://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-pumpkins-recipes/">https://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-pumpkins-recipes/</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by further exploring the history of pumpkins and their origins, and also by showcasing some recipes that highlight how the crop became a cultural staple<br><br>The attached image of pepitas (pumpkin seeds) adds to the rhetorical understanding by providing a visual for one of the foods discussed both in the poem and in this location. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/679175250/4c1d9da8a4bc8547f6220864275ff72c/pepitas.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 21:31:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780810828</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Rome, Italy - Rohit Tuteja</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780815851</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Why It's Delicious - Elisa Albo<br><br></div><ol><li>Rome is relevant to us understanding the poem "Why It’s Delicious" because of how Rome is a story of preservation, in the imperial and culinary sense. Rome was capital to one of history’s greatest empires, one which focused heavily on preserving its unity and power, in hopes of spreading ‘civilization’ and Roman influence across the globe. This was reflected in its food to some extent, with some of the first jam recipes that we know of being found in a Roman cookbook from the 1st century AD, called ‘De Re Coquinaria’. Jams were - at the time - a new way to preserve fruits long term, and this simple method evolved over time into what we know today. While the Roman empire fell and could not preserve itself as a whole, small parts of itself, such as jams, were preserved and lived on. This context allows us to draw a line from that time in the past to what we see in the poem, with a family picking “fat strawberries” in modern times to “carr[y] home” and preserve for later as a jam, and highlights the idea that food will always be a constant in the human experience, no matter how the world changes (Albo 24, 25-26). Food is not delicious because we make it so or because it is of a certain time or place, but because we as humans need it, and do what we can with it to make it delicious, to the point where we figured out how to preserve foods we like for later. Empires like Rome will rise and fall, but jams will continue to preserve food as long as humans are around to eat it, and we wouldn’t have jams without Rome.</li></ol><div>In adding the source of Violet Hudson’s “Jam: a beautifully preserved history”(<a href="https://life.spectator.co.uk/articles/jam-beautifully-preserved-history/">https://life.spectator.co.uk/articles/jam-beautifully-preserved-history/</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by further showcasing the history of jam, showing how it survived the Roman empire and many other regimes around the world, again being an example of foods remaining a part of the human experience despite change.<br><br>The addition of the youtube video “How Sweets/Candy, Candied Fruit and Jam were Created [Medieval Professions: Confectioner]” by <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChs50k7PNsDeF0Lop4suM6w">Kobean History</a> (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTGZ68K9ZfQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTGZ68K9ZfQ</a>) also adds to this pin by providing more history on jams and other sweets after Rome, talking about how new discoveries and innovations altered and augmented what the Romans had done into what we think of today when we hear about sweets and jams. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTGZ68K9ZfQ" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 21:35:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780815851</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Lake Titicaca - Rohit Tuteja</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780817278</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Why It's Delicious - Elisa Albo<br><br></div><ol><li>Lake Titicaca, on the border of Peru and Bolivia in the Andes mountains, is relevant to us understanding the poem "Why It’s Delicious" because of it being the origin of domesticated potatoes, a food which the poem mentions and a food that embodies the poem’s idea of sharing food with people on a global scale. It is believed that the potato was domesticated in the Lake Titicaca region, with it being home to the most diverse amount of wild potato species. From here, the potato was found to be highly adaptable and spread throughout South America’s native cultures, and eventually was taken back to Europe by the Spanish in the 1500’s. This alone already showcases how the potato embodies the idea of sharing food for everyone’s benefit, as the versatility of the potato allowed it to be incorporated into a variety of cultural cuisines, each with their own twists which in turn influenced other culture’s usage of the potato. Once in Europe, this trend continued as the potato was shared with and spread across the continent, with even more different takes on potato based dishes. Eventually these European dishes were spread back to the Americas, more so through colonial American diets, and we ended up with dishes such as mashed potatoes becoming a staple in American culture, as seen in the poem where they talk about a family enjoying mashed potatoes together. To bring it all back to the poem again, the potato is the perfect example to answer the question posed in the poem’s title: the potato is delicious because it has been shared between so many people and cultures, not because it itself is delicious. It has been made delicious due to how people have decided to use it, and how those dishes are shared with others only to be adapted more until something new is created, created many delicious dishes that people enjoy all over the world. The poem focuses on food being delicious because it is shared, and does so on a smaller scale between families, while the potato is the embodiment of the same idea, simply on a global scale, being shared between all cultures and people. This all can then be traced back to the origin of the potato itself, around Lake Titicaca, making this location extremely important to global cuisine, without which we wouldn’t have the mashed potatoes mentioned in the poem, and we wouldn’t have had the opportunity for humanity as a whole to share a versatile food and create dishes that are truly delicious.</li><li>In adding the source of  “Potatoes (White)” by Ellen Messer (<a href="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208710&amp;tocid=b-9781474208710-icm00000c019&amp;st=mashed+potatoes">https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208710&amp;tocid=b-9781474208710-icm00000c019&amp;st=mashed+potatoes</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by going more in depth as to the history and spread of the potato, describing more about how it appears in different cuisines, highlighting how it was shared globally and further emphasizing its importance on a larger scale, which in turn can be applied to the scenario described in the poem. Some examples of its global spread and diversity include its importance in Europe and its relation with a variety of situations through different time periods and countries on the continent.</li></ol><div> </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208710&amp;tocid=b-9781474208710-icm00000c019&amp;st=mashed+potatoes" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-25 21:36:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/780817278</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Big Sur, CA, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781080115</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Brendan Oshida<br><br>Big Sur, CA is relevant to us understanding the poem <em>After Grandma Novi’s Recipe for Blackberry Cake is Lost at the Press and There’s No Place Left to Look</em> because of the strong natural connection present in the poem. In the poem, the speaker writes about her grandmother as if she sees her in the night sky, writing that the stains on her hands from the blackberries were like the night skies in the east and the rising cake much like the sun rising in the west. It reminds me a lot of transcendentalism, where there was the emphasis on returning to nature and living in harmony with it. Here, Grandma Novi is shown as this figure in the evening sky, a constellation almost. Big Sur is such a picturesque landscape and it is hard not to feel at peace there. In adding the source of <em>The Poetry of Big Sur</em> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving us various author’s takes on the scenery. They all share a theme of the natural beauty, but it’s so interesting to see how they take their life experiences and connect them to Big Sur, whether it goes along the lines of healing or just spiritual in nature too.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://medium.com/@richveum/the-poetry-of-big-sur-995d2e35e028" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 03:08:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781080115</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Greece</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781080688</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Brendan Oshida<br><br>Greece is relevant to us understanding the poem <em>After Grandma Novi’s Recipe for Blackberry Cake is Lost at the Press and There’s No Place Left to Look </em>because of the historical connection to the cultivation of blackberries, particularly in Ancient Greece, where the blackberries were believed to heal stomach issues. The speaker uses this “healing” in the poem, but more in the sense of nourishment gained from eating the cake prepared by Grandma Novi. We, as the audience, leave the poem feeling at peace, healed in a way by the tranquil nature of the poem. In adding the source of the Chef’s Table episode about Christina Tosi, we get this same sense of healing through food. Although Tosi does this through a different means of comfort food, the message of finding healing and nourishment is still there. The short clips provided in the season trailer simply epitomize Tosi’s philosophy; when she talks about the cookie “not being the thing that will round up your diet” but that “they are meant to be indulgent”. I think this episode especially helps with our understanding of the poem because of the generational aspect to it as well; the speaker appears to have gained this visual knowledge from Grandma Novi and Tosi also recalls her experience of learning while in the kitchen with her grandparents. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o9J7BBLpncI" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 03:09:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781080688</guid>
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         <title>Alaska, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781081032</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Brendan Oshida<br><br>Alaska is relevant to us understanding the poem <em>After Grandma Novi’s Recipe for Blackberry Cake is Lost at the Press and There’s No Place Left to Look </em>because of the spiritual nature of the poem. Alaska has some of the best views for the Northern Lights, something that is written about as being a very spiritual experience. The lights look like something from out of this world, as if a higher power is trying to communicate with us, or maybe someone or something from our past. In a very similar sentiment to this, the speaker of the poem writes about her grandmother as if she were something like the Northern Lights, speaking through memories and the night sky. In adding the source of the song <em>Alaska</em> by Maggie Rogers, we see a firsthand experience of the spirit in Alaska. Rogers writes, “I was walking through icy streams that took my breath away. Moving slowly, through westward waters, over glacial plains. And I walked off you. And I walked off an old me”. The song deals with the more natural aspects of Alaska and I think it compliments the poem really well because of this. I love how Rogers writes of walking off a past life, letting nature take any problems away and heal.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNWsW6c6t8g" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 03:10:24 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781081032</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>(FINAL) Italy- Eric Xu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781426575</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Italy is relevant to us understanding the poem "Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade” written by Greg Brownderville because I chose Italy because it is where the food (garlic bread and Lonza) is prepared/origin and is reason behind the conflict between the protagonist and his teacher. <br><br></div><div>A little background about Lonza (Lonza stagionata in Italian)---<br><br></div><div>It is smoked and salted(which is very common in many Mediterranean dishes). Lonza is like a ham in a way that it has the same salty flavor, but the slices are cut more thinly. Lonza is from Italy, where people take pork and process it and turns into a “lunch meat” like dish. It is consumed in the “Antipasti” part of the meal, which is second starter course, and is served with small bread and cheese.  It is quite hard to obtain in America because only international stores or Italian delis serve this type of smoked meat. <br><br></div><div>Conflict over Lonza- <br><br></div><div>I also chose Italy because Italy is also the main reason of the conflict in the poem. In the poem, the Bonderville writes, “Same day, Miss Snodgras stake Splendi’s sack lunch, homemade garlic bread and lonza, set it outside the window.” The reason why the teacher placed Splendi’s lunch on the window is that she cannot stand Italian food (mainly the smell) because it is possible that she dislikes Italian immigrants or their culture. This causes many of the children to laugh at the other Italian children in the class and calls them derogatory names (making fun of their Italian heritage). The hatred Italian food serves as the focal point between the argument between Carlo and his teacher over the food and the aroma. The teacher’s xenophobic actions enrages Carlo, which ultimately results in Carlo breaking the glass window. It is important to note that people hate other people just because the meals they eat (strange?), and it is important for us to understand the racism and discrimination present. We must strive to be like Carlo and strongly resist all forms of discrimination no matter how large or small. <br><br></div><div>In short, Italy is important in this poem because it is the origin of the food stated in the poem, and it also provides the conflict between the protagonist and the teacher over Italian food. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of the Italian meat store to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing more information about Lonza. This source furthers the understanding of the conflict of the poem, which is between Americans and Italian immigrants, and allows the reader to sympathize with Carlo’s decision. In addition, it provides you with nice pictures, nutrients, and some addition info about Lonza. You can even buy some if you are hungry. <br><br></div><div> <br><br></div><div> <br><br></div><div> <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.agritenca.it/en/shop/lonza-stagionata-cured-lonza/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 14:44:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781426575</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>(30.38961401693459, -90.6138585882866)</title>
         <author>tyfrazier11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781544138</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I read the poem Like Father by Jericho Brown.</div><div>Shreveport, Louisiana is relevant to us understanding the Like Father poem because this is the city the author, Jericho Brown, is from. By understanding the city and its culture, we can begin to build a background for the speaker. As I looked at a map of the city, I noticed that there are multiple churches within a short radius. This can give the reader an insight into the influence Christian culture had on the speakers life, and it brings a deeper meaning to the lines discussing God and the church.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.la-umc.org/churchhistorydetail/849685" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 17:09:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781544138</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>(30.346539805843626, -91.51794873362404)</title>
         <author>tyfrazier11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781545511</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I read the poem Like Father by Jericho Brown. Baton Rouge, Louisiana is relevant to us understanding the Like Father poem. Not only is the city that is home to a major supplier of Louisiana coffee; and likely the same coffee that the speaker drinks in this poem. It is also known for its high crime rates and poverty rates. This area is important to evaluate because it is home major artists in the music and entertainment industries and it plays a big part in influencing the culture of Louisiana as a whole. In adding this source of cultural background of the state of Louisiana we can understand how the speaker was influenced to view the world based on what was presented to him through media outlets. The media plays an enormous role in influencing the thinking of everyday people and may have played a roll in the struggle behind the speaker’s experiences.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675344439/f62b91938fc83db04d9e42fd5657d842/English_Map.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 17:11:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781545511</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>(42.07586297331396, 12.57539979992805)</title>
         <author>tyfrazier11</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781546298</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I read the Like Father poem by Jericho Brown. The Vatican City is relevant to us understanding the Like Father poem because it is a major influence on the Christian culture and community. In adding this source of influence to the pin, it increases our rhetorical situation for readers by providing background information about the religion the speaker is engaging in with his father. By understanding this religion we can also infer that the use of the language “father” can be literal and metaphorical to the speakers relationship to his human and spiritual fathers.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3Aqx937YV0" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 17:12:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781546298</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Shih-Huan Chou Washington D.C., DC, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781676359</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>One of the major themes in the poem “Canning Memories” by Frank X Walker is social inequality where widespread racism because of slavery, caused African Americans to suffer greatly from legal and financial security. Washington DC is relevant to us understanding this poem in understanding the poem because it was where the emancipation proclamation and the 13th amendment was passed. The emancipation proclamation freed the slaves in enemy territory but largely did not give slaves property to be self-sufficient enough to contribute to the economy. This caused a clear socio-economic divide between the relatively wealthy white community and the relatively poor black community. Additionally, the black workforce was largely devoid of civil rights, resulting in the satiation shown in the poem where a black man is forced to work under “Indian Summer” just to scrap by. Since the poem was written in the perspective of the “Grandma”, who is implied to be white due to her affluence, the details of the black laborer is largely ignored by the Grandma as typical of how black culture was suppressed by white people. In effect, much of what the black person would eat was not talked about. Instead, the poem focuses on the memories of the grandma and how she prepares and processes food, which makes her freedom quite evident compared to the African American person working in the fields for her. As the motivation of African American cuisine is based on culture of sharing, survival, and economic frustration, both the culture mindset surrounding food consumed by African Americans and the actual cuisine differ significantly. The poem therefore does not consider the vast array of African American cuisine that was clearly distinct from the more affluent white population. It conveys the racist idea that African Americans are simple and unworthy of notice by the white race due to their heritage. The link attached below shows an article on African American cuisine, which aims to further deepen the appreciation of African American culture that was intentionally not included in the poem. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350042278&amp;tocid=b-9781350042278-art44&amp;st=African+american+food" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 20:14:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781676359</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781680568</link>
         <description><![CDATA[https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350042278&amp;tocid=b-9781350042278-art44&amp;st=African+american+food ]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-26 20:21:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781680568</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Shih-Huan Chou Tennessee, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781682168</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The setting of “Canning Memories” is the southern Appalachians during the 19th to 20th century. During this time, the southern Appalachians was greatly affected by a wave of globalization that started with the “discovery” of American by Christopher Columbus and the subsequent conquest of land in north and south American via colonization. Since colonization is the process of conquering land and making the land profitable, it is necessary for the mother country to interlink economies with the conquered land, oftentimes introducing new crops, technology, ideas, and resources in an attempt to make the land profitable. The southern Appalachians were no exception to this idea, the wide array of crops grown including potatoes, beans, kale, turnips, sweet corn onions, and cabbage are the effects of colonization as they are not native to north America, which indirectly necessitated globalization. More concerning however, globalization allowed the use of African slave labor in the Americas and the subsequent discrimination and racism towards them because of an inflated European ego that hindered the understanding between the two fractions. Tragically, the effects of globalization are a wave of misunderstanding, misinformation, and trivialization. Just ask yourself out of all the crops listed above, how many do you know where it originated? Likely none of them. Globalization fuels convenience and modernization but is obscures the origin story of ideas, people, and products. It makes it hard to communicate when we do not actively try to communicate.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-26 20:23:53 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781682168</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Shih-Huan Chou Atlanta, GA, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781683508</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The third major theme in “Canning Memories” is the topic of communication and sustainability. The problem lies in the fact that technology often gives an illusion of prosperity because it is convenient. As we start getting use to this convenience, we stop doubting the cons of such technology, blindly accepting it as an integral part of our life no matter its consequences to the earth. Atlanta is relevant to understand “Canned Memories” because it is a representation of a city life, the convenient life. It is a life that is largely disconnected from an agrarian society but reaps the benefits of having a stable food source due to importation of food from agrarian societies. The city life of Atlanta is admirable, the nearest chick-fil-a is no more than half an hour away by car and meat is just everywhere. However, as a pollutant, the production of meat produces as much greenhouse gas as all transportation vehicles. Yet the common person in Atlanta simply does not know the full extent on how bad meat is to the world. It is no surprise that the lack of education on the environmental impact of meat is a big cause for its unsustainability. This goes in line with the poem’s warning, that the lack of meaningful communication causes unsustainable practices among groups of people, which will cause society to break down over time. As a city hosting a wide array of tech, food, and consumer businesses, Atlanta has great influence over the market value of food and other items that are produced close “to the earth”. Therefore, it is also our responsibility as city to regulate what kind of food we value and to communicate with agrarian societies and to implement plans to reduce carbon emissions and food waste. This is especially relevant to Georgia Tech in Atlanta as we are a STEM oriented school that will undoubtingly innovate world changing technology. It is therefore essential for us to realize the needs of the earth and our community to effectively collaborate and give back to society. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NxvQPzrg2Wg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 20:25:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781683508</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Charleston, SC, USA- Rebecca Siegel </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781727706</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Revised Pin #1<br>Charleston, South Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem “Prayer for Black-eyed Peas” by Kevin Young because South Carolina is one of the speculated origins of the tradition of eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day. The poem revolves not only around the South, but also New Year’s Day. The South holds great importance in the tradition of eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day. As the tradition states, eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day brings prosperity to the new year. The poem is about the hope that is instill in eating back-eyed peas on New Year’s Day. Young describes this perfectly, “I pledge each inch of my waist not to waste you, to clean my plate each January &amp; like you not look back.” This quote perfectly describes the anticipation of the New Year. The New Year means a chance for a fresh start. The New Year brings anticipation for new adventures and memories. To southerners, black-eyed peas represent the hope of a good New Year.<br><br></div><div> Black-eye peas also represent humility. There is an old expression that states, “Eat poor on New Year’s, and eat fat the rest of the year.” Young also capture the humility black-eyed peas bring, “Humbly, I come to you now O bruised lord, beautiful wounded legume, in this time of plague, in my very need.” Young humbles himself and prays to the black-eyed peas for a prosperous year. Southerners use black-eyed peas as a tool to show humility and to hope for an exciting year. Young is incredible at conveying the importance of eating black-eyed peas on New Year’s Day and all it represents. <br><br></div><div>Only certain people live in South Carolina, but hope is universal. Hope transcends geographic placement. Young exemplifies this by sharing a prayer to black-eyed peas, but the prayer is also for good fortune and prosperity in the New Year. The New Year is a time for people to stop looking backward and start looking forward to the blank slate of the New Year. Young captures the hopefulness the New Year brings by saying a prayer to his comforting black-eyed peas.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of <em>Beans, the history </em>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving historical background of black-eyed peas. The article additionally delves into the historical importance of black-eyed peas in the context of race </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350025677&amp;tocid=b-9781350025677-chapter8&amp;st=Southern+United+States" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-26 21:36:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781727706</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Atlanta, GA, USA - Rebecca Siegel</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781781699</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Atlanta, Georgia is relevant to us understanding the poem “Prayer for Black-eyed Peas” by Kevin Young because Atlanta is the South’s big city full of southern charm. Atlanta is a melting pot with the key ingredient of southern charm. Southern hospitality is the warmth and welcoming attitude that is prevalent in the south. Community is an integral aspect of southern hospitality. Community members are people to confide in and they worry about everyone’s wellbeing. As Kevin Young writes, “I gave you up like an unfaithful lover, but still you nag me like a mother. Like the brother I don’t have I need you know to confide in, my eyes &amp; yours darkened by worry…” Young perfectly expresses the community in the south through this poem. In a community, every person is being taken care of and everyone is looking out for each other. Atlanta, Georgia is a place very relevant to the poem because it is an example of how a big city can keep ahold of its southern hospitality. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of an image of the Busy Bee Cafe<em> </em>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by sharing a historical example of a place where southern hospitality is in abundance. The Busy bee Café is an example of a safe and inclusive place for everyone. The Busy Bee Café opened in Atlanta in 1947 and ever since has been an important part of history. During segregation, the Busy Bee was a safe place for African Americans. The restaurant was in the green book and is still open today.   </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-26 23:21:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781781699</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Southern Mexico</title>
