Gynecomastia by Hailey Olson https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6 Breast Pathology Research Project en-us 2023-08-29 22:10:52 UTC 2023-09-30 01:23:04 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/2120750240/233d4107e8f03226463485b381b12014/ultrasound_icon_comic_style_scanner_equipment_cartoon_vector_illustration_white_isolated_background_ultrasonic_splash_effect_business_concept_157943_6374.avif 1. Swollen breast tissue hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677292795 2023-08-29 22:18:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677292795 2. Breast Tenderness hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677293340 2023-08-29 22:19:41 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677293340 3. Nipple Sensitivity hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677293564 2023-08-29 22:20:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677293564 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677295080 2023-08-29 22:22:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677295080 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677361069 2023-08-30 00:06:52 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677361069 Gynecomastia is caused by a fluctuation in the levels of the female sex hormone (estrogen) and the male sex hormone (testosterone) hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677378367 2023-08-30 00:22:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677378367 A number of diseases and medical conditions could potentially trigger Gynecomastia, including: hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677391151 ☆ Normal hormonal changes
☆ Certain Medications
☆ Excessive Alcohol Intake
☆ Recreational drug use
☆ Certain health conditions (Kidney disease, Liver disease, Thyroid disease, etc)
☆ Certain herbal products (these can be present in shampoos, lotions, soaps, etc)]]> 2023-08-30 00:31:33 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677391151 Most cases are harmless and will resolve on their own hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677425103 2023-08-30 00:57:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677425103 If a cause is identified, the removal of the stimulus may result in spontaneous regression hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677429623 ☆ If a medication is causing the breasts to enlarge, switching to a different prescription may cause the swelling to go down
☆ If a disease is the cause (Chronic Liver Disease, Lung Disease, etc) then swelling may go down with treatment]]> 2023-08-30 01:00:39 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677429623 In some cases, the glandular tissue may simply become inactive and fibrous. If this occurs, the condition is no longer reversible hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677431709 ☆ At this point, some men may choose to get breast reduction surgery in order to remove the extra tissue]]> 2023-08-30 01:02:20 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677431709 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677438136 2023-08-30 01:07:13 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677438136 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677439758 2023-08-30 01:08:39 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677439758 Risk factors can include: hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677443611 ☆ Pregnancy
☆ Puberty
☆ Aging
☆ Use of anabolic steroids
☆ Chronic liver disease
☆ Kidney disease
☆ Thyroid disease
☆ Hormonally active tumors
☆ Excessive alcohol intake
☆ Excessive drug use
☆ Obesity]]> 2023-08-30 01:11:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677443611 4. A lump detected underneath the nipple hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677446721 ☆ The lump may move freely in the breast tissue and may also be tender to the touch]]> 2023-08-30 01:13:59 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677446721 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677502257 2023-08-30 01:51:53 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677502257 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677508018 ☆ Before and after breast reduction therapy in a man diagnosed with Gynecomastia]]> 2023-08-30 01:56:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2677508018 Many men and boys with Gynecomastia don't require any type of treatment hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678232706 ☆ Although it is not a serious physical health concern, it can be tough to cope with and can be potentially psychologically and emotionally damaging ]]> 2023-08-30 13:31:29 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678232706 Gynecomastia generally does not cause any long-term complications hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678314146 ☆ Many cases will eventually resolve on their own, within a few months to several years
☆ For cases that persist, surgery is an option]]> 2023-08-30 14:30:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678314146 There is a small population of men with Gynecomastia who are at a heightened risk for developing Male Breast Cancer hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678330318 2023-08-30 14:42:21 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678330318 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678331551 2023-08-30 14:43:16 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678331551 Gynecomastia is a condition of overdevelopment of the breast tissue in men or boys hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678343236 ☆ Can be found in men of all ages]]> 2023-08-30 14:51:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678343236 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678359185 ☆ Swelling of the male breast tissue]]> 2023-08-30 15:02:25 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678359185 Gynecomastia is the primary benign breast condition diagnosed in males hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678424178 ☆ Its prevalence is estimated to account for 40% of all disorders of the male breast worldwide]]> 2023-08-30 15:48:34 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678424178 A provider will take a patient's past health and medical history and perform a physical exam hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678449604 2023-08-30 16:06:31 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678449604 In order to rule out other diseases or conditions, the patient may have a variety of tests including: hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678452152 ☆ Blood tests
☆ Liver function tests
☆ Urine tests
☆ Hormone studies
☆ Ultrasound
☆ Mammogram
☆ Small breast tissue sample biopsy]]> 2023-08-30 16:08:44 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678452152 Your healthcare provider will determine the best course of treatment for you based on: hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678454092 ☆ Your age
☆ Your overall health
☆ Past medical history
☆ How well you can handle certain medications
☆ How long the condition is expected to last
☆ Your own opinions and preferences]]> 2023-08-30 16:10:16 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678454092 In some cases, hormone therapy may be used to treat Gynecomastia hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678463947 2023-08-30 16:15:56 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678463947 Mammography hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678475215 ☆ Digital mammograms offer higher resolution and extremely detailed imaging
☆ Absence of a well-defined mass can differentiate Gynecomastia from malignancy]]> 2023-08-30 16:22:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678475215 What is a mammogram? hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678482935 2023-08-30 16:27:45 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678482935 Mammography is the x-ray examination of the breast hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678486824 ☆ Mammograms are not routinely offered to men
☆ A doctor may order a reccomend screening mammography if there is a genetic mutation that increases the risk of developing male breast cancer]]> 2023-08-30 16:30:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678486824 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678491377 ☆ Mammogram of a normal male breast shown mediolateral oblique (A) and craniocaudal (B)]]> 2023-08-30 16:34:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678491377 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678602525 ☆ Dixon, A.-M. (2008). Breast ultrasound: How, why, and when. Elsevier.

