Interpreting Brain Scans by Christina Daughtry https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb Made with some serious brain power en-us 2022-01-28 13:45:56 UTC 2022-02-08 20:05:52 UTC hello@padlet.com Your group will choose a disorder You should find a brain scan of a "normal" brain and a brain scan of the "abnormal" brain to investigate. Please let me know what you and your small group have chosen to investigate and I will add your topic to this Padlet board. I do not want any topics/scan types to be duplicated so make sure to let me know once you have made your decision. I want you to post the following on the Padlet board under your category I create for you: a. "normal" brain scan for the type of scan you are using b. "abnormal" scan of the same type showing the disorder you are looking at c. comment about the differences between the scans; which parts of the brain appear different; how will these differences most likely affect the behavior and mental processes of the patient? daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033891717 2022-02-07 19:11:32 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033891717 Grady and Spencer daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033897178 2022-02-07 19:13:56 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033897178 Maria, Ella, JK, Anabelle daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033900936 2022-02-07 19:14:55 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033900936 Sarah, Grace, Riya daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033905493 2022-02-07 19:16:43 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033905493 Maddie, Lilia, Alaura, Nadia daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033906126 2022-02-07 19:17:00 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033906126 Emily, Leslie, Kendle, Aryana daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033908672 2022-02-07 19:18:09 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033908672 Yessica, Sydney, Ryan, Victoria, Carlina, Carolyn daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033909874 2022-02-07 19:18:40 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033909874 Izzy, MaryAnn, Catie, Eliza, Alexa, Claire daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033914358 2022-02-07 19:20:36 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033914358 Tyler, Helen, Lilly, Alice daughtc1 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033918161 2022-02-07 19:22:09 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033918161 MRI https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033924093 2022-02-07 19:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033924093 PET schoolerk18781 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033924615 2022-02-07 19:25:10 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033924615 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033925016 2022-02-07 19:25:22 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033925016 MRI https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033925998 2022-02-07 19:25:52 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033925998 Abnormal MRI Scan https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033926329 2022-02-07 19:26:01 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033926329 Normal MRI Scan https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033926707 2022-02-07 19:26:12 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033926707 schoolerk18781 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033926749 - Less overall activity in the depressed brain
-Decreased activity in the temporal lobe, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala]]> 2022-02-07 19:26:13 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033926749 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033927341 2022-02-07 19:26:27 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033927341 Short Term Behavioral Effects https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033930389 Alcohol has a profound effect on the complex structures of the brain. Short term, it blocks chemical signals between brain cells (called neurons), leading to the common immediate symptoms of intoxication, including impulsive behavior, slurred speech, poor memory, and slowed reflexes.]]> 2022-02-07 19:27:53 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033930389 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033930550 Psychologists are able to add color to MRIs to enhance the visual aspect.]]> 2022-02-07 19:27:56 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033930550 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033931222 2022-02-07 19:28:14 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033931222 NadiaDaCosta https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033932114 Differences: Hyperactive amygdala and prefrontal cortex in PTSD brain, as well as reduction in the size of hippocampus in disordered brain compared to a normal brain.