         <author>ChewyBeb</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781825566</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Southern Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because it is the source of the corn crop so extolled throughout the poem. It also serves as an example of the diversity corn and its usages developed through the decades and millennia. Most scholars believe that corn originated in the Balsas River Valley of south central Mexico, domesticated from the plant teosinte. Similar to how rice in Asia and wheat in Europe formed the basis of most people’s diets there, corn was the foundation of Amerindian diets, spreading north and south from its hometown. Corn became the pillar of many a Mesoamerican civilization, whether it be the Aztec, Maya, or Inca. Among the Maya, numerous artistic depictions of tamales, which are made from corn based dough, have been found, some rounded, some stuffed, others rolled and even some dripping with an unknown substance. Corn continues to be a building block of cuisine in the Yucatan Peninsula and southern Mexico, eaten for birthdays and celebrations, sold by the street vendors. There’s a vast array of tamales and preparation methods, using all manner of ingredients from banana leaves to squash beans to lima beans. Corn is also used in many pre-Columbian beverages such as atole. One specific variant of atole is sak’ul, otherwise known as white atole, placed on the graves of the deceased. Atole remains a popular drink, particularly for Day of the Dead and Las Posadas. Even through the centuries, corn’s cultural and gastronomical influence has not diminished in the least. In adding the source to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by telling the wondrous details of how the Maya live, and continue to live. One cannot help but be fascinated by the pre-Columbian civilizations, and this wealth of information only serves to flesh out and paint the details and mundanities of life in such states.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IPClfgXR-g" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 00:58:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781825566</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jackson, MS, USA - Rebecca Siegel</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781868358</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jackson, Mississippi is relevant to us understanding the poem “Prayer for Black-eyed Peas” by Kevin Young because Mississippi is representative of the deep south. Kevin Young paints a picture of the deep south through his writing, “Holy sister, you are my father planted along the road on mile from where he was born, brought full circle almost.” The south can be a stagnant place. Not much growth or movement can happen. Unfortunately, the deep south’s economy is regressing due to automation, globalization, and the lack of higher education opportunities. Young perfectly describes how stagnant the south can be and how their can be little change economically, geographically, and socially. Jackson, Mississippi is relevant to understanding the poem because it is a snapshot of the towns and communities Young is trying to portray in his poem. <br><br></div><div><br>In adding the source, “I’m a black man who moved to the Deep South. Here’s what it’s teaching me about race” an article from vox.com, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by sharing an African American man’s experience in the deep south. The deep south is entrenched with racial tensions and racism. The article gives the reader the first-person perspective of how racism functions in the south and the remnants of slavery and the civil war that still exist. The other source that goes with the article is an audio of a segment on a radio program called “Southwind” that was about the issues, people, and culture of the South. The South has always dealt with poverty, this segment aired in 1983, so it gives us insight on poverty in the past. The segment still applies to today, as many of the issues tackled in the audio clip are still relevant today. <br>Link to the Vox article: https://www.vox.com/first-person/2017/10/31/16571238/black-man-deep-south-race<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/digital/collection/p17222coll4/id/38" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 02:33:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/781868358</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Philippines</title>
         <author>kjagannath3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782090326</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Keshav Jagannath<br><br><strong>The poem dedicates a substantial portion of its use of imagery into describing the foods being prepared on the father’s stove (The scent of garlic on (chicken) fingers, and the chicken adobo juices “melting into layers of meat”). All of these details describe prominent Filipino cuisine. First generational immigrants tend to use food as the primary reminder of where they came from. Unless the immigrant’s culture has already been well established in the United States, the only remnants of home would be what the immigrants bring with them: clothing, dialects, looks, traditions, and others. Most of these traditions may fade over time. Recipes, however, tend to last longer because they speak to a universal necessity: eating. Regardless of ethnicity, nothing reminds someone of home more than the smell of their own cuisine on the stove. The Philippines is a country rich in culture. The chicken adobo alone evokes images of color and vibrancy.</strong> <strong>Their recipes are a benchmark for what defines their culture. Even in his retirement years, the father is still content with chicken adobo and coffee on the stove as he goes about his daily chores. He has clearly not lost site of where he came from.</strong></div><div> </div><div><strong>In the poem, the father’s family would’ve emigrated from the Philippines to the United States in search of the American Dream, and the father would have raised his son to the point where he could make a living elsewhere. Like many ex-pats from third world countries, the father is portrayed as a humble, down-to-earth worker, who is content with his life, but still carries the the hardships he had to face his former home with him. Despite the Philippines’ cultural vibrancy, it is still a developing country, and life would have undoubtedly been more complicated at the best of times. Both characters in the poem have achieved most of what they want to accomplish in life. The only way to understand the gravity of that achievement is by analyzing what they had to go through in their home country. If Florence is the logical end for the story in this poem, the Philippines is the catalyst that starts it.</strong></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 07:31:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782090326</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Eastern Virginia-Eric Xu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782390934</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Eastern Virginia is relevant to understanding the poem because it is the origin of one of the lunch food that Carlo brings before his argument with his teacher. (However, in the poem Carlo says he eats a “Poke sallet sandwich, ribbon cane, and hickory nuts”, so we can assume that the dishes are similar due to having the same ingredients.)  <br><br></div><div>A little background about Poke Sallet---<br><br></div><div>Poke weed, the main ingredient of Poke Sallet, was first discovered by the Powhatan tribe (Eastern VA region), and the Powhatan called this weed “poke” or blood in their language after the bright berries of this weed.  Poke Sallet is always boiled because raw poke is very poisonous for humans to consume. Poke in poke sallet contains a ton of vitamin A with significant amounts of vitamin C, iron, and calcium.  The dish Carlo brings to his class was mainly enjoyed in the Central Southern states and for some states still an integral dish. I though Carlo was saying “salad” in an accent, but the correct spelling is actually ‘sallet’ because ‘sallet’ is old English for a cooked salad. So, in short, poke sallet is a cooked poke salad. The Poke Sallet sandwich Carlo is eating is probably a derivative of the classical Southern staple (and is a very rare method of eating as most people would eat it just like a normal salad), as in the South, most consume Poke Sallet in salad form in early Spring due to the poke weed being very fresh. Finally, some people who claim to consume poke sallet says it has reportedly excellent healing properties due to the nutrients inside the Poke weed. <br><br></div><div>Conflict with Ms. Snodgrass <br><br></div><div> <br><br></div><div>Poke sallet is a southern dish, so it greatly contrasts with the Italian food mentioned earlier in the poem. What does that mean? It means Carlo, which is an Italian variant of the name Charles, is someone who is already integrated fully in Southern society, shown by his lunch of all Southern dishes, is willing to stand up for his fellow immigrants no matter what the cost to him (failing the seventh grade). It means that a Southern person has the will to do what is right when all of the classroom and teacher is against him. This shows that Carlo is a hero for pursing justice in such a hostile environment. Very few people in the world, sadly, have taken such a strong stance against injustice. It is important for all of us to stand up for what is wrong no matter how strong the consequences are. <br><br></div><div>In conclusion, Eastern Virginia is important location in this poem because it is the origin of the ingredient of the food stated in the poem, and it provides a bit of characterization for the protagonist and his motives. <br><br></div><div>In adding the picture on the basics of Poke Sallet,  it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation by adding more visual information for poke sallet. This adds to the context of the poem by allowing the reader to visualize Carlo’s lunch and helps build a clear mental picture between the standoff between Carlo and Miss. Snodgrass, Carlo’s teacher. This graphic is especially important for visual learner, like me, in understanding the poem. <br><br></div><div> <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/678952269/68de2ebc88fb73dc9e444b940f2bb87e/polsallet.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 14:06:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782390934</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782391258</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Eastern Virginia is relevant to understanding the poem because it is the origin of one of the lunch food that Carlo brings before his argument with his teacher. (However, in the poem Carlo says he eats a “Poke sallet sandwich, ribbon cane, and hickory nuts”, so we can assume that the dishes are similar due to having the same ingredients.)  
A little background about Poke Sallet---
Poke weed, the main ingredient of Poke Sallet, was first discovered by the Powhatan tribe (Eastern VA region), and the Powhatan called this weed “poke” or blood in their language after the bright berries of this weed.  Poke Sallet is always boiled because raw poke is very poisonous for humans to consume. Poke in poke sallet contains a ton of vitamin A with significant amounts of vitamin C, iron, and calcium.  The dish Carlo brings to his class was mainly enjoyed in the Central Southern states and for some states still an integral dish. I though Carlo was saying “salad” in an accent, but the correct spelling is actually ‘sallet’ because ‘sallet’ is old English for a cooked salad. So, in short, poke sallet is a cooked poke salad. The Poke Sallet sandwich Carlo is eating is probably a derivative of the classical Southern staple (and is a very rare method of eating as most people would eat it just like a normal salad), as in the South, most consume Poke Sallet in salad form in early Spring due to the poke weed being very fresh. Finally, some people who claim to consume poke sallet says it has reportedly excellent healing properties due to the nutrients inside the Poke weed. 
Conflict with Ms. Snodgrass 

Poke sallet is a southern dish, so it greatly contrasts with the Italian food mentioned earlier in the poem. What does that mean? It means Carlo, which is an Italian variant of the name Charles, is someone who is already integrated fully in Southern society, shown by his lunch of all Southern dishes, is willing to stand up for his fellow immigrants no matter what the cost to him (failing the seventh grade). It means that a Southern person has the will to do what is right when all of the classroom and teacher is against him. This shows that Carlo is a hero for pursing justice in such a hostile environment. Very few people in the world, sadly, have taken such a strong stance against injustice. It is important for all of us to stand up for what is wrong no matter how strong the consequences are. 
In conclusion, Eastern Virginia is important location in this poem because it is the origin of the ingredient of the food stated in the poem, and it provides a bit of characterization for the protagonist and his motives. 
In adding the picture on the basics of Poke Sallet,  it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation by adding more visual information for poke sallet. This adds to the context of the poem by allowing the reader to visualize Carlo’s lunch and helps build a clear mental picture between the standoff between Carlo and Miss. Snodgrass, Carlo’s teacher. This graphic is especially important for visual learner, like me, in understanding the poem. 

]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 14:07:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782391258</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Midwestern USA- Eric Xu</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782392859</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>About Hickory Nuts<br><br></div><div><br>Midwestern US is relevant to understating “Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade” by adding the location of one of Carlo’s lunch items. The practice of eating hickory nuts began with Native Americans with them boiling them to make a healthy, healthy porridge to consume. In terms of eating hickory nuts, it is not dangerous to eat them raw. Many nuts differ due to the many variants of hickory nuts in the United States. For the poem, Southern hickory nuts have a very hard shell with a small “fruit” to consume.  However, pealing the double shell can be annoying. Hickory nuts have a nice, rich, oily, sweet pecan taste and is filled with fat and a bit of protein to go along. In Southern culture, hickory nuts are not consumed much compared to pecans due to being harder to prepare and harder to find in general. However, hickory nuts are still a classic for many Southerners. <br><br></div><div><br>In the Poem- <br><br></div><div><br>Although the snack does not play an important role in the poem, hickory nuts shows that he is not a new immigrant because it provides that Carlo has already integrated with Southern society through eating a Southern snack. However, this does not hide his anger towards the Italian classmates when being berated by his classmates and teachers. Even though Carlo is different than his Italian classmates, he first rebukes her and then bravely broke the glass. The poem states, “Swing my hickory hammer through the glass. Cracked like thin ice.” The hickory nut could represent the meaning of the poem: the hard shell of hatred and racism with Carlo pealing the skin of discrimination to reveal the sweet fruit of equality for the immigrants. Carlo should be the example of how we can practice justice: standing up for the weak no matter how large the consequences. <br><br></div><div><br>The youtube audio/video clip increases the multimodal rhetorical situation by supplementing important information on one of the dishes that Carlo consumes. This can further the understanding of the poem (especially the latter half of the poem) by understanding characterization and motives to the events in the plot. Despite its informal tone, the video also gives the reader an informative way to spot, to collect, and to remove the shell for hickory nuts. The man also informs the steps on how to prepare for consumption: washing to get rid of dirt, drying, and inspecting for holes or insects.  <br><br></div><div> <br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 14:09:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782392859</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Birmingham, AL, USA - Ewan Albright</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782423155</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><strong>Birmingham, Alabama</strong></li></ul><div><br>Birmingham, Alabama is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food" because it is where the poem takes place and provides the other food culture in the poem. By adding this secondary food culture, the author is able to establish a culture clash in order to highlight the differences between both. The author demonstrates how, in a place that seemingly lacks Middle Eastern food culture, there is a lot thanks to the number of restaurants that open in the town from all over the world. This also represents something that happens all across the United States and much of the world; the food culture is expanded as there are people living there from all over the world. Birmingham is the most populous city in Alabama and is also home to a large college, so it makes sense for people of many different identities and backgrounds to settle there. As a result of the added physical diversity, the diversity in food grows as well. By allowing the poem to take place in Alabama, the author demonstrates that just because two places are thousands of miles apart doesn’t mean that their food profiles can’t overlap. Because of its diversity, a resident of Birmingham, Alabama has the ability to have a burger and fries for lunch, but a Middle Eastern dish for dinner later that same day. <br><br></div><div><br>In adding the source that shows the diversity in Birmingham, Alabama (https://datausa.io/profile/geo/birmingham-al/) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by demonstrating the many cultural identities and flavor profiles present in the city. <br><br></div><div><br>Source: https://datausa.io/profile/geo/birmingham-al/<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://datausa.io/profile/geo/birmingham-al/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 14:43:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782423155</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Birmingham, AL, USA</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782424297</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 14:45:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782424297</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Saudi Arabia - Ewan Albright</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782427923</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><strong>Saudi Arabia</strong></li></ul><div>Saudi Arabia is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food" because in the poem the speaker describes the restaurant owner’s accent to be “heavy as oil,” suggesting that the owner could be Saudi Arabian due to the fact that Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s largest oil producers. By using this simile, the speaker hints at the restaurant owner’s nationality. In doing so, they add yet another level of cultural and food identity to the poem. This line not only represents how Saudi Arabia is known for its mass scale oil production, but also for its cuisine that is heavily reliant on oil. Plus, the speaker further emphasizes the cultural and flavor profile disconnect between the restaurant owner, the type of cuisine served at the restaurant, the food served at the restaurant, the speaker, and the restaurant’s location of Birmingham, Alabama. To someone not from the same place as the restaurant owner, their accent is likely to sound thick and heavy like oil. But the interesting aspect to the symbol of oil is that it differentiates the cultures presented in more ways than one. It highlights multiple aspects of food, culture, and identity beyond just what an accent may sound like. In this case, it’s the middle east’s cooking with oil and vast production and exportation of oil. <br><br><br>In adding the podcast that discusses the production of oil in Saudi Arabia (https://www.argusmedia.com/en/blog/2020/april/16/podcast-saudis-double-down-on-oil-market-share-offensive) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by reinforcing the importance oil has in the cultural identity of Saudi Arabia.<br><br>Source: https://www.argusmedia.com/en/blog/2020/april/16/podcast-saudis-double-down-on-oil-market-share-offensive<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.argusmedia.com/en/blog/2020/april/16/podcast-saudis-double-down-on-oil-market-share-offensive" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 14:49:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782427923</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Belgium - Ewan Albright</title>
         <author>ewanalbright</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782445297</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><strong>Belgium</strong></li></ul><div>Belgium is relevant to us understanding the poem "Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food" because Belgium is where the now world famous delicacy of french fries was born, and french fries are an important image in the poem. In the poem, the author uses french fries as another symbol of flavor diversity and it helps her establish the culture and flavor clash that is a central theme of the poem. The importance of the french fries in the poem is that it demonstrates the speaker’s reluctance to branch out from a flavor profile with which they are comfortable. Despite ordering from a Mediterranean restaurant, the speaker orders french fries instead of a Mediterranean dish which might be expected. Furthermore, the fact that the restaurant owner has to include french fries, a food not generally associated with Mediterranean restaurants, on the menu at a Mediterranean restaurant demonstrates a general trend of people ignoring the food and culture diversity right in front of them. In addition to this, the inclusion of french fries in the poem demonstrates how one place can seemingly adopt a food and make it their own. Today french fries are thought of as a primarily American food as that is where they are most widely eaten being a fast food staple. But even though they are thought of as American, they are most certainly not. <br><br></div><div><br>In adding the source that shows an image of the Belgian preparation of fries, (https://www.expatica.com/be/lifestyle/food-drink/belgian-fries-101986/) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by clarifying a common misconception about where french fries are from and reinforces the food diversity presented in the poem. <br><br></div><div><br>Source: https://www.expatica.com/be/lifestyle/food-drink/belgian-fries-101986/<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.expatica.com/be/lifestyle/food-drink/belgian-fries-101986/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 15:09:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782445297</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Marianna, FL, USA - Andrew Smith</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782461425</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Marianna, Florida is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it establishes the setting as a rural, undeveloped community. The poem itself focuses on the difficulties inherent to rural, subsistence farming. Specifically, it highlights the struggle of food insecurity faced by farmers. This is a universal problem in the agricultural industry, though it is especially prevalent in rural farms. Marianna is definitely a “rural enough” setting to illustrate this prevalence. Rural areas tend to experience higher rates of food insecurity due to their lower number of services for food-insecure individuals, as well as their greater reliance on subsistence agriculture, compared to their urban counterparts. However, the nearest metropolitan area to Marianna is Tallahassee, which is located over an hour away by car. Thus, it is difficult for many Marianna residents, especially those in the farming industry, to find a reliable source of nourishment that does not originate within the community itself.  Obviously, Marianna is not the only rural farming community in the world, but it certainly fits the criteria of being considered as one. The struggles felt in such communities worldwide are felt in Marianna, making it a perfect setting to illustrate the hardships involved with rural agriculture.</div><div>In adding the source of the video “Urban, Suburban and Rural Hunger” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by comparing the different ways that food insecurity manifests itself in modern society. Since many individuals do not live in rural areas, it can be difficult to understand the specific difficulties these communities face. However, by comparing these issues to ones common in other areas of society, rural issues become much more relatable and, in turn, understandable.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://vimeo.com/125106433" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 15:28:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782461425</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>St Luke&#39;s Episcopal Church, Marianna, FL, USA - Andrew Smith</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782467611</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>St. Luke’s Church is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it displays a widespread commonality amongst rural communities: faith. Religion serves as both a method of explanation and a source of comfort within communities like that of Marianna. Many occurrences within the agricultural sector are not easily explained by those without an advanced education. For example, crop failures can be caused by numerous factors not involving the farmers’ performance. Droughts, floods, locusts, and tornadoes are just a few causes that cannot be controlled, but also cannot be truly explained without deep study into their occurrences. Farmers seek ways to understand what causes their problems in order to avoid them in the future. As a result, they turn to what they know, explaining the hardships they face through the lens of religion. Weather conditions are explained as acts of god, as that is the easiest method of interpreting the situation. This, in turn, provides a form of comfort to farming communities. The ability to say that you are not the cause of your own hardships can be relieving, making individuals even more likely to continue the use of religion. Thus, a cycle of explanation begins, with communities using religion more and more frequently to explain the agricultural problems they face on a daily basis.</div><div>In adding the image of St. Luke’s Episcopal Church in Marianna to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing how it is not the church itself that serves to comfort during hardship, but rather the faith it houses. There is nothing special about the building. It is just a church. It has no intricate spires or watchful gargoyles, just a steeple and a main building. However, as stated prior, the building is not the main attraction. People flock to St. Luke’s every Sunday to receive comfort and hope, priceless possessions in times of hardship. This image shows that in even the blandest of churches, faith resides, helping people through their darkest days.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/686844266/143bf134b31dbb32acefbc36b611737d/st_lukes_church_in_marianna_florida__1_.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 15:35:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782467611</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782468259</link>
         <description><![CDATA[St. Luke’s Church is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it displays a widespread commonality amongst rural communities: faith. Religion serves as both a method of explanation and a source of comfort within communities like that of Marianna. Many occurrences within the agricultural sector are not easily explained by those without an advanced education. For example, crop failures can be caused by numerous factors not involving the farmers’ performance. Droughts, floods, locusts, and tornadoes are just a few causes that cannot be controlled, but also cannot be truly explained without deep study into their occurrences. Farmers seek ways to understand what causes their problems in order to avoid them in the future. As a result, they turn to what they know, explaining the hardships they face through the lens of religion. Weather conditions are explained as acts of god, as that is the easiest method of interpreting the situation. This, in turn, provides a form of comfort to farming communities. The ability to say that you are not the cause of your own hardships can be relieving, making individuals even more likely to continue the use of religion. Thus, a cycle of explanation begins, with communities using religion more and more frequently to explain the agricultural problems they face on a daily basis.
In adding the image of St. Luke’s Episcopal Church in Marianna to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing how it is not the church itself that serves to comfort during hardship, but rather the faith it houses. There is nothing special about the building. It is just a church. It has no intricate spires or watchful gargoyles, just a steeple and a main building. However, as stated prior, the building is not the main attraction. People flock to St. Luke’s every Sunday to receive comfort and hope, priceless possessions in times of hardship. This image shows that in even the blandest of churches, faith resides, helping people through their darkest days.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 15:36:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782468259</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Southeastern United States - Andrew Smith</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782471446</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Southeastern United States is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it both displays a value set specific to this region and indicates the form of agricultural work done on the farms being described. In terms of the value set, it displays one of honor and respect. Southern morals dictate that one should not transfer their hardships unto others. As a result, struggling farmers are unlikely to want to rely on their neighbors for subsistence, trying to solve or simply get through their problems on their own. This can result in farmers experiencing even greater hardship as they don’t ask for help from their community when struggling. Regarding more tangible implications, the poem’s southern setting indicates the types of agriculture performed on the farm. Southern agriculture historically revolved around so-called “cash crops”. These crops are very useful economically, but are typically very poor in terms of subsistence. Additionally, crops like wheat and barley, staples of the midwest, grow very poorly in the southern climate. Consequently, small southern farms resort to growing crops like sugarcane, peanuts, or tobacco, which are practically useless in terms of subsistence, but can be sold to purchase food for consumption. </div><div>In adding the source of “United States: The South” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining which crops are prevalent in southern agriculture. Additionally, it touches on the origins and uses of the foods, highlighting how they came to be a part of the southern culture.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208666&amp;tocid=b-9781474208666-004952" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 15:39:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782471446</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782471815</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The Southeastern United States is relevant to us understanding the purpose of the poem “Times Like These” because it both displays a value set specific to this region and indicates the form of agricultural work done on the farms being described. In terms of the value set, it displays one of honor and respect. Southern morals dictate that one should not transfer their hardships unto others. As a result, struggling farmers are unlikely to want to rely on their neighbors for subsistence, trying to solve or simply get through their problems on their own. This can result in farmers experiencing even greater hardship as they don’t ask for help from their community when struggling. Regarding more tangible implications, the poem’s southern setting indicates the types of agriculture performed on the farm. Southern agriculture historically revolved around so-called “cash crops”. These crops are very useful economically, but are typically very poor in terms of subsistence. Additionally, crops like wheat and barley, staples of the midwest, grow very poorly in the southern climate. Consequently, small southern farms resort to growing crops like sugarcane, peanuts, or tobacco, which are practically useless in terms of subsistence, but can be sold to purchase food for consumption. 
