https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt Age of Enlightenment Thinkers en-us 2020-09-08 17:07:55 UTC 2020-09-15 14:08:27 UTC hello@padlet.com dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/728299098 Thomas Hobbes was a 16th century English Philosopher, Scientist, and Historian, most famous for his book Leviathan, in which he frames his influential Social Contract Theory. He believed that in our natural, ungoverned state, mankind was violent and selfish. He believed strongly in Materialism, the idea that only material objects are real, and was greatly influenced by many famous philosophers including Plato, Aristotle, and Niccolo Machiavelli.]]> 2020-09-08 17:18:19 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/728299098 dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/728336038 Hobbes was born April 5th, 1588, in Westport, Wiltshire, in England. His father was a vicar (type of priest) at a small local church. After fighting a man on the steps of his own church, he abandoned his children and left them to his brother. At the age of four Hobbes was sent to school. At fifteen, he was taking a Traditional Arts degree at Magdalen Hall, at the University of Oxford.]]> 2020-09-08 17:24:42 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/728336038 dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/728434740 After graduating from Oxford, he was employed by the wealthy aristocratic family Cavendish. He was employed as a tutor for young William Cavendish, who was later to become the second earl of Devonshire. He served the family as a translator, traveling companion, keeper of accounts, representative, political adviser, and scientific collaborator. Through his employment by William Cavendish and his heirs, Hobbes became closely associated the royalist side of the rising tension between the king and the parliament, which later escalated into the English Civil War.]]> 2020-09-08 17:42:41 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/728434740 dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/736099069 Throughout his employment by the branches of the Cavendish family Hobbes scientific, political, theological, and philosophical interest were greatly nourished. He met many intellectuals during his many escapades as a traveling companion of the Devonshires. He was involved in many intellectual circles throughout England, including one further abroad in Paris headed by Marin Mersenne. Hobbes was very interested in politics, and had large amounts of exposure even before he became a student of political philosophy. Young William Cavendish was a member of the parliament, and Hobbes would have observed many parliamentary debates. When the parliament and the king began arguments about how much power the king had in exceptional circumstances, specifically in regards to raising money for armies, Hobbes wrote a treatise defending the king, which would later be published without his authorization and become his first work of political philosophy.]]> 2020-09-10 17:16:33 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/736099069 dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/736221889 Hobbes did not take scientific interest until his middle life while under the employment of the Cavendishes. He had no previous schooling in math or science, but he was still influenced by the scientifically and mathematically minded Wellbeck Cavendishes. He supposedly came upon a work by Euclid while in a study, and fell in love with geometry. Later on once he had gained more knowledge, he began the study of optics(the way light moves and interacts with matter) and claimed to have pioneered the subject. In Mersenne's circle he was taken very seriously as a theorist of ethics, politics, and optics, and was even considered competent in math by many of the groups revered mathematicians.]]> 2020-09-10 17:38:48 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/736221889 dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/745053540 When England entered a period of turmoil and strife in 1640, Hobbes fled to Paris where he spent his time with Mersenne's circle. He later met the exiled young prince of Wales, later to become Charles II, and agreed to teach him mathematics.]]> 2020-09-14 17:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/745053540 dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/745084942 One of Hobbes greatest works is the Social Contract. In it, he outlines an agreement between people and a government system, in which the people agree to give up their rights in exchange for ensured safety. He believed that without this Social Contract or political system, mankind would revert to a State of Nature in which he considers us to be selfish and violent and our conflict would eventually escalate into a "A war of every man against every man." as he puts it. His views on the State of Nature are very different from the views of Locke and Rousseau, the other two philosophers who contributed their ideals to the State of Nature theory. While Locke and Rousseau's State of Nature theories took a more romanticized look at mankind, believing that in the state of nature we would come together and cooperate, and that government should have limited power, Hobbes gravitated towards the ideas of complete monarchy, and that without it humans would die out from wars amongst themselves.]]> 2020-09-14 17:34:17 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/745084942 dagnanjt https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/747833271 Leviathan is considered to be one Hobbes greatest works. Written during the English Civil War, Hobbes uses it to outline his Social Contract, the agreement between the people and an absolute sovereign as to avoid civil war and the State of Nature that Hobbes believed in. The name is derived from the biblical sea monster Leviathan.]]> 2020-09-15 13:59:30 UTC https://padlet.com/dagnanjt/i0vdcr6fpzofu2tt/wish/747833271