TRACKING THE SCIENTISTS by ARACELI MALLELI PEÑA

1796: Edward Jenner and the samllpox vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Edward Jenner was an English physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines and created the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. In the West, Jenner is often called "the father of immunology", and his work is said to have saved "more lives than any other man". Jenner married Catherine Kingscote (who died in 1815 from tuberculosis) in March 1788. Jenner was found in a state of apoplexy on 25 January 1823, with his right side paralysed.He did not recover and died the next day of an apparent stroke, his second, on 26 January 1823,aged 73. He was buried in the family vault at the Church of St Mary, Berkeley.

1885: Louis Pasteur and the rabies vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist whose work changed medicine. He proved that germs cause disease; he developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies; and he created the process of pasteurization. He was born on Dec. 27, 1822, in Dole, France. In 1895, while still working part time at his lab, he suffered the first of a final series of strokes. Louis Pasteur died on Sept. 28, 1895. His last words were, “One must work; one must work, I have done what I could.”

For more information, visit Louis Pasteur: Biography & Quotes | Live Science

1955: Jonas Salk and the polio vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Jonas Salk was an American physician and medical researcher who discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. Salk also wrote several books on philosophical topics. His works include Man Unfolding (1972) and The Survival of the Wisest (1973), which he co-wrote with son Jonathan.Salk died of heart failure on June 23, 1995, at his home in La Jolla, California.

1954: Albert Sabin and the oral polio vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Albert Sabin was a Polish-American medical researcher and microbiologist best known for developing the oral polio vaccine, which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease. In 1969–72, he served as the president of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. He was born in Białystok, Russian Empire, now Poland. Sabin refused to patent his vaccine, waiving commercial exploitation by pharmaceutical industries, so that the low price would guarantee a more extensive spread of the treatment. Sabin also isolated the B virus, conducted research that led to the development of vaccines for sandfly fever and dengue, studied how immunity to viruses is developed, investigated viruses that affect the nervous system, and studied the role of viruses in cancer. He died on March 3, 1993 in Washington, D.C., U.S.

For more information visit: Albert Bruce Sabin | American Microbiologist & Vaccine Developer | Britannica

1981: Michiaki Takahashi and the chickenpox vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Michiaki Takahashi was a Japanese virologist, best known for inventing the first chickenpox vaccine. Born at Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan, on February 17, 1928. He got experience caring for his 3-year-old son after the boy contracted chickenpox led him to develop a vaccine for the virus that is now used all over the world, died on Monday in Osaka, Japan. He was 85. The cause was heart failure

For more information, visit: Michiaki Takahashi, 85, Who Tamed Chickenpox, Dies - The New York Times (nytimes.com )

2006: Ian Frazer and the VPH vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Ian Frazer is an Australian scientist known for developing the HPV vaccine. He was born on January 6, 1953 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish-Australian immunologist, whose research led to the development of a vaccine against the strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) that cause most cervical cancers. In February 2014, it was announced that Frazer's new vaccine against genital herpes has passed human safety trials in a trial of 20 Australians. The vaccine is designed to prevent new infections.

For more information, visit: Ian Frazer | Biography & Facts | Britannica

2008: Rino Rappuoli and the meningococo vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Rino Rappuoli was born on 4 August 1952. He is an Italian immunologist. He is the head of vaccine research and development (R&D) at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccines. Previously, he has served as visiting scientist at Rockefeller University and Harvard Medical School and held roles at Sclavo, Vaccine Research and CSO, Chiron Corporation, and Novartis Vaccinesis. He developed conjugate vaccines to fight meningitis. In 2017 he received the European Inventor Award 2017 in the category of "Lifetime achievement" by the European Patent Office.

For more information, vist: Rino Rappuoli, PhD | Kasper Laboratory (harvard.edu )

2003: Albert Calmette anmd the tuberculosis vaccine

02092800122 — 2024-09-25 13:39:56 UTC

Albert Calmette Albert Calmette was born on July 12, 1863, in Nice, France. He died on Oct. 29, 1933 in Paris. He was a French bacteriologist, pupil of Louis Pasteur, and codeveloper with Camille Guérin of the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). He also described a diagnostic test for tuberculosis, known as Calmette’s reaction.

For more information, visit Albert Calmette | Vaccine Developer, Tuberculosis Researcher & Pasteur Institute Director | Britannica

Escuela Normal Superior del Estado de México, Natalia Carrasco MZ 028, Federal, Toluca de Lerdo, Méx.

barcenasmariana_a1 — 2024-09-29 04:25:27 UTC

What process was created to sterilize any liquid?