In adding the source of “United States: The South” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by explaining which crops are prevalent in southern agriculture. Additionally, it touches on the origins and uses of the foods, highlighting how they came to be a part of the southern culture.]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 15:40:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782471815</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jamestown, VA, USA - FINAL PADLET FOR ARTIFACT 1 (Nimita Deshpande)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782489243</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Jamestown, Virginia, USA (my original padlet pin) is relevant to us understanding the poem “Food Stamps” because it is the region where tobacco, referred to in the poem as “bacca” and “snuff”, first began to be mass produced and exported in the United States. The history of the tobacco crop is strongly rooted in colonial America in the 1600s, when colonizers in Jamestown, Virginia began to mass produce and export tobacco. The crop was so integral to Virginia’s economy that it fueled the colonizers’ westward expansion into the North American continent in order to search for more land and consequently resulted in conflict with and suppression of Native American tribes, who had in fact been using traditional tobacco long before it became popular worldwide. The mass production of tobacco also incentivized colonizers to institutionalize slavery in the 1700s and was one of the primary reasons for the expansion of the African slave labor. The colonizers ended up reaping the benefits of the profitable tobacco crop at the expense of black and indigenous people - one of many situations which has given rise to current racial and income inequality as well as discrimination against BIPOC. Inequality and discrimination persist as major themes in the poem and manifest themselves in the form of issues that the poet faces on a regular basis. The poet, who is a black woman living in a low-income area (colloquially referred to as “Need Mo’ Street” in the poem), feels as if she is being “crushed underfoot” because she finds herself constantly and unfairly judged by the more privileged members of society, who believe they have the right to criticize her life and question her about her income and financial status. In conclusion, Jamestown, Virginia can be considered highly relevant to our understanding of the poem given the role it had in promoting tobacco, a commodity which is a symbol of the various forms of oppression the poet is forced to undergo as a result of her race, gender, and socioeconomic status.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/tobacco_in_colonial_virginia">https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/tobacco_in_colonial_virginia</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including the following: brightly-colored subheadings and detailed written information about the evolution of tobacco as a commodity in America in the form of paragraphs and a timeline; interactive visual imagery in the form of pictures of individuals and objects significant to tobacco’s history as well as a map; and interactive electronic elements such as links to other pages on the website. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/tobacco_in_colonial_virginia" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 15:58:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782489243</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Africa (Zachary Plimpton)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782567931</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> Africa is relevant to us understanding the poem “When My Mother Is Away” because the rice and rice dishes found commonly in the Cajun and Creole cooking styles that make New Orleans cuisine unique can be traced back to their origins in African culture. The transatlantic slave trade introduced rice as an ingredient to European countries and their colonies in the Americas. The rise of the slave trade brought with it not only rice and the labor needed to harvest it, but also the culture surrounding it. This includes traditional African dishes and the knowledge and expertise required to prepare them. Rice was introduced into the dishes of other cultures sometimes as a substitute for other ingredients such as wheat. The cooking skills brought by Africans helped to propel rice to the front of Louisiana cuisine. Because slaves made up such a large part of the population in colonial Louisiana, African culture had a significant influence on all aspects of New Orleans’ culture, including its distinct cuisine. Many dishes made in Louisiana today are African in origin such as rice calas, a type of rice fritter. Rice is a major cash crop in Louisiana and has been since the middle of the nineteenth century; as such, boiled rice has been served alongside many New Orleans dishes for well over a hundred years. In adding the source "The Transnational Dish of the Motherland: The African Roots of Rice and Beans" to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers  by linking a foreign continent to an everyday dish. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/679228874/029e5c909d15b6c62ecea5c9e02328c6/BEANS.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 17:22:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782567931</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>South Carolina, USA Kayla Watanabe</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782636285</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>South Carolina is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because the author of Backbone, Caroline Randall Williams, talked about her experience with slavery and how it has impacted her life. While the poem never explicitly states that the narrator is African American, it becomes apparent through the difficultly the grandmother has to go through to brush the narrator's hair. South Caroline, is exhibited by the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, used to be adamant maintaining slavery prior to the Civil War. Caroline Randall Williams is an African American woman who wrote about being mostly white only as a product of rapes. Many African Americans who were enslaved prior to the Civil War (and even after the Civil War as well) were raped by their slave owners. Caroline Randall Williams wrote about her experience when commenting on whether or not to remove Confederate leader's statues. For South Carolina, there is a Wikipedia for all the monuments and statues for Confederate leaders. The poem (supposing it's nonfictional) depicts one of the less severe struggles of being an African American woman. Even as it is a minor issue, it's excruciatingly painful. It's something that we can't understand because we've never had to deal with it. Even so, this fear is instilled in African Americans over generations.In adding the source of Caroline Randall Williams's article to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by expressing in her own words the history of skin </strong></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9iyj00bxVc" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:43:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782636285</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782644367</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Texas is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Glory Be-b-q” by Jay Hopler because Texas is widely regarded as the American Mecca for barbecue. This means Texas is the cultural epicenter of Southern barbecue. Throughout its history Texas has had the unique blend of cultures from the Caribbean, West Africa, Native Americans, and european cultures which all mixed in the area combined with the state’s historically high meat production, specifically beef, making Texas the perfect place for barbecuing practices to have been created .While the barbecue that is described by Hopler is cooking pork instead of the beef, beef having given the state notoriety, pork barbecue dishes are also common throughout Texas cuisine in popular dishes such as pulled pork and baby back ribs. Because pulled pork is featured in Hopler’s poem prominently when the main course is offered to his character in the poem, it is also important that someone understands the cultural context of communally cooking meat at a barbecue as a form of leisure and social engagement with one’s community when trying to understand Hopler’s experience in “The Glory Bar-b-q”. That social understanding of the barbecue gives the reader not just the insight of Hoplers appetite for the delectable cuisine of Hopler’s past, but the social aspect of the barbecue adds a new element of nostalgia for the reader to appreciate the community that is inferred by the pleasant atmosphere of the barbecue. In adding the source of the thrillist contemporary cultural piece to the pin, the piece confirms and expands upon the outdoor, and implicitly social nature of barbecues, and the cooking style and emphasized ingredients of the meal as well.
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:49:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782644367</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Texas(Gabriel Montes final 27/9)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782645258</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Texas is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Glory Be-b-q” by Jay Hopler because Texas is widely regarded as the American Mecca for barbecue. This means Texas is the cultural epicenter of Southern barbecue. Throughout its history Texas has had the unique blend of cultures from the Caribbean, West Africa, Native Americans, and european cultures which all mixed in the area combined with the state’s historically high meat production, specifically beef, making Texas the perfect place for barbecuing practices to have been created .While the barbecue that is described by Hopler is cooking pork instead of the beef, beef having given the state notoriety, pork barbecue dishes are also common throughout Texas cuisine in popular dishes such as pulled pork and baby back ribs. Because pulled pork is featured in Hopler’s poem prominently when the main course is offered to his character in the poem, it is also important that someone understands the cultural context of communally cooking meat at a barbecue as a form of leisure and social engagement with one’s community when trying to understand Hopler’s experience in “The Glory Bar-b-q”. That social understanding of the barbecue gives the reader not just the insight of Hoplers appetite for the delectable cuisine of Hopler’s past, but the social aspect of the barbecue adds a new element of nostalgia for the reader to appreciate the community that is inferred by the pleasant atmosphere of the barbecue. In adding the source of the <a href="https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/texas-bbq-everything-you-need-to-know">thrillist contemporary cultural</a> piece to the pin, the piece confirms and expands upon the outdoor, and implicitly social nature of barbecues, and the cooking style and emphasized ingredients of the meal as well.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.thrillist.com/eat/nation/texas-bbq-everything-you-need-to-know" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:50:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782645258</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Vermont, USA Kayla Watanabe</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782645365</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Vermont is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because of the historic background of African Americans.</strong> First of all, the poem describes a hearty, African American grandmother with cancer from the eyes of her enamored granddaughter. Considering how some of the recipes listed on the menu that the narrator’s cousin remembers include “shrimp” and “potatoes”, the poem likely takes place near the coast (where shellfish is available for catching and potatoes are available for shipping from Europe). In addition, if this poem were to take place in an older time period (say, the 50’s) then the “place” would have to be a more northern state, where racism was less prominent. The 50’s was the pre-Civil Rights era. With the chemo bag that the grandmother had, she would not have been able to access that without being treated at least fairly equally to whites. Finally, the grandmother had clearly been to hell and back for whatever she had been through. Arguably, the most distinguishable quote from the poem is “Cancer? Hell”, making one of the most deadly, incurable diseases seem like a small inconvenience. To her, cancer was the least of her problems, so I would not be surprised if she had encountered some harsh racism in her years growing older.<strong> In adding the source of an organization that provides chemotherapy bags to the people of Vermont to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by indicating the current available and potentially the success of the procedure that the grandmother was going through </strong></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/680037277/c0c7ca3f9197456a85ac0583a4c03fce/2016_2020_VermontCancerPlan.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:51:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782645365</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Nashville, TN, USA Kayla Watanabe</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782647023</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Nashville, Tennessee is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because the author of "Backbone", Caroline Randall Williams, is a native to Nashville, Tennessee. Typically, Nashville is known for the stereotypical southern food: biscuits and gravy, fried chicken, sweet tea, corn bread, etc. However, the author explicitly describes the cousin as knowing how to make "cheesecake", "shrimp", and "potatoes", which tend to be more northern foods. Of course, as a Midwesterner, I don't know exactly what is considered common food of the north, but I know that those foods in particular make me think of New York or Vermont. This relates back to Nashville, Tennessee because the author is attempting to make a connection or indication of where the family may live based on the foods they may eat. As a Chicagoan, I don't necessarily know how to make deep dish pizza or giant hot dogs, but people always ask me if I eat it normally. All the same, perhaps the author believes that people up north must know how to make their regional foods as well. Since the author comes from a different region of the United States, her attempt at broadening the setting of her work beyond where she lives is depicted through the food used as an example.In adding the source of the author's origins to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by exemplifying the preconceived notions we may have about other regions despite never having visited or lived </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.southernfoodways.org/backbone/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:53:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782647023</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Cuba(Gabriel Montes Final 27/9)</title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782647772</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Cuba is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Glory Be-b-q” by Jay Hopler because a knowledge of the indegenous culture and traditions of the island itself gives the reader a greater understanding and appreciation for the cultural context of the poem and the barbecue desrebed therein. Hopler describes himself as being in a barbecue and all the sensory experiences that go alongside his attendance of this barbecue, but the barbecue itself is better understood in the cultural context of the cultural and culinary syncretism which moved the barbecuing style of meat, specifically pork, from the caribbean Taino cultures to the American South. Traditional Taino dishes like those from Cuba contained “barbecued” pork in a sense like the dish lechon which is a slowly roasted whole pig which is roasted by a wood fire in a literal pit in the ground similar to the barbecue pits which are common names for barbecue restaurants. Southern barbecue being only a slight variation of that Cuban dish lechon, has large cuts of meat or sometimes whole pigs also slow roasting over a wood fire which is roasted in a smoker which is above the ground and seasoned with southern barbecue flavorings instead of Caribbean spices. Hopler’s barbecue is assumedly taking place in the American South because of the use of English in the dialogue and the consumption of notably american products like Coca-Cola. That being established, syncretism from Cuba is implied since barbecuing was originally a Taino practice which must have moved to the American mainland and hence the South. In adding the source of a <a href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/historians-cookbook/history-barbecue">description of the origin of barbecue </a>to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by further supporting the previous claims about the origins of barbecue and further assert the cultural heritage as being tied to that of Cuba and the main Caribbean islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico and Hispana. This adds to the cultural understanding of the poem and creates a sense of historical and cultural context to the barbecue in Hopler’s poem.</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675509811/2c8b0caf867a925f1d0c3fcfc40e4f2a/lechon_picture.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:53:39 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782647772</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782647862</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Nashville, Tennessee is relevant to us understanding the poem "Backbone" because the author of "Backbone", Caroline Randall Williams, is a native to Nashville, Tennessee. Typically, Nashville is known for the stereotypical southern food: biscuits and gravy, fried chicken, sweet tea, corn bread, etc. However, the author explicitly describes the cousin as knowing how to make "cheesecake", "shrimp", and "potatoes", which tend to be more northern foods. Of course, as a Midwesterner, I don't know exactly what is considered common food of the north, but I know that those foods in particular make me think of New York or Vermont. This relates back to Nashville, Tennessee because the author is attempting to make a connection or indication of where the family may live based on the foods they may eat. As a Chicagoan, I don't necessarily know how to make deep dish pizza or giant hot dogs, but people always ask me if I eat it normally. All the same, perhaps the author believes that people up north must know how to make their regional foods as well. Since the author comes from a different region of the United States, her attempt at broadening the setting of her work beyond where she lives is depicted through the food used as an example. In adding the source of the author's origins to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by exemplifying the preconceived notions we may have about other regions despite never having visited or lived ]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:53:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782647862</guid>
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         <title>Georgia(Gabriel Montes Final 27/9)(Warning potentially graphic hunting video only watch 00:00:00 - 00:00:30 for safe content) </title>
         <author>20gam011</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782648972</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Georgia is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Glory Be-B-Q” by Jay Hopler because understanding the cultural and linguistic background of this state adds a new set of context to the poem and allows for the dialogue to develop the setting of the poem much further than would otherwise be possible. In “The Glory Be-b-q” the narrator is addressed by someone else who is presumably a part of the barbecue with a short staccato list of ingredients which almost reads with a southern drawl which is typically associated with the state of Georgia: “Hopler! Brisket &amp; black-eyed peas, Co’-Cola!”. Even though the accent was not conveyed through the poem, the use of a Southern dialect in the barbecue attendee’s statement allows us to analyze the person’s speech and notice the notable omissions of the essential elements of formal speech such as verbs, articles and syllables from the words. In a formal setting these omissions would make this sentence an unintelligible list of nouns and confuse a reader if they were unaware that these major omissions were the trace signs of someone speaking in the American Southern dialect which adds to the setting of the poem significantly by describing the cultural and linguistic background of the barbecue. In adding the source of a <a href="https://wanderwisdom.com/travel-destinations/A-Guide-to-Southern-Accents">guide to the southern accen</a>t and a hunting video with a man from Georgia talking about hunting to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the accent itself a greater context and a better appreciation for the speech which could easily be shrugged off as uneducated or otherwise improper. The video adds to the multimodal rhetoric by giving an example of a Georgia accent and the omissions of speech which are common in the accent and dialect.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBPDkH6CtK8" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 18:55:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782648972</guid>
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         <title>Chesapeake Bay, United States - Will Armentrout</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782654266</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> <br>Chesapeake Bay: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Jubilee" because the Chesapeake Bay contains all of the food mentioned in the poem and the food has a strong seafood culture that surrounds it. In the Bay, seafood, especially crabs but also shrimp and flounder are a very important part of the culture. Crab feasts are a Maryland staple. Crab Feasts are large gatherings of family and friends centered around crab eating. People come together to relax, all centered around food and specifically the same type of food, seafood (crabs, shrimp and flounder). Crabs especially in the Delmarva Peninsula are served with exorbitant amounts of Old Bay seasoning (a seasoning that is interconnected with crabs). Crabs alone are not a full meal so they are usually complemented with other foods such as local seafood like shrimp, flounder and corn. These feasts have become a bonding experience for people of the Chesapeake Bay, where family and friends connect over crabs. In the poem seafood serves as a connection between the jubilation going on for the characters and the natural world which they are surrounded by. Understanding the culture surrounding crab feasts and the Chesapeake Bay’s relationship with seafood allows the reader to better understand seafood's place, specifically for those who live near water, in the poem and how it interacts with the characters.</div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nXV07fKD0o">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nXV07fKD0o</a> a video about the cooking and eating crabs and the culture surrounding it to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by informing the readers about the culture surrounding the Maryland crabs and the crab feast. By allowing the reader insight into the culture and food surrounding crabs in the Chesapeake Bay, including the crab feast they can better relate to the feast/gathering going on in the poem."</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nXV07fKD0o" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 19:01:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782654266</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782654517</link>
         <description><![CDATA[2)  "Chesapeake Bay: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Jubilee" because the Chesapeake Bay contains all of the food mentioned in the poem and the food has a strong seafood culture that surrounds it. In the Bay, seafood, especially crabs but also shrimp and flounder are a very important part of the culture. Crab feasts are a Maryland staple. Crab Feasts are large gatherings of family and friends centered around crab eating. People come together to relax, all centered around food and specifically the same type of food, seafood (crabs, shrimp and flounder). Crabs especially in the Delmarva Peninsula are served with exorbitant amounts of Old Bay seasoning (a seasoning that is interconnected with crabs). Crabs alone are not a full meal so they are usually complemented with other foods such as local seafood like shrimp, flounder and corn. These feasts have become a bonding experience for people of the Chesapeake Bay, where family and friends connect over crabs. In the poem seafood serves as a connection between the jubilation going on for the characters and the natural world which they are surrounded by. Understanding the culture surrounding crab feasts and the Chesapeake Bay’s relationship with seafood allows the reader to better understand seafood's place, specifically for those who live near water, in the poem and how it interacts with the characters.
In adding the source of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nXV07fKD0o a video about the cooking and eating crabs and the culture surrounding it to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by informing the readers about the culture surrounding the Maryland crabs and the crab feast. By allowing the reader insight into the culture and food surrounding crabs in the Chesapeake Bay, including the crab feast they can better relate to the feast/gathering going on in the poem."]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 19:02:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782654517</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Mississippi, USA - FINAL PADLET FOR ARTIFACT 1 (Nimita Deshpande)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782659714</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong><br>Mississippi, USA </strong>is relevant to us understanding the poem “Food Stamps” because, similar to the area that the poet of “Food Stamps” lives in, it is a low-income state in which a significant portion of the population is burdened with the issue of food insecurity. Specifically, it not only has the highest poverty rate of any US state but is also the “hungriest state” in the US, with 20% of its population being food insecure. One reason for Mississippi’s current situation is the state’s history of widespread racial discrimination and exclusion. To elaborate, Mississippi’s large black minority (37.67% of the total population) can partially be attributed to black slaves being forcibly brought to the Mississippi River Valley to labor in the profitable cotton plantations. Additionally, during the Civil War period, Mississippi seceded from the Union to join the pro-slavery Confederacy. In the late 19th century, Mississippi also disenfranchised black people and barred them from participating in political life until as recently as the 1960s. The ancestors of many black people currently living in Mississippi’s poorer areas were victims of the sharecropping system, which was an abusive and exploitative system that resulted in sharecroppers being forced to work for landowners even after slavery was abolished. Mississippi’s historical discrimination against black people and other minorities is responsible for the current existence of racial disparities in not only income but also access to sufficient nutritious food within the state. These disparities also show up within the poem as the poet, a black woman, lives in an unspecified low-income area and is forced to be reliant on food stamps merely to meet the bare nutritional requirements in her life. Places such as Mississippi are not only relevant to the poem but are also an indication that the connection between race and food insecurity is a real issue which continues to plague American society today.<br><br></div><div><br>In adding the source of <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/median-income-by-state-5070640">https://www.investopedia.com/median-income-by-state-5070640</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including the following: detailed written information about statistics relating to median income by state and the various factors affecting median income; imagery through a map visualizing the median incomes of all US states; and interactive electronic elements such as links to social media pages, other pages on the website, and external related articles.<br><br></div><div>In adding the second source of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_g-X8GNBYCM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_g-X8GNBYCM</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including the following: oral narration on the reasons for the current food desert situation in Lambert, Mississippi (a predominantly African-American town) and interviews with some residents of Lambert; visual imagery of Lambert’s residents, food stores, neighborhoods, churches, etc.; and an external link to the full written transcript of the video. The video provides insight into the widespread problem of the scarcity of nutritious food in Lambert, Mississippi and how it disproportionately affects low-income black residents. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 19:08:46 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782659714</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782666828</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://mobilebaymag.com/eat-like-a-local/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 19:17:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782666828</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782668254</link>
         <description><![CDATA[3.	Detroit, Michigan is relevant to us understanding the poem “Jubilee” because of its relationship to the beloved Cadillac featured in the piece. Belonging to Grandpa Les, the Cadillac is a source of intense nostalgia and bliss for the speaker, ignited by the beauty of sound. While the speaker’s connection to the old man and his vintage car is unknown, their admiration for the shiny ride is undeniable. Detroit furthers this wonder and awe, as it is the place where Cadillac originated. Introducing the idea of interchangeable parts to the industry, Cadillac revolutionized automobile design and ingenuity. Lasting for nearly 70 years, the Detroit plant brought revenue and job growth to the city, gleaming as a symbol of American might. “Prais[ing] the man who had the sense to build a front seat like a bed,” the speaker remembers the Cadillac with happiness (Calvocoressi, lines 11-12). Based on Cadillac’s humble, honorable beginnings in Detroit, this joyful adoration is completely believable. In the poem, the sounds of the vehicle bring the speaker’s memory to life. Harmonious noises of “katydids” and tuba-like “springs” frolic through the ears of my imagination as I read in silence (Calvocoressi, lines 12-14). It is a remarkable, sensory connection between the speaker’s detailed words and the classic Detroit-built automobile. In adding the source of “Uganda” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by exploring the influence of sound in a foreign lens. Named after the “sound they make” in Swahili, katydids are a staple in Ugandan cuisine. While their place in American culture is far from culinary, their distinct noise is a universal piece of their identity. In this sense, sound is a predominant feature of “Jubilee” that can be a relatable basis for the emotions evoked by poetry. 