The parts of the brain that appear different are the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the prefrontal cortex. The difference in the amygdala through its hyperactivity will led to the individual living in a constant state of detecting and processing threats since its function is the emotional center of an individual. Similarly, in the hippocampus, stress damaging it caused by PTSD will lead to a smaller hippocampus and impaired memory. Lastly, the prefrontal cortex in its hyperactive state will lead to the individual constantly processing fear, which is due to the function of the prefrontal cortex working to plan complex functions.]]> 2022-02-07 19:28:37 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033932114 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033932217 2022-02-07 19:28:40 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033932217 MRI https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033933159 more function in organization centers
high frontal lobe engagement]]> 2022-02-07 19:29:06 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033933159 Explanation https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033933707 Based on the pictures, we can see that brains with bipolar disorder show a deficit in the amount of gray matter within the brain. The greatest deficits were found in the frontal and temporal regions, which are parts of the brain that control inhibition and motivation.]]> 2022-02-07 19:29:19 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2033933707 schoolerk18781 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036363493 Changes in the frontal lobe and hippocampus could contribute to impaired thinking, judgement, memory, and emotional regulation. The temporal lobe, which includes the amygdala, is associated with emotional regulation and mood.The effects of depression on the amygdala may lead to disturbances of emotional behavior, such as trouble responding to fearful stimuli, controlling aggression, and processing strong emotions. ]]> 2022-02-08 19:37:42 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036363493 Treatment plans schoolerk18781 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036369312 -Effective treatment varies by individual
-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) can help certain people by affecting the frontal cortex. It increases levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a chemical messenger believed to act as a mood stabilizer.
-Those with dysfunction in other regions of the brain may benefit from a medication that interacts with another brain chemical ]]> 2022-02-08 19:40:21 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036369312 famous individuals with the disorder https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036371690
  • Andrés Leonardo Achipiz.
  • Mehmet Ali Ağca.
  • Rodney Alcala.
  • Fredy Armando Valencia.
  • Benjamin Atkins.
  • John Ausonius.

    • ]]>     2022-02-08 19:41:35 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036371690     treatment plans https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036374130 there is no set treatment, however therapies such as pyschotherapy and medications such as antidepressants like sertraline and fluoxetine, antipsychotics like risperidone and quetiapine, and mood stabilizers such as lithium and carbamazepine. psychotherapy is a type of counseling that focuses on changing a persons thinking and behavior.]]> 2022-02-08 19:42:48 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036374130 Long Term Behavioral Effects https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036375447 Long term, multiple studies have found a link between excessive alcohol use and damaged brain function, resulting in such conditions as dementia, deficits in learning and memory, mental disorders, and other cognitive damage. Without intervention, the brain can be permanently impaired by chronic alcohol use. 

    ]]>     2022-02-08 19:43:20 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036375447     Famous Individuals schoolerk18781 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036377871 -Ellen DeGeneres
    -Lady Gaga
    -Tyler Joseph
    -Eminem
    -Demi Lovato
    -Britney Spears
    -Brad Pitt
    -Michelle Obama
    -Kanye West
    -Justin Bieber]]>     2022-02-08 19:44:15 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036377871     C https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036379485 -there is reduced hippocampal and thalamic regions 
    -there is an increase in the volume of the globus pallidus ]]>     2022-02-08 19:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036379485     Parts of the brain affected https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036380460 The frontal lobe has more activity which deals with the higher level executive functions such as the capacity to plan. This means that people with OCD spend a lot of time planning and exhibiting higher-level executive functions. The cerebellum has more activity which deals with commands with motor functions. OCD often leads people to have compulsions where they must complete a motor function in order to fulfill their urges. ]]> 2022-02-08 19:45:30 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036380460 Famous People with PTSD https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036380973 1.) Ariana Grande 
    2.)Barbra Streisand 
    3.)Alanis Morissette
    4.)Lady Gaga 
    5.)Oprah Winfrey

    ]]>     2022-02-08 19:45:45 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036380973     Famous Individuals with the Disorder https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036383218 Famous individuals who have had problems with alcohol:
    - Ben Affleck
    -  Michael Phelps
    - Zac Efron
    - Kat Von D]]>     2022-02-08 19:46:49 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036383218     D - Changes in Behavior https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036385925 When schizophrenia is active, symptoms can include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, trouble with thinking and lack of motivation.]]> 2022-02-08 19:48:02 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036385925 Changes in behaviour https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036386371 OCD makes you act on compuslive urges to ease stress. These urges are hard to get rid of, even when acting on them, leading to repetitive behaviour. OCD often gives people intrusive thoughts that they have trouble ignoring. ]]> 2022-02-08 19:48:15 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036386371 How PTSD Affects behavior https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036386906 -Have intense/ disturbing thoughts and feelings
    -Could lead to abusing alcohol and drugs
    -Intense phases of anxiety and or depression
    -People try not to feel emotions, may become distant, and try to block painful memories]]>     2022-02-08 19:48:29 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036386906     Changes in Behavior https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036388017 This disorder behavior includes lack of empathy, aggressiveness, impulsiveness, and unnecessary risk-taking. ]]> 2022-02-08 19:48:59 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036388017 Types of Treatment https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036388712 Behavioral Treatments
    Behavioral treatments are aimed at changing drinking behavior through counseling. They are led by health professionals and supported by studies showing they can be beneficial.