☆ Draghi, F., Tarantino, C. C., Madonia, L., & Ferrozzi, G. (2011, September). Ultrasonography of the male breast. Journal of ultrasound. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558246/

☆ Gilcrease-Garcia, B. (2023, July 28). Gynecomastia: Radiology Reference Article. Radiopaedia Blog RSS. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/gynaecomastia?lang=us

☆ Gynecomastia: Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment - endotext - NCBI ... (n.d.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279105/

☆ Gynecomastia. JHM. (2019, November 19). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/gynecomastia

☆ Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, October 16). Enlarged breasts in men (gynecomastia). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gynecomastia/symptoms-causes/syc-20351793

☆ professional, C. C. medical. (n.d.). Gynecomastia: What is it, causes, diagnosis & treatment. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16227-enlarged-male-breast-tissue-gynecomastia ]]> 2023-08-30 17:33:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678602525 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678614538 ☆ Abnormal mammogram, with Gynecomastia evident in the left breast]]> 2023-08-30 17:43:35 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678614538 Mammographic Characteristics of Gynecomastia include: hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678617089 ☆ Increased sub-areolar density
☆ May be flame shaped]]> 2023-08-30 17:45:26 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678617089 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678628687 2023-08-30 17:55:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2678628687 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686580110 ☆ Unilateral Gynecomastia in an adolescent male, with growth evident in only one breast]]> 2023-09-06 11:58:54 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686580110 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686586199 ☆ Bilateral and Asymmetrical Gynecomastia with uneven growth evident in both breasts ]]> 2023-09-06 12:03:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686586199 Gynecomastia can present as a unilateral, bilateral, symmetric, or asymmetric condition hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686593913 2023-09-06 12:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686593913 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686597015 ☆ Gynecomastia that is both Bilateral and Symmetric, with even growth in both breasts]]> 2023-09-06 12:12:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686597015 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686609343 2023-09-06 12:20:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2686609343 Breast Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used in diagnosing and classifying Gynecomastia hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689169745 ☆ Sonographically, it will appear as a triangular, hypoechoic mass in the retroareolar area]]> 2023-09-07 16:39:01 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689169745 There are 3 classifications of Gynecomastia: hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689171470 ☆ Acute (Nodular)
☆ Intermediate (Dendritic)
☆ Chronic (Diffuse Glandular)]]> 2023-09-07 16:40:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689171470 Acute Gynecomastia hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689179032 ☆ Lesion appears solid
☆ Retroareolar mass
☆ Hypoechoic echotexture
☆ Well-defined margins]]> 2023-09-07 16:46:02 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689179032 Intermediate Gynecomastia hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689181627 ☆ Lesion appears triangular, hypoechoic, and retroareolar
☆ Branches extending into peripheral adipose tissue
☆ Moderate vascularity]]> 2023-09-07 16:47:54 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689181627 Chronic Gynecomastia hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689183654 ☆ Glandular tissue is diffusely distributed within the adipose tissue in a pattern that resembles a female breast