]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 19:18:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782668254</guid>
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         <title>Fulton, GA, USA - FINAL PADLET FOR ARTIFACT 1 (Nimita Deshpande)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782699171</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Fulton, Georgia, USA is relevant to us understanding the poem “Food Stamps” because it is where one of the centers for WIC (Women, Infants and Children Nutrition Program), the program for which the poet is attempting to apply for, is headquartered in the state of Georgia. The WIC has certain requirements in order for adult women to be eligible: only pregnant/breastfeeding/non-breastfeeding postpartum women who are residents of the state to which they are applying for assistance, have a gross income at or below 185% of the U.S. Poverty Income Guidelines, and have a nutritional risk assessment by a qualified health professional are eligible. These cold, inflexible requirements are aggravating to the poet to say the least. This is demonstrated when she questions the woman who asks her about her income: “poetry don’t ask for a thinking woman’s income | so why the hell do you?” (Ammons 19). These lines demonstrate the poet’s irritation and exhaustion at having to be questioned and scrutinized yet again merely in order to gain access to basic, universal necessities such as nutritionally adequate food. As a less privileged member of society, she knows she has already faced more than enough societal hardships and is tired of having to overcome yet another barrier in the way of the bare minimum for a comfortable life. She is also tired of having to explain her individual circumstances to those who do not know her and simply do not understand. Therefore, the conclusion of the poem represents her rebellion against the divide between the objective requirements of WIC and her subjective experiences. It also demonstrates how the WIC holds a position of power and authority over the poet, which she resents as she longs for her own freedom and individual identity. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of <a href="https://dph.georgia.gov/WIC">https://dph.georgia.gov/WIC</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by including the following: detailed written information about frequently asked questions, qualifications for WIC, and WIC provisions; vivid visual imagery of a mother and her child who benefit from WIC and COVID-19 guidelines; and interactive electronic elements such as hyperlinks. <br><br></div><div>In adding the picture of the young black woman and her child to this pin (<a href="http://fultoncountygov.blogspot.com/2016/09/grand-opening-of-fulton-countys-newest.html">http://fultoncountygov.blogspot.com/2016/09/grand-opening-of-fulton-countys-newest.html</a>), it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by demonstrating through vibrant visual imagery that the WIC cares about providing services to people from diverse backgrounds. However, the poem demonstrates the irony present in this image: the WIC claims to help low-income citizens but also simultaneously places restrictions and other barriers that stand in the way of these citizens gaining eligibility to benefit from WIC and lead comfortable lives. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 19:53:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782699171</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782709039</link>
         <description><![CDATA["Mississippi River: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Jubilee" because no one can doubt the effect the Mississippi river has had on the cultural lexicon of the US and specifically the south. It is the lifeblood of the south. Supplying it with produce from the midwest and consumer products from the Gulf of Mexico. In American Culture it is used as a dividing marker between the East and the West, much like Mobile is used in the poem. Mobile is seen as an important place within the context of the poem, so much that it is used as a geographic marker to the audience. Understanding the reasons behind what made the Mississippi River such a common dividing line allows the reader to relate that to Mobile in the poem. In Addition to the relationship between the Mississippi River and Mobile in the lexicon, the brackish end to the Mississippi contains all of the fauna mentioned in the poem. Blue crabs are found all along the coasts of the Eastern US, including the Mississippi River Delta. Shrimp and flounder can both be found in the brackish waters here as well. The Mississippi River serves a dual meaning in the poem, first and foremost a national example of the way that Mobile is used within the poem and second as a place the poem could have been located based on the food referenced. Understanding the context of the place where these foods are located is critical to understanding the poem itself.
In adding the source of https://www.americanrivers.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/map-mississippi-river.png
an image of the size of the Mississippi River to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the readers a sense of scale to the river’s impact on the culture of the US and allow the readers to draw conclusions about how the Mississippi River came to be the dividing line between East and West. Knowing the expansiveness of the Mississippi River and drawing conclusions about it’s cultural impact allows the reader to better understand the way Mobile is used in the poem”]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 20:04:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782709039</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782710410</link>
         <description><![CDATA["Mississippi River: is relevant to us understanding the poem "Jubilee" because no one can doubt the effect the Mississippi river has had on the cultural lexicon of the US and specifically the south. It is the lifeblood of the south. Supplying it with produce from the midwest and consumer products from the Gulf of Mexico. In American Culture it is used as a dividing marker between the East and the West, much like Mobile is used in the poem. Mobile is seen as an important place within the context of the poem, so much that it is used as a geographic marker to the audience. Understanding the reasons behind what made the Mississippi River such a common dividing line allows the reader to relate that to Mobile in the poem. In Addition to the relationship between the Mississippi River and Mobile in the lexicon, the brackish end to the Mississippi contains all of the fauna mentioned in the poem. Blue crabs are found all along the coasts of the Eastern US, including the Mississippi River Delta. Shrimp and flounder can both be found in the brackish waters here as well. The Mississippi River serves a dual meaning in the poem, first and foremost a national example of the way that Mobile is used within the poem and second as a place the poem could have been located based on the food referenced. Understanding the context of the place where these foods are located is critical to understanding the poem itself.
In adding the source of https://www.americanrivers.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/map-mississippi-river.png
an image of the size of the Mississippi River to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving the readers a sense of scale to the river’s impact on the culture of the US and allow the readers to draw conclusions about how the Mississippi River came to be the dividing line between East and West. Knowing the expansiveness of the Mississippi River and drawing conclusions about it’s cultural impact allows the reader to better understand the way Mobile is used in the poem”]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 20:06:32 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782710410</guid>
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         <title>Aidan Russell-McCorkle - Maine, USA - Final Pin</title>
         <author>ajr30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782729273</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Maine is relevant to us understanding the poem "Savannah Crabs" because the focal point of the poem, the crabs, are an excellent case study in understanding the movement of invasive species and the climate crisis. Though not the same species of crab in "Savannah Crabs”, European green crabs are the focus of this particular article, “Green Crabs are Maine’s Most Delicious Scourge”. The range of this species is originally, as the name would suggest, the coastlines of Europe. Interestingly though, this article cites the date of their arrival on the northeastern coast of the U.S to be the early 19th century which quite frankly doesn’t make sense. Colonization of North America began in the 15th and 16th centuries, so if their arrival here was an accident, as Mile’s suggests, i.e the crabs hid on and in the hull of the ships, the question that arises is why didn’t they arrive sooner? The two possibilities are that this was not an accident, or it was, and some shift occurred in the European green crab population that is not explained here; however, there are many corroborating sources that cite the arrival date of the Green European Crabs as the early 19th century (Fisheries and Oceans, Government of Canada). Additionally, these crabs have not become a nuisance until recently, and this is due to the rising ocean temperature as a result of the climate crisis. The generally warmer winters haven’t killed off as many crabs, which is compounding the issue of the invasive crab species brought about by the colonization of North America.   </div><div>In adding the source of Green Crabs are Maine’s Most Delicious Scourge to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by combining visual and written components. Though it is not included here, the article cited for this proposal contains a great deal of photographs, and that is vastly more interesting than just a lengthy article.<br><br>1 - Miles, Kathryn. Green Crabs Are Maine's Most Delicious Scourge. 26 Mar. 2020, downeast.com/food-drink/maine-green-crabs/.  </div><div> </div><div>2 - Fisheries and Oceans, Government of Canada. <em>European Green Crabs</em>, 2019. <a href="http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/profiles-profils/europeangreencrab-crabevert-eng.html">www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/profiles-profils/europeangreencrab-crabevert-eng.html</a>. </div><div> </div><div>3 - NEWS CENTER Maine. “Fighting back against the voracious green crab”. <em>YouTube. </em>7 June 2018. <em>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqayI4mmnnQ</em> </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqayI4mmnnQ" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 20:29:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782729273</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Aidan Russell-McCorkle - Bangladesh - Final Pin</title>
         <author>ajr30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782733729</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Bangladesh is relevant to us understanding the poem "Savannah Crabs" because the export of crabs is a major part of the Bangladeshi economy, and it can be directly contrasted to the local transportation of crabs that takes place in “Savannah Crabs”. In Bangladesh, all the “good” crabs that are harvested are then exported, presumably to countries like the United States. This makes it evident that even though the peak of physical colonization may be behind us, the colonization of economies by places like the United States is a very important reality for underdeveloped countries. On top of that, there is an emphasis on crabs being an inherently unpopular food choice in Bangladesh in an attempt to justify the sheer quantity of export when the reality is their local unpopularity could stem from the country being left with all the B tier crabs since all of the A tier crabs are exported away. In contrast, we see the crabs in “Savannah Crabs” have a spectrum of varying qualities since they were not subject to the standards of crab export and although not the focus of the poem, locally sourced seafood is undoubtably better for the environment and better for the people compared to the mass crab harvesting seen in Bangladesh.   </div><div>In adding the source of “Supply Chain and Distribution Channels of Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) in Bangladesh.” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding yet another written source via an electronic delivery method. Though a purely written source is not the most interesting, this journal article provides factual insight on how the global seafood trade effects underdeveloped economies.<br><br>1- Jahan, Hasneen, and M. Serajul Islam. “Supply Chain and Distribution Channels of Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) in Bangladesh.” International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 11 Jan. 2016.  </div><div> </div><div>2 - Uttom, Stephan. <em>Bangladeshi Crab Farmers Feel the Pinch</em>, 4 Mar. 2020, <a href="http://www.ucanews.com/news/bangladeshi-crab-farmers-feel-the-pinch/87373">www.ucanews.com/news/bangladeshi-crab-farmers-feel-the-pinch/87373#.</a> </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/675283050/7d35d7f0c97a4f3f7cdd39227637abc4/Bangladesh_Pin.png" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 20:32:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782733729</guid>
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         <title>Aidan Russell-McCorkle - Atlanta, GA, USA - Final Pin</title>
         <author>ajr30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782735286</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Atlanta is relevant to us understanding the poem "Savannah Crabs" because from Adrienne Su’s biography, I found she is from Atlanta, Georgia. According to <em>Strangers in the City: the Atlanta Chinese, their Community, and Stories of their Lives</em>, there has been a Chinese population in Georgia for a century and a half. As evidenced by one of Adrienne Su’s other poems, “Things Chinese”, Su’s parents seem to conform to the culture in the United States even with that century and a half old Chinese population. In places like New York, different immigrant cultures group together and preserve their culture, so it’s possible the Chinese population is spread out in Georgia enough to where that strong sense of community isn’t there. Jianli Zhou points out in <em>Strangers in the City </em>that “relationships between the black and whites have been the center of attention [in Georgia]”, so while racism against the Chinese community may not be at the national focus, it’s still a reality for this community. In “Things Chinese”, Adrienne Su also talks about how her grandparents are “all but defined by their expertise // On the food of the country I was trying to excise”. This has placed the Chinese community in a unique position where their food has been co-opted and accepted, but the people themselves are still subject to racism and discrimination, and the article I’ve included as a part of this pin shows an example of that. </div><div>In adding the source of <em>Strangers in the City: the Atlanta Chinese, their Community, and Stories of their Lives</em> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by adding another written resource showing the lives of the Chinese community in Georgia and relating that to the foreshadowing of family dysfunction by talking crabs. <br><br>1 - Zhao, Jianli. Strangers in the City: the Atlanta Chinese, their Community, and Stories of their Lives. Psychology Press, 2002.  </div><div> </div><div>2 - Su, Adrienne. “Things Chinese.” <em>Poetry Foundation</em>, Poetry Foundation, 2006, <a href="https://word-edit.officeapps.live.com/we/www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/53683/things-chinese">www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/53683/things-chinese</a>. </div><div> </div><div>3  - Otterman, Sharon. “A White Restaurateur Advertised 'Clean' Chinese Food. Chinese-Americans Had Something to Say About It.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 12 Apr. 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/04/12/nyregion/lucky-lees-nyc-chinese-food.html?auth=login-google. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/12/nyregion/lucky-lees-nyc-chinese-food.html?auth=login-google." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 20:34:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782735286</guid>
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         <title>Mt Morris, PA, USA, Hongze Khor (Final Pin 3)</title>
         <author>hkhor6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782760221</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Rising Creek Bakery in Mt. Morris, Pennsylvania is relevant to us understanding the poem "The Sacred and the Bread" because it is one of the only bakeries in the world where salt-rising bread is produced. Salt-rising bread is bread that rises without using yeast, but rather bacteria attracted by a mixture of cornmeal, sugar, and milk heated to boiling and left to sit to accumulate microbes. It produces a cheesy-tasting, but very nostalgic taste for the people of West Virginia. In “The Sacred and the Bread”, the bread is not specified, but it is very likely to be salt-rising bread from the setting and description. Thomas, the author of the poem, is from West Virginia, where salt-rising bread originated and now is a family tradition. Therefore, it is likely that the poem is based in her childhood memories of the state. Additionally, in the poem, the white-haired woman is described as putting in a lot of work (love!) into the dough, consistent with how salt-rising bread is made. According to Susan Brown, one of the owners of the bakery, “Salt Rising Bread requires that you are home all day. You literally cannot leave your house because you have to be so careful to watch each stage and be there when it’s ready”. Brown and her co-owner Genevieve Bardwell founded the bakery to pass on the tradition to both people very familiar with the bread and newcomers alike. If a reader can understand the Rising Creek Bakery and why its owners established it, they would gain background on how important this bread is to tradition in West Virginia, especially. </div><div>Attached is a testimonial from the original owners of the Rising Creek Bakery which explains some of their reasoning behind their founding the bakery. Listening to their voices, it is apparent that they are very passionate about continuing to spread the cultural heritage of salt rising bread much like other breads, such as sourdough, had spread.<br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:05:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782760221</guid>
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         <title>France                Maya Howayek (final)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782765557</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"France is relevant to us understanding the poem "Duck Confit" by Gaylord Brewer since duck confit, “confit de canard” is a traditional French dish which originates from the Gascony region of France. Initially a salt-curing process, the meat usually duck (but can also be goose or pork) is rubbed with salt,</div><div>for flavor and preservative, as well as thyme and garlic, as described in the poem “lift each thigh from overnight caress of garlic, fresh bay leaf, home-harvested thyme” then cooked in its own fat, the dish turned into a favorite in many regions. The French classic is now known worldwide and is served all over.</div><div> </div><div>In adding the source of tactile element to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving them an understanding of finding their way around the duck using touch. One must "lift" each thigh and "caress" garlic onto the duck. The only way to implement the recipe is to use the multimodal factor of physical feeling and touch.</div><div> </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:13:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782765557</guid>
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         <title>Germany, Hongze Khor (Final Pin 1)</title>
         <author>hkhor6</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782767550</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Northern Germany is relevant to us understanding the poem “The Sacred and the Bread” because Germany is Europe’s breadmaking center. Germany had existed as a collection of many different small kingdoms for a thousand years, leading to many small variations in their culture and, important for the poem, leading to differences in their bread. When Germany united only about 150 years ago, they inherited many different breads, so in order to understand the full extent of the 300-or-so different bread variations from Germany, the reader has to understand the country as a whole! Additionally, grains other than wheat are commonly used in Germany because of its climate-- rye and spelt bread thrived in Northern Germany while wheat was dominant in the South. Northern Germany, in my estimation, is closer to the culture described in the poem than Southern Germany because it is much more protestant and is closer to other cultures (Dutch) common among the first European settlers in North America. Many of the first European settlers of West Virginia were German, bringing along their regional breads and the knowledge of how to make them with them. Eventually, they would pass that knowledge down through generations, leading to the white-haired woman making bread in the poem. If a reader wanted to understand the diversity of bread in cultures around the world, they could refer to Germany as a veritable diverse culture of bread itself! </div><div>For further reading on this topic, a link to an opinion article detailing why German bread is the best bread in the world is attached. It delves into the history mentioned here in the poem and also shows off some scrumptious-looking bread! Looking through this article makes it easy to see why German bread is considered the best and the most prolific by some!</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/germany-best-bread/index.html#:~:text=German%20bread%20is%20heartier%20than,by%20many%20of%20its%20neighbors.&amp;text=One%20of%20the%20reasons%20for,up%20until%20the%2019th%20century.&amp;text=So%20Germans%20to%20this%20day,packed%20with%20grains%20and%20seeds." />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:16:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782767550</guid>
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         <title>China                  Maya Howayek (final)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782768658</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>"China” is relevant to us understanding the poem “Duck Confit” by Gaylord Brewer because nearly all the breeds of ducks that are common today are descendants of the wild mallard which were first domesticated in China approximately 2500 years ago. Until the 19th century, ducks were kept mostly for eating, and nowadays approximately 3 billion ducks are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. Duck is also particularly predominant in the Chinese cuisine, it is the main ingredient of many delicious dishes. The most popular dish is Peking duck, which originated from Beijing. A whole duck is sliced into pieces that are eaten with green onion, fresh cucumber, and sweet soybean paste wrapped in a pancake made from flour and water.</div><div> </div><div>In adding the source of pattern to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing the regular and typical preparation of the dish. It is served in a way that it has always been presented and hasn't changed. We get a sense of consistency and pattern when reading how it is prepared. The duck is sliced into pieces, eaten with green onion, cucumber and sweet soybean paste wrapped in pancake.<br> </div><div><a href="https://images.app.goo.gl/gkBmaEAUBuP79Nkj8">https://images.app.goo.gl/gkBmaEAUBuP79Nkj8</a> </div><div> </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:17:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782768658</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782769168</link>
         <description><![CDATA["China” is relevant to us understanding the poem “Duck Confit” by Gaylord Brewer because nearly all the breeds of ducks that are common today are descendants of the wild mallard which were first domesticated in China approximately 2500 years ago. Until the 19th century, ducks were kept mostly for eating, and nowadays approximately 3 billion ducks are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. Duck is also particularly predominant in the Chinese cuisine, it is the main ingredient of many delicious dishes. The most popular dish is Peking duck, which originated from Beijing. A whole duck is sliced into pieces that are eaten with green onion, fresh cucumber, and sweet soybean paste wrapped in a pancake made from flour and water.
 
In adding the source of pattern to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing the regular and typical preparation of the dish. It is served in a way that it has always been presented and hasn't changed. We get a sense of consistency and pattern when reading how it is prepared. The duck is sliced into pieces, eaten with green onion, cucumber and sweet soybean paste wrapped in pancake.