    Medications
    Three medications are currently approved in the United States to help people stop or reduce their drinking and prevent relapse. They are prescribed by a primary care physician or other health professional and may be used alone or in combination with counseling.
    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved three medications for treating alcohol dependence, and others are being tested to determine whether they are effective. Naltrexone can help people reduce heavy drinking.
    Acamprosate makes it easier to maintain abstinence. Disulfiram blocks the breakdown (metabolism) of alcohol by the body, causing unpleasant symptoms such as nausea and flushing of the skin. Those unpleasant effects can help some people avoid drinking while taking disulfiram. It is important to remember that not all people will respond to medications, but for a subset of individuals, they can be an important tool in overcoming alcohol dependence.


    Mutual-Support Groups
    Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other 12-step programs provide peer support for people quitting or cutting back on their drinking. Combined with treatment led by health professionals, mutual-support groups can offer a valuable added layer of support. Due to the anonymous nature of mutual-support groups, it is difficult for researchers to determine their success rates compared with those led by health professionals.

    These treatments work by reducing peoples interactions with alcohol and thus decreasing their urges to divulge back into alcoholic ways.

    ]]>     2022-02-08 19:49:16 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036388712     Regions Affected https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036390351 The Cerebellum is affected, an area of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and perhaps even some forms of learning, appears to be particularly sensitive to the effects of thiamine deficiency and is the region most frequently damaged in association with chronic alcohol consumption.]]> 2022-02-08 19:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036390351 Famous Individuals with OCD https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036390564 Leonardo Dicaprio, Katy Perry, Fiona Apple, David Beckham, Justin Timberlake, Nicolas Cage, Donald Trump]]> 2022-02-08 19:50:13 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036390564 Difference between the scans https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036391031
    An abnormal brain MRI means that the scan does not show a healthy brain. The scanned image may show structural damages that may indicate injury but also lesions, inflammation, swelling, and bleeding. However, a typical MRI scan uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves and a computer to produce detailed pictures of the inside of your body. It may be used to help diagnose or monitor treatment for a variety of conditions within the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.]]>     2022-02-08 19:50:28 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036391031     signs and symptoms clairemedley03 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036391157
  • Be physically aggressive.
  • Behave recklessly.
  • Blame others for their problems.
  • Break the law.
  • Destroy property.
  • Manipulate or deceive others.
  • Show no remorse for hurtful actions.

    • ]]>     2022-02-08 19:50:31 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036391157     causes clairemedley03 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036393115 there is no specific cause but the following things my increase ones risk
    • Biology: People with ASPD may have unusual levels of serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical in the brain that regulates our mood and feelings of happiness.
    • Environment: Trauma or abuse early in childhood increases the risk of developing ASPD later in life.
    • Genetics: There may be some genetics factors that can predispose some individuals to develop ASPD. However, there is no one genetic factor that is thought to be responsible for the condition.
    • Lifestyle: About half of people with ASPD also have problems with drug or alcohol abuse.
    • Sex: Men are more likely than women to develop ASPD.