]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:18:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782769168</guid>
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         <title>Greece               Maya Howayek (final)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782771283</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>“Greece” is relevant to us understanding the poem “Duck Confit” by Gaylord Brewer because olive oil originates from Greece. The pressing of olives to make olive oil dates back to about 3000 years ago in Ancient Greece and spread throughout the Mediterranean region as the Greeks and Phoenicians explored the territory. Initially olive oil had multiple uses, such as ointment for skin, oil for lamps, and medicinal treatments etc. Today, olive oil is largely used for culinary purposes, just like in the mentioned in the poem, “it is time for concubine to administer olive oil bath, up to the top and one quarter inch more for decadent measure, four cups of green virgin, first-press, sampled from prints from drowsy fingertips to drowsy lips.”.</div><div> </div><div>In adding the source of spacial factors to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing amounts “it is time for concubine to administer olive oil bath, up to the top and one quarter inch more for decadent measure, four cups of green virgin, first-press, sampled from prints from drowsy fingertips to drowsy lips.”. We can see different measurements used to produce this dish and the spacial element is very clearly conveyed through this instruction. <br><a href="https://images.app.goo.gl/ZciAwyCKSni5nYAx8">https://images.app.goo.gl/ZciAwyCKSni5nYAx8</a> <br>Video: shows the process of olive oil making</div><div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkCFzFvcmpM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkCFzFvcmpM</a> </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:21:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782771283</guid>
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         <title>Extra Pin (fun fact) The Consulate, 10th Street Northwest, Atlanta, GA, USA Maya Howayek</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782777644</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div> “10th Street Midtown Atlanta, GA 30309” The consulate is a restaurant in which every three months, a lucky guest turns the globe and selects random country. The restaurant will then serve a “visa” menu which is this country’s food until a new country is chosen. With this rotating “visa” menu, they also serve a fixed menu “resident” menu in which is “duck confit”. It is a korea specialty served butternut squash, dried cranberries, garlic, scallions, korean bbq sauce and crostinis and is a client favorite.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theconsulateatlanta.com/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:30:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782777644</guid>
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         <title>Marianna, FL, USA -Vincent Bell</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782790505</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The poem that I was given is “Times Like These: Marianna, Florida” written by L. Lamar Wilson. Florida is relevant to us understanding the poem “<em>Times like These: Marinna, Florida</em>” because it is the setting of the poem and holds connection to the history and cultural references. It is clear the L. Lamar Wilson selected Florida as the setting for his poem for the purpose of discussing Southern culinary tradition. Thus, including Florida in our research will only add to the experience of his poem. Florida acts as the main point of reference throughout the poem, being addressed through the rural aspects left over from the Columbian Exchange, or the coastal aspect when certain sea foods are referenced. The main aspects that the poem focuses on in terms of Florida includes the rural context of the South, and the coastal surroundings. The poem addresses the rural context immediately with the first line “In one field, husks, muscadine vines &amp; a sugarcane graveyard furrow acres aching.” This line itself alludes to the plantation agriculture of colonial Florida in which the Spanish cultivated sugarcane from Asia. By addressing the fields of the plantation agriculture of the South, L. Lamar Wilson addresses how the Columbian Exchange lead to the creation of modern-day soul foods. The concept of globalization is further expressed upon by the source “Food, Culture and Energy” in which Sidney Mintz explores the impact that the globalization of food will have on the future. This can be cross applied to the past and present as the Columbian Exchange acted as on of the first instances of globalization in terms of food and culinary cultures being fused.</div><div>The poem also addresses the coastal relevance of Florida by mentioning some seafoods and alluding to a body of water. This occurs toward the middle of the poem in which it is stated “the couple says &amp; set their table with damask, fresh-pressed for a feast of sardines &amp; cornbread … from dusk till dusk, they lull the boy with tales of a faraway sea, buckets of oysters to shuck.” This reference to the ocean and sea foods points to the impact that bodies of water have of culinary diets. Being nearby an extra source of foods leads to the development of new foods and fusions. This has very much been represented with Soul Food as we often see that dishes are either substituted or accompanied by many sea foods such as fish or oysters in the case of the poem. </div><div>Despite the simplicity of choosing Florida, it would be perfect for analyzing the poem over other regions due to the relevance it holds in the poem itself. Being the setting of the poem means that it holds direct connection to the concepts explored by L. Lamar Wilson. While other regions would either be more interesting, or more explorative, Florida can not be discredited when considering a location to study due to the setting of the poem and the cultural significance it would hold.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.ediblecommunities.com/stories/what-is-soul-food/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:48:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782790505</guid>
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         <title>Atlantic Ocean -Vincent Bell (listen to video while reading to enhance experience)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782792550</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Atlantic Ocean holds relevance to understanding the poem “In Times Like These: Marianna, Florida” because it appeals to the coastal aspect of Southern life expressed in the poem. Many Southern states come in contact with either an ocean, river, or lake. This is most evident with States that act as the boarder for the East coast such as Georgia, Florida, or the Carolinas. These states often contain ports and harbors that import and export goods from different countries. Due to the relative ease that these Southern States have access to the ocean, Soul Food incorporates many sea foods. This has caused Soul Food to be associated with both rural dishes as well as marine foods, especially many different fish. Florida is not an exception when it comes to this aspect of Soul Food, on the contrary it is one of the prime examples of how rural life can be fused with foods from the ocean. Being on the East coast the Atlantic Ocean acts as a major source for these dishes that are accompanied by sea food. The poem itself explores this idea by referring to “tales of a faraway sea.” This far away sea could be any ocea or body of water, but as the poem is set in Marianna, Florida the Atlantic Ocean being the sea that the poem references adds to the Southern culinary theme. The poem also refers to specific sea food dishes such as “a feast of sardines &amp; cornbread” as well as “buckets of oysters to shuck.” Due to shifts in the ocean, the evolution of the Earth, and globalization different species of marine life have been relocated. Therefore, the movement of oysters and sardines to the Therefore, the migration of oysters and sardines to the Atlantic Ocean has resulted in these being featured in Southern Dishes. With these references to the Southern tradition of including sea foods in Southern dishes, it is evident that including the Atlantic Ocean would be useful to the multimodal map add a unique aspect by referring to a source of food instead of an origin or the state itself.</div><div>            This pin is further enhanced with the inclusion of the source “United States: The South” due to the source addressing the specific aspects of Southern Food. It goes in depth of Southern culture and it’s history, explaining how each aspect came to be and the main dishes featured. This includes the seafoods discussed in the poem and reveals the significance of this food to coastal Southern States.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:51:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782792550</guid>
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         <title>Egypt -Vincent Bell</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782793841</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Egypt is relevant to us understanding the poem “Times like These: Marinna, Florida”</div><div>because it is the origin of one of the foods mentioned in the poem. African nations are the</div><div>origins of a multitude of foods used in Southern dishes and styles of cooking due to the enslavement that accompanied the Columbian Exchange. African traditions have also made their way throughout the Americas, not only in the South, as a means for preparing food. These traditions, along with foods are rooted in the forced enslavement of Africans during colonization. Thus, a poem focused on Southern culinary traditions and trends would have ties to an African nation such as Egypt. In this case the poem refers to a plant that traces its origins to Egypt, Nigeria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria. The crop in question is the black-eyed pea, and like rice from Western Africa, this vegetable has become a staple side for many Southern meals. Therefore, it is not surprising that L. Lamar Wilson would place an allusion to a plant with African origins. The black-eyed pea comes up in the last line of the poem “They reach for locks of hair &amp; black-eyed peas, stowed away for times like these.” This reference to the plant creates a connection to the location of Egypt by addressing a food with natively African origins. The source “The Transnational Dish of the Motherland: The African Roots of Rice and Beans" expands on this concept by addressing the origins of Rice and Beans. In a similar fashion, the map provides an expression of foods and how the Columbian exchange shifted these foods to new locations, however this expression creates a visual reference to these origins instead of a written on like the aforementioned source. The location of Egypt speaks to the cultural reference of the poem by addressing the cultural origin of foods and how they have lead to the creation of these foods in the South and across the United States.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 21:52:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782793841</guid>
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         <title>Liberty Street, Conway, South Carolina, USA (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782848837</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:09:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782848837</guid>
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         <title>Liberty Street, Conway, South Carolina, USA (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782849784</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This location in Professor Finney’s hometown in South Carolina is where the poem’s main focus, the seafood stall, is located. South Carolina, to this day, face the daunting task of establishing racial equality, a sentiment vividly described by the poetess. The workers at Liberty Street seafood are young African American males who work for a white employer seeking to exploit their labor. The poetess paints a startling picture of the resentment, pain and frustration of these workers endure. We become reasonably more uncomfortable as we learn more about their backgrounds and how the vicious cycle of poverty and desperate decision making put their lives in jeopardy. Only through uncomfortable yet necessary conversations can years of racial injustice be accounted for and resolved. Seafood is a quintessential part of several cuisines worldwide; the white owners’ seeming monopoly on the trade of something so quintessential is indicative of what was once the attitude towards workers of color. Hoarding the stall’s profits and underpaying his workers tie in with the owner’s sadistic sentiments. The city of Conway is also along South Carolina’s coast which explains why seafood would have been a staple in the locals’ diet. The wide variety of fish species described by the author closely tie in with the most popular catches in the city.<br><br></div><div>Additionally, the link embedded with this pin is a video that highlights the variety of catch the Conway seafood market sells to this day. It provides evidence regarding the poetess’ claims of how diverse the catch at Liberty Street Seafood is and also creates the general ambiance of a seafood stall described in the poem.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:10:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782849784</guid>
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         <title>New England, USA (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782857884</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Similar to Conway, South Carolina, the states of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island are historically heavily involved in fishing and other maritime activity.  The docks in Boston’s ports are infamous for several significant events throughout American history, the most important being the Boston Tea Party. This act of defiance grew into one of the most fundamental American values, the value of freedom. However, African Americans were initially denied freedom and victims to one of humanity’s most despicable institutions, slavery. The consequences of this long, unjust process is found the stall owner’s attitude towards his workers as traces of racial supremacy may have influenced his actions. The importance of New England, however, is in their role in extending their support towards abolishing slavery as a part of the union in the civil war. Apart from their historical contributions, their strong involvement in fishing and maritime culture also relate to the poem’s theme. Seafood is universal, coastal areas have long embraced its importance and made it a staple part of their life. The seafood industry today in the New England states is renowned worldwide. A simple example would be the Maine lobster, which is used by chef’s in premiere restaurants worldwide. <br><br></div><div>             The economic prosperity of these states is also noteworthy in the modern market. Many of these states have evolved from traditional fishing towns to international hotspots for commerce. The picture used to illustrate New England, however, paints a stark contrast to the economic behemoth the area is today. It helps us remember the area’s humble beginnings, its deep connection fishing, and the quintessential role of seafood in its residents’ lives. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:21:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782857884</guid>
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         <title>Miami, FL, USA - Hailey Barahona</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782858370</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Miami is relevant to us understanding the poem "Mango, Number 61" because this is where the author grew up. It is likely that this location is also the setting of the poem, and the poem describes his memories as a child. Miami is a hub for cultural diffusion. Like New York, Miami houses a high population of Hispanic and Caribbean immigrants. Because of this high population, there are cultural shifts that occur here that don’t occur when looking at other regions in the united states. This cultural diffusion also plays a role in identity. The author himself disclosed his struggle with identity being an immigrant in the United States.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of </div><h1>"A Brief History of the Cuban Community in Miami" to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing them the effects of cultural diffusion on cities like Miami. This source discusses the impact of high Caribbean American populations on the culture of American cities. This is why in the poem it feels like the author is describing a city in South or Central America rather than the United States.</h1>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/florida/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-cuban-community-in-miami/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:21:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782858370</guid>
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         <title>Cuba - Hailey Barahona</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782863234</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Cuba is relevant to us understanding the poem "Mango, Number 61" because this is the origin of the culture the author is describing. Blanco is of Cuban descent and in the poem, he describes a city with great influence from the Cuban people. This high population of Cubans is mainly due to the rise of the Castros in Cuba. Cuban culture shares many similarities to other Hispanic cultures, one example is their belief in the supernatural. While it is not directly related to supernatural events, the little book described in the poem that helps predict the lottery numbers is something that can be found in many Hispanic homes.<br><br></div><div><br>In adding the source of History of Cuban Cuisine - Cuban heritage and the image of a traditional Cuban meal to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving them insight into the effects of the Cuban dictatorship on the Cuban culture. Many things such as food and belief systems changed when communism was introduced, and this book covers that topic well.<br><br></div><div>picture source :<br><br>History of Cuban Cuisine – Cuban Heritage. (2017). Retrieved September 27, 2020, from https://www.cubanheritage.com/history-of-cuban-cuisine/<br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:26:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782863234</guid>
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         <title>Spain - Hailey Barahona</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782871011</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Music and Bloomsbury book<br><br>https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781350044883&amp;tocid=b-9781350044883-1057&amp;st=#b-9781350044883-1082<br><br><br> Spain is relevant to us understanding the poem "Mango, number 61" because most of the food and culture brought to Cuba and Florida was because of the Spanish conquistadors. The invasion of the Spanish brought new crops and livestock to this region. This eventually mixed with the already existing culture to create the culture there today. However, Cuba in particular has a hard time throughout history starting with the Spanish. Along with their land being taken, the native people were forced to work on sugar plantations as slaves. Then later in history, they were taken over by a dictatorship which again wiped out the existing way of life.<br><br></div><div>In adding the sources of<em> In Remembrance of Repasts: An Anthropology of Food </em>and Memory and the video to this pin, they increase the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing them how memory and changing culture can affect identity. The video is an album of traditional Spanish flamenco music. This type of music is seen throughout almost all countries that were once under Spanish rule. Like food, music is a part of a culture that is greatly influenced by other cultures. The poem describes a Cuban community in an American city, this is another example of blending cultures. Having to identify with multiple cultures is something the author struggled with and that is clearly seen in the poem.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:35:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782871011</guid>
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         <title>Fujian Province (Juliette Hartmann final)</title>
         <author>jhartmann30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782872246</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My poem was Such As by Wo Chan. Wo Chan was born in the Fujian Province in China. They immigrated to the United States as a child, but lost their citizenship by the age that they were able to vote. They are fighting against being deported, while also facing the challenges of being a queer, non binary minority. Chan is both a poet and a drag queen, and they express their life challenges through both of these forms of art. </div><div><br></div><div>They show pride in their Asian descent in their poetry. "it touches me to learn again and again, that this is my body, my dear and only body, one lovely chink in the whole damn night." Throughout the poem Chan continually mentions objects that are yellow: macaroni, dandelion, school bus, yolk, butter, ripe lemon, dry urine, porch light, dull gold, and fried blond. This is a nuance to his being asian. Despite racist undertones, Chan decides to refer to himself as both “yellow” and “chink” in his poetry. Though one can only speculate as to their true intentions behind making use of such verbiage, it could be a form of acknowledging the racism that they face so that they can move past it. Even so, the poem “Such As” shows Chan's respect and reverence for their father. They say that their father “held me like an egg”. This suggests that their father was tending and gentile- a steady presence in their life. I chose the <strong>Fujian Province</strong> in China as a location because if Wo Chan had not been born there, his poetry, including such works as “Such As”, would have much different influences and undertones. </div><div><br></div><div>The source <a href="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474220057&amp;tocid=b-9781474220057-chapter6&amp;st=Ox+bone">“China: The Hidden History of Chinese Feasting”</a> adds to the understanding of this poem by explaining some of the traditions behind banquet/community style eating. In the poem, Chan references their father as a “restaurant” with “splintered shoulders”. This can be interpreted to mean that their father is a provider both literally and figuratively. If the father is a cornerstone of the community and family, the father has a large burden to carry. In America, if they are trying to maintain their Chinese traditions without the support of the community that they would normally have, it would wear them down. Typically for these banquet style feasts there are many people helping to prepare the food- yet Chan describes his father as feeding an entire city without mention of any other figure- not even a mother. I’m also attaching this image of people eating together outdoors in this banquet style mentioned, to give a visual of what this community style of eating was like. </div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474269414&amp;tocid=b-9781474269414-chapter3&amp;st=fujian+american">People Eating Lunch Together in Shanghai Outdoors (1920)</a></div><div>(see pin photo)<br><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:36:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782872246</guid>
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         <title>Central Asia (Juliette Hartmann final)</title>
         <author>jhartmann30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782874486</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Central Asia</strong> is the location of the second pin that I chose for the understanding of this poem, because it is where the harvest occurs. Many of the fresh fruits and vegetables in traditional Chinese dishes come from this region. Chan references horseradishes and lemons, both of which are native crops of this region. Cultural food is often if not always based on what ingredients grow on the soil around the people making the food. I chose a large region of a continent rather than a specific province or city because of how food grows- in regions. Part of what separates different ethnic foods is the specific ingredients which go into making those foods. Americans are often put off of some “ethnic” foods because the ingredients used in them are considered “weird” or “gross”, but this is just because Americans have not been exposed to all ingredients from other cultures. An example of this from the poem is oxbone. It would be difficult to get the average American to try oxbone because it is an unfamiliar ingredient. In some Asian countries, however, such as Korea or China, oxbone is a regular ingredient. Exposure to ingredients from other cultures is sometimes necessary for acceptance of their presence in cooking. </div><div><br></div><div>I included the source “<a href="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/encyclopedia-chapter?docid=b-9781474208673&amp;tocid=b-9781474208673-000826&amp;st=lemon">Central Asia</a>” because it describes the different “Major Foodstuffs” that have originated in this region. It’s important to understand where the foods that are being mentioned in Chan’s poetry are actually coming from, to better understand their perspective. It also helps bring exposure to some of the ingredients which may be unfamiliar- due to regional and ethnic differences. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:39:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782874486</guid>
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         <title>Chinatown, Philadelphia, PA, USA (Juliette Hartmann final)</title>
         <author>jhartmann30</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782876068</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The last location I chose is <strong>Chinatown in Philadelphia Pennsylvania</strong> because the second section of Wo Chan’s poem reflects their mixed feelings being an American. They describe America as a “celebration, so heavenward and wrong”. America seems to be the root of both their freedoms and their troubles. They explain that they “learned to speak English like a quick brick road”. The pressure for people that do not speak English to learn English in America is immeasurable. My dad was born in Germany under a Swiss citizenship. He grew up in Switzerland until he was 7, when the family moved to India for my Opa’s job. From the ages of 7 to 18, my dad lived in India with his family. He attended an American embassy school in which he learned English- which was not his first language. For college, my dad came to America. Eventually, my Oma and Opa began spending time over here as well. I’ve witnessed them struggle to learn English. People will look at them funny in a store or look away from them while they are talking to ask me what they are saying. It’s rude and hurtful. The poem ends with the explanation that Chan’s father knew the words to one anthem only. While it could be referencing the Star Spangled Banner, it is most likely the national anthem of China. Chan is from the Fujian province of China. While a young Chan may have learned English quickly in school, their father may have been too focused on getting by and providing for the family to take on learning another language. The individual words of the first page of the poem could be representing broken English- as the words are strewn across the page. I have had family members that have been overlooked and treated rudely due to their lack of perfected English. To Chan’s father, learning English was the equivalent of “splitting rocks”. Their father seems to think highly of them for being capable of learning a language that is almost necessary to succeed in America. I specifically chose Chinatown, PA because of the history of Americans stepping on local groups. The Vineland expressway was planned to be built straight through the existing Chinatown- a region in Philadelphia where Chinese immigrants had settled and formed a community. </div><div><br></div><div>The addition I’m making to this pin is the video<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQxHBD1FEu0"> “Save Chinatown Movement”</a>, which explains the plans that the city had to build through the existing community. The state of Pennsylvania was going to build over the communities church and school. Sure, city expansion and construction of infrastructure is great, but at what cost can it be justified? The destruction of the church, school, and some homes in Chinatown would have devastated the community. So the people of Chinatown opted to protest the demolition of their community for a road. It got to the point that they sat in the way of the demolition teams to prevent them from taking down more. This historical event reminded me of the way Wo Chan described his perception of America- “celebration, so heavenward and wrong”. </div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:41:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782876068</guid>
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         <title>Kochi, Kerala, India (Sharath Palathingal)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782877911</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The coastal city Kochi, one of the largest in India’s Southernmost state Kerala, has a tale that is starkly contrasting to the workers at Liberty Street seafood. Kochi has a rich history of fishing and locals take pride in their historical fishing prowess and innovative methods of fishing. Like most other cities on this list, seafood is a staple part of the local cuisine and India’s obsession with spices add a layer of complexity to seafood dishes. The species primarily consumed vary by season and even tides at the time of fishing. Seafood is just as prominent in the city’s economy and people’s lives like Liberty Street. However, the life of fishermen in Kochi could not be more different from that of the workers at Liberty Street seafood. The fishermen in Kochi initially had their lives completely separated from people from stronger fiscal backgrounds, however, through time their lives’ have become intertwined with fishermen often getting comparable monetary compensation. It was during the largest flood the state had faced in 100 during 2018 when their status was further elevated. Fishermen unanimously co-operated with local authorities to transport locals in danger in submerged homes. They were given national recognition during the 2019 Republic day parade in the nation’s capital.<br><br></div><div>The audio clip added to this pin is a voiceover where I explain the reason this pin exists in the first place! I referenced a short audio clip from a local news station that was recording the bravery of these fishermen during the floods. This final pin is representative of better conditions the youth at Liberty Street cloud have been exposed to. The results of empowering those young men is surely immense and hopefully similar to the experiences of the fishermen in Kochi.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:43:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782877911</guid>
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         <title>Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, Appomattox, VA, USA, Tanay Neotia</title>
         <author>tneotia3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782884012</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: Sleeping Like Silverware by Devon Brenner<br><br>The Appomattox Court House is relevant to us understanding the poem <em>Sleeping Like Silverware</em> because it was ground-zero for all the problems the South faces in food today. At the Appomattox Courthouse, General Robert E. Lee of the Confederates surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union. The terms of the surrender were actually quite generous, with the Union providing all the Confederate troops with as much food as they would need in exchange for turning in their rifles. They were also allowed to keep their horses and animals. However, the surrender failed to change the opinion of the Northerners on the Southerners, and in the end there was still prejudice during the early 20th century. The North did not provide much support to rebuild infrastructure in the South that was destroyed, and the effects of this decision can still be felt today. Along with this, the government in the South became prejudiced against the now-freed African Americans, limiting them in every way possible. This made the Southern economy tank, because many African Americans moved towards the North, where there were better working standards and higher paying jobs. The food industry especially took a hit because farmers could no longer depend on slavery to grow crops, in many cases they were forced to reduce the amount of land they had because they simply did not have enough manpower. <br><br></div><div><br>In adding the quote from Martschukat &amp; Bryant to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers because it explains why exactly Southerners had less food to work with after the Civil War - the North had all the power and trust of the government, and thus the “Union” made decisions for the South that ultimately gave them the food crisis they have now.<br><br></div><div><br>Quote: <br><br></div><div><br>“Whether it is a question of power relations between the governing and the governed, insiders and outsiders, or majorities and minorities, inequalities of power nearly always become apparent in the distribution, promotion, and denigration of foods and in dietary rules and duties.”<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:49:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782884012</guid>
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         <title>Momofuku Noodle Bar, 1st Avenue, New York, NY, USA, Tanay Neotia</title>
         <author>tneotia3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782890311</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Poem: Sleeping Like Silverware by Devon Brenner<br><br>The Momofuku empire in New York City is relevant to us understanding <em>Sleeping Like Silverware</em> because it helps us understand how other cultures would view the poem and thus, help us understand the poem through a different lens. The Momofuku empire is a chain of Asian restaurants serving primarily street food. The brand was created by Korean immigrant David Chang, and is known to offer some of the best tasting Asian food, but without any of the frills of fine dining. The restaurants serve on essentially paper plates and plastic silverware or simply chopsticks. As a result, one can imagine how Asians such as David Chang might be confused by Brenner’s writing, as to them silverware makes no difference in the experience of eating. They might not understand the contrast Brenner is drawing between sophistication and chaos with the image of silverware neatly arranged in their receptacles against the image of silverware “blasted clean” at the end of the economy cycle in a dishwasher. Thus, the Momofuku empire provides us with a different perspective on the poem. More specifically, if we had read this poem without knowing it was a part of <em>Vinegar &amp; Char</em> from the Southern Foodways Alliance, the metaphor of silverware may have come across differently. One way to interpret the metaphor is that it depicts how the first ten weeks for Brenner in the South were filled with stormy nights, and this may be the way many Asians interpret the poem as many Asians do not associate with silverware the way many Americans do.<br><br></div><div><br>In adding the quote from David Chang to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers because it sheds light on the extent to which silverware was of no concern to Chang. He expressed that his main focus was serving good food, and good food only in his Momofuku empire. Thus, we are exposed to different ways of interpreting <em>Sleeping Like Silverware</em>. <br><br></div><div><br>Quote:<br><br></div><div><br>“Chang writes, ‘We were going to serve good food regardless of the environment, regardless of the paper napkins, the shitty silverware, the fast food-style condiment island in the middle of the dining room’”<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-27 23:55:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782890311</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782921331</link>
         <description><![CDATA[3.	Seneca Falls, New York- is relevant to understanding the poem “Because Men Do What They Want to Do” by TJ Jarrett because of the main theme that is displayed in this poem of women empowerment. Throughout the poem, the aunts of the author stress the importance of listening to their husbands and doing the necessary chores in the house. However, they stress that women should ensure that they don’t become to subservient and instead show the true power that they have in the household through certain actions. This message became abundantly clear to the author when the women’s laughter in the kitchen causes the men to leave the football game and attempt to hear what the women were discussing. Even though the women are seen as the ones doing the chores around the house while the men cook, it seems that the women are the ones who truly hold the power in the poem. Seneca Falls, New York is an important place in the women’s rights movement as it was the location of the first ever women’s rights convention in the United States. At this location, many women suffrage pioneers pledged to fight to get suffrage for all women. This vow illustrated the fighting spirit the women had, similar to the poem, to empower themselves and get what they thought they deserved. 
In adding the source of, “What happened at the Seneca Falls Convention” by History.com, to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing electronic, visual, oral, and non-verbal communication by illustrating the impact of the Seneca falls convention and explaining what happened at this convention through a video. Furthermore, this video helps explain what caused these women to attend this convention, and how this convention impacted the fight for women’s rights in the future.
]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:21:26 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782921331</guid>
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         <title>Pin 1 - Virginia, USA - Hannah Kim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782934127</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Virginia: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Saltine” because it is home to the intended audience. In the poem, Michael McFee refers to two groups of people specifically, “rednecks” and “crackers”. He describes saltine crackers as the possession of both of these groups of people--saltines being “the redneck’s hardtack/the cracker’s cracker”. He brings these people up in the ending lines of the poem to add the most impact: in his description of saltines as a source of comfort, he finally puts a face to the name of those that truly derive comfort from this food. McFee intended southerners to read his poem and resonate with these groups of people that draw their root from Virginia. Redneck is a term that was created to refer to West Virginian rebel miners who tied red bandanas around their necks, and has shifted in meaning to refer to working-class white southerners from rural areas. Cracker originates from Virginia as well (and Georgia) and was initially used to refer to poor white people, shortened from “whipcracker”. By naming McFee’s personal experience with those who share his appreciation for the comforting nature of saltine crackers, he inadvertently reveals his expectations of who can truly understand the message he is attempting to convey: that saltine crackers are a source of comfort.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the source of “United States: The South” from <em>Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia</em> by Ken Albala to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing historical background and thus emotional appeal as the readers start empathizing with the subjects. With the quote being “The South is unlike cultures where the elite reject peasant food such as peas and beans. The legacy of poverty suffered by both races after the Civil War combined with the presence of black cooks (first as slaves, then as servants) in white middle-class homes until the late 1960s melded both cooking styles and methods of cooking with available local ingredients.”, readers understand the context behind the South’s dependence and history with simple snacks such as saltine crackers and gain new appreciation.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:29:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782934127</guid>
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         <title>New Orleans, LA - Ashley Vaia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782941008</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>New Orleans is relevant to our understanding of “Shucking” because of how close the city is to the assumed setting, and because its Creole cooking serves as a foil to the more humble Cajun cooking showcased in the poem. Many upon first thought picture Creole food when talking about Cajun cuisine. In reality, there exists stark differences between the two styles. Where Cajun dishes utilize peppers grown all throughout Louisiana, Creole dishes prefer to use herbs: a vestige from the imported herbs French colonial settlers would receive. In shorter terms, Creole food is to the city as Cajun food is to the country; Creole cuisine has strong ties to New Orleans as a rich French colonial city compared to the Cajun cuisine ubiquitous across the Louisiana state. It’s important to reemphasize that the food featured in “Shucking” is not cooked in Creole fashion. Though oysters are commonly used in both styles of cooking, the family (that we assume to live outside New Orleans based on rural physical markers like Lake Pontchartrain and Hammond, LA) prepares Cajun po-boys, a dish and cuisine known for its humble origins. In “Shucking”, the physical toil taken to prepare the oysters is showcased as the oysters are dragged out of the family’s pickup truck and hand-shucked in obviously worn-down safety gloves. Had author Elton Glaser chosen a more esteemed Creole dish for the family to make, it’s undeniable that the poem’s point about traditional family dining would be lost. Instead, the family would have been preparing a dish largely uncharacteristic of their apparent circumstance and not cooking together as a labor of familial love.<br><br>In adding an <a href="https://i.redd.it/3boew133drw41.jpg">infographic</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering a visual component that distinguishes the Creole and Cajun cuisines as two distinct entities, thus magnifying the importance of the Cajun meal prepared in the poem. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:34:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782941008</guid>
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         <title>Pin 2 - England, UK -  Hannah Kim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782941932</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>England: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Saltine” because its history is essential in understanding why McFee describes saltine crackers as “edges perforated/like a postage stamp”. These two lines are found in a stanza in which McFee uses harsh words such as “pierced” and “perforated” in describing saltines to portray his source of comfort as something strong and capable of protection. He then uses a simile to compare saltine crackers to a postage stamp, as if to tie in the connotation of war and justice between England and the United States due in part to the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act was one of several acts passed by British Parliament to be enacted in America when it was still a British colony, and ultimately led to the American Revolution. By comparing saltine crackers to a postage stamp--an item steeped heavily in bloody history and times of strength and justice--McFee furthers his establishment of saltine crackers in the reader’s mind as a food capable of bringing both comfort and protection. Prior to the harsh imagery used in this stanza, McFee described saltine crackers as soothing for the sick and a natural part of daily life; however, this new tie to England and a warring history serves to instill a sense of trust in the reader that saltines are also strong and able to protect against injustices.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the image of “Stamp Act” from Britannica to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving saltine crackers an ethical appeal as American readers feel a tie between saltines and the country they live in and care for upon learning of the brutal history saltines are supposedly capable of protection against. The comparison of saltine crackers to postage stamps instills in the reader a sense of trust, especially as readers can see a visual representation of the tensions during the Revolutionary period.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:34:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782941932</guid>
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         <title>Mrs. Wilkes&#39; Dining Room, Savannah, GA - Ashley Vaia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782943238</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mrs. Wilkes’ Dining Room in Savannah, Georgia is relevant to our understanding of “Shucking” because its communal-style service is reminiscent of the dinner our protagonist’s family shares towards the end of the poem. At Mrs. Wilkes’, separate dining parties are seated at the same table and are served traditional Southern food “family-style” to be shared amongst everyone. Though this restaurant is not geographically near the greater New Orleans area where the poem purportedly takes place, its strong emphasis on communal dining serves to remind its patrons the importance of a shared dinner. Much like how the family members in the poem all convene to eat dinner together, customers from across the country travel to Savannah to dine at Mrs. Wilkes’. In continued familial fashion, Mrs. Wilkes’ patrons are expected to set the table, serve one another from the large dishes of food provided, and clean up upon finishing their meal, similar to the “Shucking” family’s joint efforts to prepare their oyster po’boy dinner. Meant to emulate the typical family dinner, the statutes at Mrs. Wilkes’ foster an incredible sense of familiarity and bonding amongst patrons. Family units for millennia—think back to the days of hunter-gatherers—have prepared food together to support a collective survival. In recent times, the family dinner table serves as an emotional checkpoint, a chance to retreat from the demands of school and work and talk to one another over a meal prepared in earnest. At Mrs. Wilkes, this communal setting allows for preliminary small talk between parties to evolve into heartfelt discussions and boisterous laughing fits (an experience lost in otherwise traditional restaurant service). In a sense, these patrons—even if only for an hour and a half—become just as much family as the family in “Shucking” because of the universal human experience of breaking bread with one another.</div><div><br>In adding the source of the Atlantic’s<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/11/dinners-ready/416991/"> <strong>Why We Eat Together</strong></a> article to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by recounting the longstanding tradition of communal dining and its unmistakable ties to the human need for belonging and family. It offers rationale for how family dinners have become a ritualistic event for many and why “Shucking” author Elton Glaser saw fit to center the poem around a shared meal amongst family.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/11/dinners-ready/416991/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:35:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782943238</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Pin 3 - France - Hannah Kim</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782943640</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>France: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Saltine” because it explains why McFee brought up French cuisine as a comparison for American enjoyment of saltine crackers. He describes saltines as “the closest we ever got/to serving <em>hors d'oeuvres</em>”, and by doing so, effectively elevates saltines to the level of sophistication and elegance typically associated with French cuisine. Without this comparison, the reader simply thinks of the saltine cracker as a simple snack with no culture or respectability to back it, but in drawing this comparison to a cuisine respected and sought after by the majority of Americans, the reader gains newfound respect and sees saltines from a new perspective. This comparison also serves to delineate the ability for vastly different cultures to create similar dishes, deconstructing human beings to creatures driven by the desire to make good food, and not being separated by geographical location. Gourmet French cuisine also aligns with the American desire for food to be simple and easy, much like saltine crackers are. However, due to both French cuisine and saltines being simple foods, they have greater potential as they can serve many purposes, including being a source of comfort to many. McFee’s use of describing saltine crackers as America’s version of France’s <em>hors d’oeuvres</em> elevates his point of saltine crackers being enjoyable and a source of comfort to people by bringing greater impact as readers are shocked by the comparison they never would have thought to make.</div><div><br></div><div>In adding the video of “French Food vs. American Food” from <em>Lifey</em> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving saltine crackers ethical appeal as readers begin to see saltine crackers, not as the simple snack at the back of their pantry, but an American staple comparable to highly respectable French cuisine. The video perfectly encapsulates the similarities between French and American cuisine that make McFee’s comparison feasible, while also expressing the typical American appreciation for French cuisine’s gourmet nature.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:36:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782943640</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Louisiana, USA - Ashley Vaia</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782945208</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Louisiana is relevant to our understanding of “Shucking” because it is the assumed poem setting and home to Cajun cuisine, the style of cooking that is featured in the poem. This is inferred from references to Lake Pontchartrain and Hammond, LA, an estuary and city located in the southeastern portion of the state. Louisiana’s Cajun rustic cuisine is based on the readily available foodstuffs of the region, meaning seafood from the gulf/bayou and locally-grown pepper are frequently used in recipes. This heavy reliance on easily accessible products is integral to Cajun cuisine, as the cuisine was originally founded out of necessity. It was founded when French-speaking Acadian people deported from Canada were stripped of the ingredients used to prepare their original recipes after settling in the Southern Louisiana climate. Cajun food—the product of the Acadian’s efforts—is lauded for its ‘low-n’-slow’ preparation (think stewing and barbecuing) and rich flavor. In “Shucking”, one Cajun dish is mentioned by name: the po’boy. Purportedly short for “poor boy” and descriptive of those who would eat the dish, the po’boy is a sandwich often filled with locally-caught seafood or roast beef. Compared to Creole cuisine, a cooking style more endemic to New Orleans than Louisiana as a whole, Cajun po’boys are seen as less demanding and more humble a dish like their name suggests. The explicit mention of po’boy in “Shucking” distinguishes the family dinner as a humble affair. The meal isn’t the frilly multi-course dinner that you would find in New Orleans’ fanciest restaurants—it’s the accumulation of each family member’s effort into making the oyster po’boys. They use locally-caught oysters and crack open each shell by hand, and then fry and assemble the harvested meat. It is a meal of resourcefulness and hard work; in other words, the definitive Cajun meal.<br><br>In adding the source of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acy22OziLCI">MUNCHIES Presents: A Short Film on Cajun Boudin</a> to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a visual and oral component that talks in depth about a typical Cajun dish and where in Louisiana is the best place to find it (and as the source implies, it isn’t New Orleans). It is an especially emotional video as the accompanying comment section reminds viewers that Cajun food exists beyond any restaurant depictions may have you believe: it’s a cuisine enjoyed by many in Louisiana whose families have done so for decades.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:37:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782945208</guid>
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         <title>Selma, AL, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782959700</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Jake Sherwood<br>Selma, Alabama is relevant to us understanding the poem “Grace” because of its direct reference to the march from Selma to Montgomery and the poem's comparison of the communal spirit of cooking with family and friends to the solidarity of those in the civil rights movements. The march from Selma to Montgomery is a horrific, but nonetheless, an iconic moment in the civil rights movement. John Lewis, Martin Luther King Jr. and Hosea Williams all contributed with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee to organize a peaceful march from Selma to the capital of Alabama, Montgomery. Not too long after starting their march, police met the protestors at the bridge and drove them back with brutal force, slinging their batons at anyone in their path. They came out that day to join together to fight the countless injustices they faced, and their lack of representation and inclusion in the political process. In relation to food culture, it is important to recognize how racial segregation prevented marganilzed groups from being able to participate fully in the public marketplace. This segregation in restaurants and marketplaces oftentimes forced Black Americans at the time to eat together as a community, in the style of barbecues. These discriminatory regulations also enabled many of the food deserts and lack of nutritional food in low income neighborhoods that still exist today. However, it is also important to recognize how integration enabled many of these black owned businesses to gain national attention after the civil rights movement. In adding the source of “Selma to Montgomery, Alabama”, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by identifying key landmarks in Selma and Montgomery related to the civil rights movements, as well as presenting the importance of barbecue restaurants in the area. The video displays the integration of this barbecue style into restaurants and private businesses showing many black-owned barbecue restaurants that are a landmark of Selma, Alabama to this day. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 00:46:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/782959700</guid>
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         <title>Michigan, USA-Eryn Earley</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783009409</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Michigan: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” because photoshop was developed by two brothers at the University of Michigan in 1987. This is significant because photoshop is very controversial due to the ways in which it is used today to create unrealistic ideas of “perfection”. The main message within the poem has to do with imperfections and how much we see them within ourselves despite the fact that others often don’t see them in us. Photoshop is a tool used by many people today in social media in order to change themselves to look what they believe they would look like without their “imperfections”. However, oftentimes the image created is so unrealistic it in turn causes other people to feel that they too need to change themselves to become slimmer, wear more makeup, smile more, etc. This idea is similarly used within the food industry in a few different ways. For example, food pesticides are often used to make food look better, but in turn make them much less natural. Also, within the food advertisement industry photoshop is heavily used to market food, and can completely alter the way in which the food item originally looked in order to create what is deemed the most appealing or ideal image. While this location does not have to do with avocados; I believe that it has to do with the main underlying message of the poem as it is where photoshop was created- one of the main ways in which unrealistic beauty standards are created. All in all, these unrealistic standards have caused an obsession with looks and “perfection” to be at an all time high in today's society.  </div><div>In adding the video and text  source “Photoshop: The First Demo” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by demonstrating one way in which unrealistic ideas of perfection are spread on platforms such as social media in the present day.      </div><div><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:17:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783009409</guid>
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         <title>Mexico- Eryn Earley</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783016742</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>South Central Mexico: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” because it is the origin of avocados sometime between 7000 and 5000 BC. The avocado was cherished by the people of ancient Mesoamerica due the fact it provided sustenance and the belief that it possessed mythological powers. It was a belief of the Aztecs that anyone who regularly consumed avocados would be provided with strength. This location is also relevant to the poem because it is an example of the opposite of ideas in the poem. While the poem focuses on the author's affection towards the avocado despite its imperfections, but her failure to give herself this care despite her imperfections; this time period was not focused on these ideas of imperfections. This is due to the fact that modern day beauty standards were not a factor, and focus was on community and resourcefulness. While insecurity will always be around, it was not something that was unintentionally pushed on people in the way it is today due to social media, etc. Ultimately, this is a good example because it shows an opposite view/ time then that that is portrayed in the poem. While it doesn't mirror the ideas of the poem in any way, it offers the opposing perspective and is the origin of the avocado.</div><div>		In adding the source “Avocado History | Avocados From Mexico” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering a new combatant perspective to the one seen in the poem. </div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://avocadosfrommexico.com/avocados/history/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:21:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783016742</guid>
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         <title>California, USA- Eryn Earley</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783019330</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>California: is relevant to us understanding the poem “Ode to the Avocado” because it is the first location in the U.S. where food producers recognized the potential of the avocado. The avocado was first introduced to California in 1871. By the early 1900s, growers began to recognize the potential in the food market the avocado held. This goes to show that the growers saw the potential of the avocado despite the fact that it is only ripe for a short period of time which is similar to the authors overlook of the avocados imperfections. Today, avocados are grown year-round in California and are a popular staple in the food industry. This shows that despite the fact that avocados may have imperfections such as having a short period where they are ripe; they are still a very popular food item in today's market. Overall, think that the main point of the poem is to be able to connect this idea of overlooking the imperfection in the avocado, to our own selves. Ultimately, I think that this is the main struggle the author is having in the poem as she struggles to love herself despite her imperfections in the same way she is able to do so seamlessly with the avocado. </div><div>	In adding the image and text source of “The History of California Avocados” to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by showing an example where the potential of the avocado was recognized and successfully capitalized upon. </div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://californiaavocado.com/avocado101/the-history-of-california-avocado" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:22:41 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783019330</guid>
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         <title>South Carolina, USA -- Joshua Brient (Final)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783065531</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>South Carolina is relevant to our understanding of the poem "Cook" because this state is related to both of the foods mentioned in “Cook,” as well as to cultural and historical aspects referenced in the poem. </div><div><br>The two foods mentioned in the poem “Cook” are okra and tomatoes, vegetables from distant places that were brought to this country through violence and that, today, are favorites of South Carolina cooking. Okra was brought to America from Africa as a byproduct of the slave trade, while the tomato was a crop originating in South America that was introduced to Europe and then North America through the Columbian exchange. These vegetables had cultural significance to indigenous peoples in their home countries, and they were taken through aggression and absorbed by foreigners into their own cuisine. Today, okra and tomatoes are staples of South Carolina’s food culture. Both vegetables can be found at dinner tables and restaurants and growing in local farms across the state, and their origin as foods related to conquest and subjugation is forgotten.<br><br></div><div>I was also struck by cultural and historical references to South Carolina found in the poem “Cook.” South Carolina was one of the founding states of the Confederacy and was the first state to secede from the Union. South Carolina’s large, cash-crop plantations were built on the backs of enslaved peoples. Racism and slavery were a part of life here, and it is safe to assume that stories of pain and suffering like that told by Mariah Cook(e) were common in South Carolina history. Mariah’s use of the word “buckra” to describe her master more concretely links the poem to South Carolina. “Buckra” is a Gullah word meaning “white man,” and the Gullah language was developed and used primarily by enslaved populations living in coastal Georgia and South Carolina (Wikipedia).<br><br></div><div>Adding the source of the “South Carolina Slave Map” to this pin increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a visual reference for the extent of slavery in South Carolina. This map was published in 1861 as a part of an edition of Harper's Weekly, which was the most popular illustrated newspaper of the day. The map shows the relative population of people who were and were not slaves -- the darker the color, the larger the enslaved population. On examination, we can see that enslaved peoples represented over 85% of the population in some counties at the time. This shows how reliant South Carolina society was on the institution of slavery.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:48:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783065531</guid>
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         <title>Kentucky, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783073007</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:53:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783073007</guid>
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         <title>Ethiopia -- Joshua Brient (Final)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783076331</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:55:54 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783076331</guid>
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         <title>Ethiopia -- Joshua Brient (Final)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783077154</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ethiopia is relevant to our understanding of the poem "Cook" because it is the East African country from which okra originated. Okra, one of two foods mentioned by the narrator, has been a staple of Southern food and culture since its arrival in America. Interestingly, it was brought to this country by people who were uprooted from their homes and thrust into slavery an ocean away; okra was then passed on to future generations by enslaved peoples as part of their culinary and agricultural traditions (Sprout). <br><br></div><div>In “Cook,” the mention of okra is important, as it is one of the “babies” nurtured in the narrator’s “small patch of something” (Ellis). For Mariah Cook(e), okra provides comfort and pleasure; it is more than just a vegetable -- it is a symbol of culture and home. Furthermore, small gardens such as Mariah’s “small patch” were often critical for enslaved people in supplementing their diets. The food they were given was often not enough to live on, and, as such, these gardens helped them obtain the nutrients they needed to survive. Cook(e) farms her plants as if she is tending to her babies, and in a sense, she is: such actions are needed for her future survival and the survival of generations to come. Okra is a highly-nutritious superfood, which made it an immensely important crop to have in slave gardens. <br><br></div><div>Another connection we can find between “Cook” and the location of Ethiopia stems from  the idea of independence. Enslaved people such as Mariah Cook(e) were reduced to less-than-human, and their autonomy was stolen. Yet, in many ways, Mariah Cook(e) finds an “oasis” of independence through her garden. In cultivating her small patch of land, she retains power and control over something. Much like Cook(e), the people of Ethiopia found a way to remain independent when others tried to infringe on their autonomy. Ethiopia ended up being the only sub-Saharan African nation that was never colonized. Cook(e) and the people of Ethiopia each fought in their own way to keep their independence, even when the odds were against them. </div><div><br>Adding the source of “A Southern Staple Born of Violence: A Brief History of Okra” to this pin, increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a more detailed background of this food and its rich history.<br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://friedmansprout.com/2019/12/02/a-southern-staple-born-of-violence-a-brief-history-of-okra/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:56:28 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783077154</guid>
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         <title>South America -- Joshua Brient (Final)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783081543</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>South America is relevant to our understanding of the poem "Cook" because this is where the tomato, the second food specifically mentioned by the narrator, originated. The tomato was introduced to North America through the Columbian Exchange, a pattern of trade involving the shipment of plants, animals, ideas, diseases, and people (including the enslaved) between Europe, Africa, and the Americas (Green). Similar to okra, the tomato had cultural significance to many indigenous peoples, and it was taken and used by foreigners as their own. The movement and use of crops like tomatoes and okra, in many ways, reflects the slave struggle; these crops, as with enslaved populations, were uprooted from their homes and used to “feed” the needs of those who stole them away. In similar fashion, enslaved people were treated as resources -- or crops -- rather than humans. Ellis illustrates this through Cook(e)’s story of rape and mistreatment: as has been true throughout the history of slavery, Mariah is viewed by her owners as basically a good to be bought, sold, used, and traded. <br><br></div><div>Today, tomatoes are under a negative spotlight because they are being farmed by slave labor in many parts of the world. As greed-for-profit runs rampant, companies look for ways to make production costs cheaper. Often the “solution” is to use workers who are essentially reduced to slaves.<br> </div><div>Adding the source of “The Columbian Exchange: Crash Course World History” to this pin, increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing an auditory and visual history and explanation of what the Columbian Exchange really was. This video provides a bird’s eye view of the Columbian Exchange which allows us to see deeper into the wider trends and patterns of this world-spanning transfer. Through this source, we more directly observe the paralleled exchanges of people and food/crops and how these exchanges changed the world forever.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4&amp;ab_channel=CrashCourse" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 01:59:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783081543</guid>
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         <title>Mecca Saudi Arabia - Lyriel Todd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783103967</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Mecca, Saudi Arabia is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food” because it is home to the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam. In relation to the poem, it focuses on a subject kneeling behind a Mediterranean restaurant, performing salat. Respectively, salat is one of the five pillars of Islam in which Muslims pray five times each day in the direction of the Kaaba. Millions of Muslims, like the subject of the poem, kneel and pray in this direction despite their environment or lifestyle. Spiritually, they can all be connected through this ritual, with their thoughts and prayers all being centered around Mecca. Though the subject is one of many Muslims that have been dispersed around the globe, they still dedicate the time and place to worship, even if it is in a back alley. Through this restaurant, they are able to create a life for themself in America, bringing the food and culture of where they are from. They convert an indifferent environment into a holy place of worship, surrounded by the city and its concomitants. The significance of this place, Mecca, is that no matter where they presently are, they remember and honor where their ancestors and beliefs stem from. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of audio recording of prayers from the Quran to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing insight on the practices and traditions of Muslims and their adaptation to a new landscape. Though they may be delocalized, they can retain some of their tradition by making their own food or food made by people they know in order to convert it into pure Muslim foods. By working at a Mediterranean restaurant, the subject can provide food for himself and those in his community while keeping his traditions alive through his prayer. <br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:13:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783103967</guid>
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         <title>Athens, Greece - Lyriel Todd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783105707</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Athens, Greece is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food” because of its relevance to one of the foods emphasized in the poem, fried chicken. Although, upon first reading the poem, one might mistake this for the popularized American South variation, fried chicken first originated and was popularized in Greece. According to Greek legend, chickens were discovered by Athenian general Themistocles on the side of the road on his way to a battle. They were then breaded and fried to become the fried chicken we know and love today. The identity of fried chicken is that it can cross multiple cultural boundaries and be interpreted to fit the tastes of everyone. The fried chicken in the poem is referred to as “cheap,” yet at the same time revered as something holy. This contradictory depiction reflects the accessibility and versatility of fried chicken, and how it can resultingly be translated to and loved by so many cultures. The speaker of the poem is able to enjoy this Greek variation of fried chicken in a place where fried chicken is already very popular (Birmingham, Alabama) and its unique distinction from the Southern fried chicken makes it special. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of  “How Chicken Conquered the World,” by the Smithsonian, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them to understand the diffusion of fried chicken, and how its multimodality has allowed it to become beloved by many cultures and regions. <br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:14:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783105707</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783106324</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Athens, Greece is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food” because of its relevance to one of the foods emphasized in the poem, fried chicken. Although, upon first reading the poem, one might mistake this for the popularized American South variation, fried chicken first originated and was popularized in Greece. According to Greek legend, chickens were discovered by Athenian general Themistocles on the side of the road on his way to a battle. They were then breaded and fried to become the fried chicken we know and love today. The identity of fried chicken is that it can cross multiple cultural boundaries and be interpreted to fit the tastes of everyone. The fried chicken in the poem is referred to as “cheap,” yet at the same time revered as something holy. This contradictory depiction reflects the accessibility and versatility of fried chicken, and how it can resultingly be translated to and loved by so many cultures. The speaker of the poem is able to enjoy this Greek variation of fried chicken in a place where fried chicken is already very popular (Birmingham, Alabama) and its unique distinction from the Southern fried chicken makes it special. 