    ]]>     2022-02-08 19:51:31 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036393115     is it common? clairemedley03 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036394663 research suggests that it affects about 1-4% of people in the US. ]]> 2022-02-08 19:52:20 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036394663 F https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036394785 treatments: medications and psychosocial therapy
    -medications control symtoms by affecting the brain neurotransmitter 
    -therapy helps the patient learn to live more independently

    ]]>     2022-02-08 19:52:24 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036394785     Differences and Regions Affected https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036396261 The bipolar brain has grey matter reductions in frontal brain regions involved in self control while sensual and visual regions are normal.]]> 2022-02-08 19:53:07 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036396261 https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1qbwCzAxv2S_7bcOnxlSCzkttmAAHBH2zsNa-TOMDrVA/edit?usp=sharing https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036402524 2022-02-08 19:56:24 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036402524 OCD Treatments https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036402820 CBT Cognitive behavioral therapy: This works because it uses it uses ERP (exposure and response prevention) where you gradually expose yourself to a feared obsession or object. This leads you to build up a tolerance for the things you fear. 
    SSRI's- These medications help OCD symptoms by increasing the levels of a chemical involved with serotonin in your brain which may lead to a decrease in the severity of symptoms]]>     2022-02-08 19:56:33 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036402820     Changes in Behavior and mental processes https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036403581 Essentially, a person with bipolar disorder has a period where they are very happy to an extreme extent, also known as being manic. Other times they are very depressed and struggle with becoming happy again. Some triggers for them are sleep deprivation, altercations with loved ones, alcohol and drug misuse, antidepressants, a change in seasons and also pregnancy. ]]> 2022-02-08 19:56:55 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036403581 Famous People with Disorder https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036405689 People with the disorder include Demi Lovato, Frank Sinatra, Mel Gibson and Bebe Rexha. ]]> 2022-02-08 19:58:04 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036405689 E https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036411820 About 1% of the general population has Schizophrenia. It affects people from all different walks of life. 

    Vincent Van Gogh, famous Post-Impressionist Dutch painter, was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Van Gogh lived in a time when schizophrenia had not yet been identified as a disorder, but many medical professionals today believe Van Gogh suffered from it. His unstable moods along with his eccentric personality led over 100 doctors to hypothesize a posthumous diagnoses. Van Gogh underwent recurring psychotic episodes in the final two years of his life before he killed himself. 

    Many people know that Lionel Aldridge helped lead the Green Bay Packers to win two Super Bowl championships. In his thirties, he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. His diagnosis led to him becoming homeless and mentally ill until his death. He spiraled into despair, losing everything.

    ]]>     2022-02-08 20:01:32 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036411820     Therapy https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036412917 Psychotherapy:"talk therapy," when people communicate in a safe and confidential setting to explore and understand their thoughts and actions, as well as to learn coping techniques.
    Cognitive behavioral therapy: Focuses on exploring relationships among a person's thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Uncovers unhealthy patterns
    Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy: Treats PTSD. replaces negative emotional reactions to difficult memories with less-charged or positive reactions or beliefs.]]>     2022-02-08 20:02:10 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036412917     Treatment Plans https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036416366 Lithobid is a medicine prescribed to people with this disorder as it acts as a mood stabilizer that reduce the excitability of neurotransmitters in the brain. Another form of treatment is therapy because it allows you to discuss ways to control your manic or depressed episodes and not allow the disease to affect your brain to a great extent. Lastly, support groups are great for the disorder as it allows you to see people with the disorder are still functioning and gives people a sense of hope. ]]> 2022-02-08 20:04:13 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036416366 https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036419380 Treatment Plan:
    1) Cognitive Processing Therapy: Used to correct the way in which one thinks about their stressor. It addresses the Cognitive Processing Theory, and works to teach the individual how to  correct their thoughts concerning their stressor.
    2) Prolonged Exposure Therapy: Used to correct the memory by teaching the patient how to slowly remember or approach their trauma.  It takes a long time, but patients slowly work their way up to fully, or as much as they can, thinking about and moving past their trauma.
    3) Stress Inoculation Training: Used to teach patients techniques to address their trauma or stressors when they present themselves.

    ]]>     2022-02-08 20:05:52 UTC https://padlet.com/daughtc1/i0ljx451xo61pgjb/wish/2036419380