In adding the source of  “How Chicken Conquered the World,” by the Smithsonian, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them to understand the diffusion of fried chicken, and how its multimodality has allowed it to become beloved by many cultures and regions. 
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/
]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:15:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783106324</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783106704</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-chicken-conquered-the-world-87583657/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:15:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783106704</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Sicily, Italy - Lyriel Todd</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783108711</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Sicily, Italy is relevant to us in understanding the poem “Salat Behind Al’s Mediterranean and American Food” because it is the heart of the Mediterranean. Due to its central location in the Mediterranean Sea, it has historically been a significant location for trade, and consequently, the diffusion of Mediterranean culture and food. Like the subject of the poem, the ancestors of Sicilians migrated from their Mediterranean origins to colonize Sicily because of its ideal location and opportunity.  Though it is a part of Italy, this melting pot of diversity has created a distinctness from the mainland.  Sicilian cuisine includes fried food, like described in the poem, dried fruit, olive oil, and other popular Mediterranean foods. The uniqueness of Sicily is its variety due to its geographical and historical context; every dish has dozens of versions reflecting the cultural diversity of the island. In the poem, the subject is also migrating from the Mediterranean and bringing with him/her the unique recipes of their origin. Like Sicily, America is considered a melting pot where the subject is able to share his/her culture through the food they make. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a map of Sicily from Britannica to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by giving context to the location of Sicily. Through the map, the reader is able to better understand the significance of Sicily’s location and how it has contributed to the diversity and variety of the island. Its unique location makes it the heart of Mediterranean culture and cuisine. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.britannica.com/place/Sicily" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:16:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783108711</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783153045</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The location of Washington D.C. is relevant to us understanding the poem "Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade" because it is the political center of the America and plays a significant part in the discrimination experienced by non-white races. As the heart of the government of the United States, Washington has had a significant impact in American culture. 
Brought from the continent of Africa, plantation slaves developed their own culture in order to survive their harsh situation. After the Civil War, slavery changed to discrimination, and throughout the 1900s, many African Americans were discriminated against. Stores and restaurants refused to serve African Americans and many public services separated their services between whites and negros. As a result, African Americans developed their own culture and cuisine. In order to survive discrimination, many Africans must have had to start their own businesses, such as restaurants, serving African Americans in place of those businesses that did not. 

However, discrimination in America was not just present in the form of black versus white. Other races, such as the Chinese and the Hispanics are also discriminated against. Historically, women were also discriminated against and were refused privileges that were automatically given to men. 

In the poem, rather than being discriminated by skin color, both the speaker and one of the characters are discriminated by their choice of lunch. Both Splendi Pretti and the speaker’s lunch are singled out to be placed on the windowsill by the teacher. The owners of these “smelly” lunches are ridiculed by the class. However, the speaker himself notices no odor in his lunch, firing back that it “must be [the teacher’s] lunch” instead. 
In adding the source of The Negro Motorist Green Book (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7_cy7uUcqk) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by displaying a first-hand account of discrimination present in the United States during the 1900s and the steps people took in order to combat it. ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:44:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783153045</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Spain</title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783156548</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:46:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783156548</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Belzoni, MS, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783169033</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ayele Mivedor, “My Stove’s in good condition” Pin1 <br>The Mississippi delta near (Belzoni, Mississippi) is relevant to understanding Iain pollock’s poem “My Stove’s in good condition.”  From the poem, readers can also immediately get a sense of longing for family and a home-cooked meal. From these resonating emotions, I can map a path towards the South area of the United States. From then one the mention of Catfish and Cornmeal brings forward a specific connection to Mississippi. This connection comes from the fact that Mississippi is one of the highest producers of catfish, and throughout the united states, they are known for this hearty fried meal and all its fixings. From the main focus of this shared meal, one can sometimes forget the economic struggles of the south. In the Poem, despite the sensory overload of the fried Catfish meal, the poet ends off with a message focused on the blues of singer Lil Johnson and the overbearing feeling of hunger. This can also further be connected to the south and specifically the State of Mississippi. Many in this state love when others come down to the “capital of Catfish,” but the state itself experiences times where the economy cannot provide for the growing need of its demand. And with the preservationist rhetoric, many cannot support much change and innovation. Therefore, a State as beautiful and diverse as Mississippi resonates and connects will with this Poem. Pollock’s poem “My Stove’s in good condition” wants readers to enjoy the poem for its spots of joy and pleasure and remind people of the ever-growing struggle with food in the south.</div><div><br>https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/11/garden/catfish-long-a-southern-delicacy-branches-out.html</div><div>-	Adding the source “Catfish, long a southern Delicacy branches out” (from the New York Times) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for the readers by giving them a bit of insight from the primary perspective of an individual during the late 1900s. Told from a time when Catfish was booming, the author gives off an impression of longing for a meal shared outdoors on a laidback Sunday outing. Then from a background on how local farms were adapting to this boom of Catfish, the author gives us a recipe to take back, make, and try for ourselves. I believe this source resonates the most with the poem because of the pleasure readers can emit and relate to. All the information given by the author in the source is relevant. Still, the most lasting effects come from the emotions that we can feel coming off the page.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/11/garden/catfish-long-a-southern-delicacy-branches-out.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:55:10 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783169033</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Nigeria</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783172234</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ayele Mivedor, “My Stove’s In good Condition” Pin 2<br>Nigeria is relevant to us understanding Iain Pollock’s Poem, “My stove’s in good condition.” Readers can instantly gauge that the culture present in the Poem matches that of the Music and cuisine of the South. As it also pertains to African Americas, and it reflects and connects to the generations upon generations of history and cuisine. The connection between this notion and a Western African country such as Nigeria is History. Ultimately in the poem, there is a strong sense of southern identity that holds to the ever indication of “soul food.” And just as we learned from history, readers can understand how southern cuisine is a complex web of origins that date back to slavery, towards the Jim crow era. For instance, Historians have dated the methods of maximizing sauce and oils towards the earliest west African slaves. So from the recipes passed down from generation to generation, west African countries, like Nigeria, have helped to shape not only the diversity of culinary practices in the south but also the class, race, and multiculturalism that have resulted from those southern regions. From the U.S. history Scene, there is an over-extensive analysis of the origins of cornmeal/cornbread, which is also mentioned in the poem. The text further demonstrates how Native Americans, Europeans, slaves have used the same preparation methods as Africans to prepare maize for the cornmeal/cornbread from that time. From the variety of corn recipes emerging, the new dishes of cornmeal were spread all across to countries like India that mixed in meat/ vegetables. Overall, this connection between Nigeria and the Poem stems from the origins of West African cuisine and how it has brought about different ways of cooking. And to the food and culinary practices mentioned in the poem, this is evident to readers.<br><br>-	In adding the image from the Georgetown colony Library collection to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by sharing a visual of an African culinary practice that was adopted by slaves and southerners in the past. As someone born in a west-African country, I am shocked by this image. This is because the culinary practice shown by the woman is very common and still present and used in countries like my own, Togo, and Ghana to this day. The image exemplifies how history has allowed us to adapt and learn from other countries. And from my knowledge, it is truly astonishing to see how history has retained its traditions and held on to these practices to this day. Overall, this image should help readers get a sense of how southerners and slaves have learned from African predecessors and ancestors.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:56:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783172234</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Haiti</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783176559</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Ayele Mivedor, “My Stove’s in good Condition” Pin 3<br>Haiti is relevant to us understanding Iain Pollock’s Poem “My Stove’s in good condition.” when looking at the poem, through the telescope of food and location, its easy to spot the connection with Catfish, cornmeal, and spices that connect to a location on a map. But if you were to look through a broad scope camera, readers can begin to see a connection with each element that incites a common idea. From the wide scope camera, I was able to see an umbrella of ideas that focused on both Assimilation and some underlying themes of hunger. Haiti became a standard location that I centered on. From the perspective of an outsider, we know Haiti for its delicious cuisine and its struggle with food insecurity. But you may be thinking, “how can these two aspects co-exist,” if Haiti is full of this unique cuisine, “why is it that they struggle to find food each day.”  Well, to understand this, readers can further bring their focus to the Poem in pertaining to the concept of Assimilation.  </div><div>Regarding the United States, we always have, but, as societies began to change and people from other countries began migrating here, we have always appreciated the taste of spices and cuisine of the incoming countries. And even as the blend of countries like France, Spain, India, and Ghana continued to expand and shape its presence in the United States, many were more than hesitant to let people from those countries become accepted into the melting pot that is the US.” specifically, Haitian cuisine has had its fair shares of exclusion and marginalization. Many are open to eating the cuisine from this country, but the lack of enthusiasm in sharing in the culture of their people is ever seldom. This sense of invisibility/hostile environment demonstrates why the country struggles internally with food and maintaining a level of adequate self- sustainability. And to connect this back to the poem, the Poet gives us the connection between a home selling of frying catfish, cornmeal, and the smell of spices and herbs but introspect the ending provides us with an impression that all is not well in the stomachs and minds of the characters.</div><div><br>https://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/miami-audio#chef-creole</div><div><br>-	In adding the source of “Food and Enterprise: Creating community in Miami.”  to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by sharing with readers audio clips of small-owned Haitian businesses in the Miami area. From the audio clips, listeners can hear from Haitians how they struggled with being invisible and their ways of finding recognition. One business, in particular, Chef Creole, in Miami, shares how it's able to connect its Non-Haitian customers to other creole and Haitian restaurants; from this branch, he shares for further successes can be achieved. From these interviews and anecdotes, readers can empathize and communicate with Haitians on their constant uphill battle.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/miami-audio#chef-creole" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 02:59:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783176559</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Brussels, Belgium</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783201792</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Pin #3<br>I chose this poem based upon the use of chocolate in my poem called 'Why I Can't Cook for Your Self-Centered Architect Cousin'.  In this the speaker talks about chocolate around the dinner table and about how the table is supposed to shared with loved ones.  I felt a connection to this because I love chocolate, especially Godiva chocolate.  Godiva was founded in 1926 in Brussels, Germany.  I have since narrowed down my original pin from Belgium to Brussels now.  I felt as though a video talking about what makes this chocolate the best in the world would show you why this was my first thought when I thought of chocolate.  Godiva is among one, if not the best, chocolate brands there is.  Also another reason why this video appealed to me is that you can see just how many workers it takes going into the making process of the chocolate, so why not eat the chocolate with a lot of people at the dinner table as well!<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7w4aUi3WGgQ" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:17:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783201792</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Appalachian Mountains</title>
         <author>nnandikanti3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783211915</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Nikhil Nandikanti-updated<br>The Appalachian Mountain Range is relevant to us understanding the poem: “Singing to Make Butter Come” by Robert Morgan because it represents the origins of a significant, repeated word in the poem. The poem provides an interesting take on the process of making butter from milk in a very detailed manner, with all the potential challenges that may be faced which are seemingly fixed with the simple solution of singing to the butter churn. A repeated word Morgan uses is “clabber” which refers to a form of sour milk that has a thick texture. The word is used in the poem to indicate an unwanted product of the butter-making process as “clabber yields no butter” (6). Morgan also references it as the audience, as one sings “to the crock of clabber” (12), which turns into butter after being serenaded. The word clabber is a derivative of ‘bonnyclabber’ which has Irish roots. The food is common to the South but it was originally introduced by Irish migrants who traveled down from the North along the Appalachian mountains. These Appalachian migrant groups were a contributor to Southern food culture which is why I chose the Appalachian mountain range, the general path along which migration occurred, as my location. The range is not only a path by which Southern food culture was evolved, but also a symbolic connection between the Southern, middle, and Northern regions of the United States. Additionally, I connected the poem to the Appalachians from one of the potential problems with butter-making that the poem suggests: air pressure being too low. <br>In adding the source of  the vocabulary article to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing an electronic print source that readers can use to better understand the geography of Southern food evolution and linguistic migration.</div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.ulsterscotslanguage.com/en/texts/scotch-irish/how-scotch-irish-is-your-english/scotch-irish-vocabulary/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:24:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783211915</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Wisconsin, USA</title>
         <author>nnandikanti3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783216233</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Nikhil Nandikanti-updated<br>Wisconsin is relevant to us understanding the poem, "Singing to Make Butter Come", because it is generally known as one of the dairy and cheese making capitals of the world which directly connects to my poem considering it is centered around the butter-making process. The overall image of the setting that my poem displays is a self-sustained, rural dairy farm. I personally also associate the state of Wisconsin with the same image: a place with dispersed local dairy farms throughout. There is a significant amount of dairy-related tourism in the state as well. Specifically, many family farms welcome visitors to tour the small-scale, self-sufficient food production. A similar lifestyle is outlined in the poem, in which butter is prepared in small quantities by hand, presumably for consumption for the family/farm itself. Many of the operations in Wisconsin are not for commercial purposes and more traditional production processes are utilized. My poem also leaves small hints relating to the setting in which it takes place, given in the form of potential causes for butter not coagulating properly. The hints are cold weather and low air pressure. Both of which correlate with Wisconsin’s relatively low air temperatures, year round, and hilly areas with high elevations.</div><div>In adding the source of the National Historical Cheesemaking site picture  to this pin, it increases the multi-modal rhetorical situation for readers by providing a visual/electronic mode to comprehend how traditional small-scale family farming is being preserved-- a lifestyle observed in the poem.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/733132199/a27e7a9cdf032d256b56fc0fc89cb049/Donna_stirring_the_copper_kettle_1024x759.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:28:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783216233</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fredericksburg, TX, USA</title>
         <author>johnschmidt241</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783216438</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Fredericksburg, Texas is relevant to us understanding the poem "Going for Peaches" because it is the main setting for the work, giving more context to the vernacular, actions, and tone of the narrative within the poem. In any body of work, having a better understanding of the context of the setting can completely change the way it is read, and while that is not really the case here, it is still certainly important to know more about where the poem takes place. More specifically here, it’s very useful to know what kind of place Fredericksburg is; if it is a large city, the fact that the characters are driving out into the country to find peaches could be taken as some kind of message about the lack of connection to the food growing process in cities. Likewise, if it’s a small town, the poem could be speaking to the community that people in those areas have over shared interests in food. In reality, Fredericksburg is a fairly mid-sized town, making it possible for both of those ideas to be valid. Furthermore, knowing that Fredericksburg is a city in the American South adds even more richness to the understanding of the poem. Some of the word choice could be seen as embellished somewhat for a more interesting read, like “I gave up peachin’ for teachin’”, but it feels a lot more realistic that someone would say that in the South than the midwest for instance, where as few personal details are shared as possible in interactions like this one. In adding the source of this local guide for peach farms to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by highlighting just how important those peach stands and the people they bring together are to the community.</div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:28:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783216438</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Fredericksburg, TX, USA - John Schmidt</title>
         <author>johnschmidt241</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783217069</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Fredericksburg, Texas is relevant to us understanding the poem "Going for Peaches" because it is the main setting for the work, giving more context to the vernacular, actions, and tone of the narrative within the poem. In any body of work, having a better understanding of the context of the setting can completely change the way it is read, and while that is not really the case here, it is still certainly important to know more about where the poem takes place. More specifically here, it’s very useful to know what kind of place Fredericksburg is; if it is a large city, the fact that the characters are driving out into the country to find peaches could be taken as some kind of message about the lack of connection to the food growing process in cities. Likewise, if it’s a small town, the poem could be speaking to the community that people in those areas have over shared interests in food. In reality, Fredericksburg is a fairly mid-sized town, making it possible for both of those ideas to be valid. Furthermore, knowing that Fredericksburg is a city in the American South adds even more richness to the understanding of the poem. Some of the word choice could be seen as embellished somewhat for a more interesting read, like “I gave up peachin’ for teachin’”, but it feels a lot more realistic that someone would say that in the South than the midwest for instance, where as few personal details are shared as possible in interactions like this one. In adding the source of this local guide for peach farms to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by highlighting just how important those peach stands and the people they bring together are to the community.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.visitfredericksburgtx.com/things-to-do/farms-orchards/" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:28:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783217069</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China - John Schmidt</title>
         <author>johnschmidt241</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783219348</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Hangzhou, China is relevant to us understanding the poem "Going for Peaches" because historically, it has been the location where peaches were thought to have been first cultivated. While that may seem rather unrelated to the poem other than the connection to peaches, it’s still important to get an appreciation for where peaches came from, especially because of how important they have become to many locations and cultures all over the world. The fact that a cultivated good from centuries ago has become a staple good to so many even here in America is incredible, and as such deserves to have more context behind it. Peaches have remained important to many Chinese families, especially within that region, so much so that a tradition still remains to give a peach as a gift to a close aging friend or family member to wish them a long life. This feels quite similar to the end of the poem, where Nye compares the ripening of the skin on the peach to human memory growing and aging and being evident within our skin as well. Whether intentionally done, a coincidence, or possibly that Nye was able to find the same comparison as the ancient Chinese, knowing that detail adds so much to the experience of reading this poem. In adding the source of that image to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by expanding their understanding of peach farming around the world, including the scale of what that may look like in modern times</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.post-gazette.com/image/2017/05/23/ca20,13,2400,1600/georgia-peaches-1.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:30:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783219348</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>San Antonio, TX, USA - John Schmidt</title>
         <author>johnschmidt241</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783220637</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>San Antonio, Texas is relevant to us understanding the poem "Going for Peaches" because it is the place that Naomi Shihab Nye, the writer of the poem, calls home. She grew up in several cities and locations, including St Louis and Jerusalem, but San Antonio is where she feels her true home is. While understanding the significance of locations within a body of work is certainly very important, knowing where and under what circumstances the writer of that work has lived is also crucial to getting a better look at the meaning being conveyed. Having lived across multiple cultures and being exposed to more of the world than most children are, Nye often focuses on attempting to understand those differences and on finding the similarities humans from all over the world have. While this poem may seem to be only relatable for a relatively small number of people, the idea of getting out with friends and doing or finding something important for the sake of memories is something nearly everyone can relate to. She uses her own cultural ties to convey that message, but that absolutely does not mean only people who have had those exact same cultural experiences can appreciate and relate to the theme of the poem and the visceral emotions it evokes.</div><div>In adding the source of this audio clip of Nye to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by providing insight into the events in her life that have impacted the way she writes her works, and by detailing what exactly inspires her poetry.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://youtu.be/5gDZefjvQ-0" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:31:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783220637</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Jerusalem, Israel</title>
         <author>nnandikanti3</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783221812</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Nikhil Nandikanti- updated<br>Jerusalem is relevant to us understanding the poem, because it is the primary location associated with Christianity, an idea that is presented throughout my poem, "Singing to Make Butter Come". The butter making process which is illustrated in great detail in the poem is displayed with all the potential hurdles one may face while attempting to produce butter from buttermilk. A lack of exact knowledge connects the hurdles with religion to find some answers. The writer includes many allusions and ideas drawn from Christianity to describe some of these challenges. A more implicit example is "evil in the air" and "curses" which connect to Biblical references to the devil and mythical verbal invocations with supernatural power. Later in the poem, one of the song choices chosen to sing to the buttermilk is a hymn, which is a form that is typically used for prayer and worship purposes, especially in Christianity. The most direct connection to the Christian religion is when the writer compares the flecks of butter joining into one piece to people rising from the dead at Resurrection. The capitalization of Resurrection and the basic idea itself both are strong Biblical allusions. Jerusalem is associated not only to the birthplace of Christ, but also to the Resurrection place, dually connecting to both the overall Christian concepts included in the poem and the significance of the word ‘Resurrection' which helps create the image of separated pieces of butter coming to life as a united mass. Additionally, Jerusalem is in close proximity to the location of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, where butter is thought to be invented, as milk was unintentionally churned on long journeys. Although butter was not widely adopted into cuisine until it reached Europe, Mesopotamians still used it for basic foods like bread and as an addition to simple soups.</div><div>In adding the source of the Garden Tomb video clip (located in article) to this pin, it increases the multi-modal rhetorical situation for readers by including an audio/video source discussing Jerusalem and its relation to Christianity overall which is alluded to multiple times in the poem, along with the location's identity as the Resurrection place, establishing its significance and relation to the concept of life and renewal.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/israel/2018/march/the-garden-tomb-where-jesus-rose-again" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:32:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783221812</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Autumn Toms Final Pin Rhode Island, USA</title>
         <author>autumnmtoms</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783239318</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Rhode Island is one of the first states where British settlers interacted with Native Americans. It took corn thousands of years to spread from Mexico throughout Central and North America via migrating people, but once it reached New England, the Native Americans there embraced the crop and were even the first to grind the corn into cornmeal. Rhode Island often experiences harsh winters, so cornmeal was stashed in dry locations to be used in the winter when crops did not grow. Local Native Americans also were able to adapt the crop, so it matured quicker to fit the shorter, local growing season. <br><br></div><div>Indian pudding, hasty pudding, hush puppy,<br><br></div><div>grits—some words for what can be made<br><br></div><div>of cornmeal, simplest food a person<br><br></div><div>can grow and grind herself. (McLarney, lines 5-8)<br><br></div><div>Women did the work of preparing and preserving food for the family, like grinding corn into cornmeal. That role of a woman in a kitchen has been diminished in modern culture, but in history it was integral for survival, as mentioned in “Vocabulary Lesson”. When British settlers arrived in America, they adapted the Native American’s corn-based dishes into their own custom dishes. Hasty pudding was a common British dish made from wheat that resembled a thick batter. Once introduced to corn, the settlers made a similar dish with cornmeal and sweetened it with molasses, calling it Indian pudding. Other common corn-based dishes from the Rhode Island area include pone (corn cakes made from pounding kernels into a fine powder that is mixed with water or bear oil and baked over coals) and hominy (whole kernels boiled in water). Dishes like these of the Native Americans and British eventually evolved to many of the corn dishes such as cornbread, corn on the cob, and succotash we enjoy today. These corn dishes represent the new identity of America: a melting pot of overlapping cultures from different groups of people. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a recipe for Indian Pudding to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering an electronic and visual view into the steps it takes to make a corn dish that combines the identity of two different groups of people.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1016896-indian-pudding" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:44:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783239318</guid>
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         <title>Autumn Toms Final Pin Costa Rica</title>
         <author>autumnmtoms</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783241095</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Costa Rica is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because it offers a perspective on how the corn crop plays a role in a nation’s identity. Corn originated in Mexico about 7,000 years ago, where indigenous people grew maize that evolved from Teosinte grass. As people migrated, corn moved with them, eventually reaching Costa Rica and other Latin American countries. At the end of the 19th century, Costa Rica was beginning to experience an identity crisis. Other Latin American countries viewed Costa Rica as white like European Nations. This led to a further internal crisis because many Costa Ricans are not white. To try to collect and authenticate their culture, the Costa Rican government began to name and document aspects of their culture, including what they wanted to consider “traditional” Costa Rican cuisine. This proved to be a challenge because even though corn was a staple across the country, different regions had different views and opinions on the crop. The Guanacastecan region views themselves in a Mesoamerican context, being more similar to countries such as Nicaragua and Mexico, and apart from the “whiteness” of other regions such as the Central Valley. To oversimplify, the Guanacastecan people believe they had corn first, and other Costa Ricans “learned corn” from them. They also often claim Costa Ricans from the Central Valley prepare corn dishes wrong. People view this as a marginalized group of people claiming an identity to try and “exclude the ones that had formerly excluded them” (Nikolić).<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a photo of Gallina Achiotada to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering a visual look at a traditional corn dish of the Guanacastecan people.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:46:11 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783241095</guid>
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         <title>Autumn Toms Final Pin Colombia</title>
         <author>autumnmtoms</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783241849</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Colombia is relevant to us understanding the poem "Vocabulary Lesson" because Colombians are using corn’s history in their country to help fight for their identity. Specifically, Colombians are currently fighting against the use of GMOs in corn crops. Their main argument is that altering corn crops belittles the indigenous cultures and embodies modern-day imperialism in their country, affecting politics, natural resources, cultures, and the economy. The book lists slogans the activists fighting against GMOs use: “We are a people of corn” and “Without corn there is no country.” These slogans tie corn to all aspects of their lives, saying genetically modified corn is a foreign threat to Colombia’s identity. The United States produces genetically modified corn, and they do so quite publicly. Small traditional Colombian farms grow twenty-five types of corn, so Colombians view mass producing one type as parallel to stripping them of their unique cultural identities. Large Colombian corporations have also started importing corn to use as food for livestock and other industrial purposes. This further crushes the Colombians because corn is their identity, so they believe they should not have to import it from countries like the Unites States.<br><br></div><div>In adding the source of a <em>Science Rules! with Bill Nye</em> podcast episode about GMOs to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by offering an electronic audio that explains a basic overview of how GMOs affect crops and offers the opposing opinion that GMOs are good for growing crops.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/science-rules-with-bill-nye/e/65427376?autoplay=true" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:46:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783241849</guid>
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         <title>Destin, FL, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783243649</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:48:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783243649</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Destin, FL, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783246993</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I switched up my one of my pons from the last time from New Orleans to Destin.  I felt this was fitting as the poem revolved around various sorts of food, including shrimp, and family.  I am from Destin, Florida and Harbor Docks is one of my families favorite places to eat.  They do such a good job with the atmosphere in the place and the shrimp is amazing.  I felt as though my connection to New Orleans wouldn't be strong enough to continue down that path so I switched it up to my good ole hometown favorite that hits the category of family and shrimp.  </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:50:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783246993</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Oaxaca, Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783249974</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>1.      Oaxaca, Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Menudo" because it ties in heavily with the culinary theme of the poem. The poem “Menudo” is written in the form of a recipe, with a list of ingredients at the top, and a list of fifteen steps that follow. The recipe that is used as a base for the poem is for a traditional Mexican soup called Menudo (hence the name of the poem). Menudo is found all throughout Mexico and is traditionally made for special occasions, such as weddings and social gatherings. Oaxaca is described as the culinary capital of Mexico, where various foods and cuisines from all parts of Mexico can be found, including menudo. Various kinds of Menudo exist, such as <em>Menudo blanco </em>(white menudo) as well as menudo which is made with guajillo chilies. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of culinary history present in this poem to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by allowing them to not just analyze the poem and its meaning, but to also explore the history and culture behind the inspiration and structure of this poem.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:52:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783249974</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Oaxaca, Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783253234</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Raghavendra Bharadwaj<br>1.      Oaxaca, Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Menudo" because it ties in heavily with the culinary theme of the poem. The poem “Menudo” is written in the form of a recipe, with a list of ingredients at the top, and a list of fifteen steps that follow. The recipe that is used as a base for the poem is for a traditional Mexican soup called Menudo (hence the name of the poem). Menudo is found all throughout Mexico and is traditionally made for special occasions, such as weddings and social gatherings. Oaxaca is described as the culinary capital of Mexico, where various foods and cuisines from all parts of Mexico can be found, including menudo. Various kinds of Menudo exist, such as <em>Menudo blanco </em>(white menudo) as well as menudo which is made with guajillo chilies. <br><br></div><div>In adding the source of culinary history present in this poem to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by allowing them to not just analyze the poem and its meaning, but to also explore the history and culture behind the inspiration and structure of this poem.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:55:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783253234</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Chihuahua, Mexico</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783254732</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Raghavendra Bharadwaj<br>1.      Chihuahua, Mexico is relevant to us understanding the poem "Menudo" because it is also essential to understanding the author’s connection behind this poem. Analyzing the recipe, it is clear that the menudo outlined in the recipe is the red version, which uses red Guajillo chilies, which are the mainly produced in the state of Chihuahua. The author of this poem, Natalie Scenters-Zapico is also from Chihuahua. This connection clearly demonstrates the significance of menudo (specifically the red variety) to the author. Menudo is a very culturally significant dish in Mexican culture, as it is usually reserved for special occasions and usually serves as the center of a social gathering. Menudo is also seen as a cure for a hangover. In this poem, the menudo is seen to be made for a character who appears to be drunk. This use of menudo as a hangover cure in the poem establishes a deeper meaning of menudo.</div><div> </div><div>In adding source of a personal significance of the author to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them understand the author’s possible source of inspiration when writing this poem.<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:56:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783254732</guid>
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         <title>Northeast, United States || Lauren Wilson</title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783257853</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>Northeast America is relevant to us understanding the poem “Family Style” by George Ella Lyon because it provides important context for the origin of many of the foods/ dishes eaten by the speaker’s family within the poem. Specific examples of this would be certain berries and produce, but specifically maize. There is a long history of the growth and consummation of maize throughout North America, from Mexico to the Northeast United States, by the indigenous peoples living there before European colonization. Farming maize was a fundamental part of Native American culture and lifestyle in the Northeast. In fact, certain tribes had ceremonies centered around maize and corn. Indigenous cultivators created more bountiful harvests by breeding maize based on size, color, taste, and many other characteristics. This practice was passed on to European colonizers and became a common practice of traditional American farming. In the late 1850’s the first hybrid breeds of maize were cultivated, and cross-breeding maize with the goal of increasing yield sizes became popularized throughout the first half of the twentieth century. Understanding this background is essential in context of the history of United States food culture, as many of the practices surrounding the farming of corn were adopted by European colonizers upon arriving within North America. However, rather than being passive consumers, as one would expect from modern American family, the speaker’s family’s ties to rural America give them a connection to growing their own food. In the poem, there is the line, “Jo’s recipe for corn:| Boil the water while you go to the field.” This small bit of information that the speaker gives to us shows readers that the family, to some extent, is growing their own food and therefore has a connection to the land and practices adopted by Europeans during the colonization of the east coast of North America.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.nativetech.org/cornhusk/cornhusk.html" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 03:59:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783257853</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Assam, India</title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783260508</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>The Indian state of Assam is relevant to our understanding of George Ella Lyon’s poem “Family Style” because it provides context for the popularization of tea within the United States. During the early 17<sup>th</sup> century, tea became popularized among the European elite after Dutch merchants brought the product over from China. However, it was not until the establishments of sugar cane plantations in the New World—America and the Caribbean specifically—combined with an increase of African slave labor, that sweet tea increased in accessibility and exploded in popularity throughout Great Britain. After the Opium Wars, the East India Company worked to establish the first tea estate in the Indian state of Assam in 1830, utilizing indentured servitude to grow black tea in mass quantities. Eventually, as production of tea grew and the prices decreased, tea became a popular drink among the people of India as well. Like Great Britain, tea was a defining cultural food product in the United States from the creation of its first colonies, highlighted in historical events such as the 1773 Boston Tea Party. During the 1950’s, when “Family Style” takes place, sweet tea was already a defined staple of southern culture and cuisine. Within the poem, the speaker states, “Papa Dave for his ulcers ate| cakes of yeast… Ruby’s remedy was milk toast,| domestic tea.” The reference to drinking tea not only validates the idea that the speaker’s family lives in the southern United States, but also highlights the family’s connection to stereotypical southern American culture. This history of tea from British-occupied India and the early formation of the United States is essential to understanding the importance of tea within southern culture. <br><br>Image found at: <br>Colonial Office, Commonwealth and Foreign and Commonwealth Offices, Empire Marketing Board, and related bodies; The National Archives Image Library</div><div><a href="https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/museumobject?docid=TNA_CO956_443">https://www.bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com/museumobject?docid=TNA_CO956_443</a>.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 04:01:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783260508</guid>
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         <title>Forest Park, North, Vermont, USA || Lauren Wilson</title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783262476</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br>The North Forest region of Vermont is relevant to us understanding the poem “Family Style” by George Ella Lyon because of its long history of producing maple syrup. In a line in the poem, the speaker says, “Jo drank syrup.” While this might be perceived as a silly joke, holding little importance, it actually conveys some important information about the speaker’s family’s relationship with food. Throughout the poem there are certain references to sugary foods, from pies, icing, “cone of cream,” domestic tea, and jam cake. Common within modern—starting at the twentieth century—culture of the south is the popularity of sugary foods. Once thought to be a commodity in the previous centuries, sugar and sugary foods became popular in the United States once food production became almost fully industrialized. One of the products that became accessible to American households is syrup, which has roots in the region of Northern Vermont and Canada. A middle to lower class family in the rural South (representative of the speaker’s family demographic) would typically consume locally produced products such as syrup, making it the most likely location of origin.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://archive.org/details/MiraculousMapleTree" />
         <pubDate>2020-09-28 04:03:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783262476</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>lwilson801</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783263038</link>
         <description><![CDATA[The North Forest region of Vermont is relevant to us understanding the poem “Family Style” by George Ella Lyon because of its long history of producing maple syrup. In a line in the poem, the speaker says, “Jo drank syrup.” While this might be perceived as a silly joke, holding little importance, it actually conveys some important information about the speaker’s family’s relationship with food. Throughout the poem there are certain references to sugary foods, from pies, icing, “cone of cream,” domestic tea, and jam cake. Common within modern—starting at the twentieth century—culture of the south is the popularity of sugary foods. Once thought to be a commodity in the previous centuries, sugar and sugary foods became popular in the United States once food production became almost fully industrialized. One of the products that became accessible to American households is syrup, which has roots in the region of Northern Vermont and Canada. A middle to lower class family in the rural South (representative of the speaker’s family demographic) would typically consume locally produced products such as syrup, making it the most likely location of origin.]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-09-28 04:03:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/783263038</guid>
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         <title>Iowa, USA</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/812487391</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-10-08 02:50:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/812487391</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/818263604</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Great Big Story. “This Chef Keeps the Flavors of Ancient Mexico Alive.” YouTube, YouTube, 17 Oct. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_-NRMYO1Ak. ]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-10-10 01:53:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/818263604</guid>
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      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/962838635</link>
         <description><![CDATA[eech” by Lynn Powell is a well-designed parody of such kind of speeches. Knowing the content of Tony Awards’ acceptance speeches and comparing them to the “acceptance speech” in the poem could help readers comprehend the sense of achievement that the woman in the poem feels after making an excellent, as she believes, pot of marrow bone soup for her family. While those who receive a Tony Award give acceptance speeches that typically includes “thanking everybody for making everything so possible” such as the director, producer, or cooperating companies of the production that helped the performer earn the prize, the woman in the poem imagines that she is on the stage of a kitchen sink and gives an acceptance speech thanking her mother for providing knowledge about okra, her family that makes her cooking the soup “a starring role”, the various kinds of food in her soup that adds up to a delicious mix, and even the salt and knives that are not easily seen but play important roles in her cooking.
In adding a video clip that recorded the acceptance speech of the 2019 Special Tony Award-winner Sonny Tilders to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by helping them feel the pride of the Tony Awards receivers in their acceptance speeches and understand the empowerment that the woman in the poem feels after making the marrow bone soup for her family.
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         <pubDate>2020-11-26 08:35:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/962838635</guid>
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         <title>United States</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/974528340</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2020-12-01 06:27:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/974528340</guid>
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         <title>Washington, D.C., USA - Matthew Jin</title>
         <author>mjin73</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/978609881</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The location of Washington D.C. is relevant to us understanding the poem "Carlo Flunks the Seventh Grade" because it is the political center of the America and plays a significant part in the discrimination experienced by non-white races.As the heart of the government of the United States, Washington has had a significant impact in American culture. <br>Brought from the continent of Africa, plantation slaves developed their own culture in order to survive their harsh situation. After the Civil War, slavery changed to discrimination, and throughout the 1900s, many African Americans were discriminated against. Stores and restaurants refused to serve African Americans and many public services separated their services between whites and negros. As a result, African Americans developed their own culture and cuisine. In order to survive discrimination, many Africans must have had to start their own businesses, such as restaurants, serving African Americans in place of those businesses that did not. </div><div>However, discrimination in America was not just present in the form of black versus white. Other races, such as the Chinese and the Hispanics are also discriminated against. Historically, women were also discriminated against and were refused privileges that were automatically given to men. </div><div>In the poem, rather than being discriminated by skin color, both the speaker and one of the characters are discriminated by their choice of lunch. BothSplendi Pretti and the speaker’s lunch are singled out to be placed on the windowsill by the teacher.The owners of these “smelly” lunches are ridiculed by the class. However, the speaker himself notices no odor in his lunch, firing back that it “must be [the teacher’s] lunch” instead. This act of rebellion against discrimination parallels the efforts of those who fought against discrimination throughout the history of America. <br>In adding the source of The Negro Motorist Green Book(<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7_cy7uUcqk">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7_cy7uUcqk</a>) to this pin, it increases the multimodal rhetorical situation for readers by displaying a first-hand account of discrimination present in the United States during the 1900s and the steps people took in order to combat it.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-12-02 05:00:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/978609881</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/978636645</link>
         <description><![CDATA[
                Liberty Lane, Conway, South Carolina, USA
               
                Liberty Street, Conway, South Carolina, USA (Sharath Palathingal)
                 Ocean Fish Market - Conway, SC by AroundCarolina YouTube      ]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2020-12-02 05:17:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/watsonfarmsdmullen/Bookmarks/wish/978636645</guid>
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