☆ As Gynecomastia progresses and becomes diffuse, it results in a hyperechoic increase in the glandular parenchyma]]> 2023-09-07 16:49:21 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689183654 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689187246 ☆ The pyramidal shape of this hypoechoic mass visualized on ultrasound indicates Gynecomastia]]> 2023-09-07 16:51:52 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689187246 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689196761 2023-09-07 16:58:03 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689196761 Differential diagnosis of a palpable breast mass in a male patient could include: hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689197646 ☆ Lipoma
☆ Subareolar Sepsis
☆ Mastitis
☆ Sebaceous Cyst
☆ Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
☆ Hematoma
☆ Fat Necrosis]]> 2023-09-07 16:58:44 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689197646 Pregnancy hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689236953 ☆ High fetal blood levels of estrogen and progesterone produced by the mother can stimulate the growth of breast tissue in a newborn male
☆ Neonatal Gynecomastia may persist for several weeks after birth but will eventually resolve itself]]> 2023-09-07 17:26:25 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689236953 Puberty hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689246207 ☆ Fluctuating hormones, including the normal jumps in estrogen and drops in testosterone that are expected during puberty, can cause breast tissue to grow unexpectedly
☆ Up to 60% of boys have clinically detectable Gynecomastia by age 14
☆ Pubertal Gynecomastia will usually resolve as hormonal levels balance out, a process that can take anywhere from 6 months - 2 years to complete]]> 2023-09-07 17:33:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689246207 Aging hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689249763 ☆ Enlarged breasts are common in men over the age of 50
☆ With increasing age, men's bodies will produce less and less testosterone, which can potentially lead to the growth of breast tissue]]> 2023-09-07 17:35:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689249763 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689253968 2023-09-07 17:39:03 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689253968 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689304681 ☆ Normal vs Abnormal male breast]]> 2023-09-07 18:14:32 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689304681 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689404940 ☆ This image notes the anatomic layers of a normal breast
☆ When present, Gynecomastia will appear within the Subcutaneous layer of breast tissue]]> 2023-09-07 19:35:26 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2689404940 It is important to differentiate a diagnosis of Gynecomastia from the simple excess of fatty subcutaneous tissue that can be associated with obesity hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2690610888 ☆ Ultrasound can be useful in making this differentiation]]> 2023-09-08 12:14:18 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2690610888 Specifically, it is triggered by a decrease in the amount of testosterone compared to the amount of estrogen hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2690752587 ☆ This decrease can be caused by a large variety of conditions that may block the effects of testosterone, reduce the levels of testosterone, or increase the level of estrogen]]> 2023-09-08 13:45:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2690752587 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2690766609 2023-09-08 13:54:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2690766609 5. Nipple discharge hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2691136396 2023-09-08 18:22:11 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2691136396 What is Gynecomastia? hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726575133 2023-09-29 21:38:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726575133 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726579419 2023-09-29 21:48:27 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726579419 Ultrasound can be useful when differentiating a diagnosis of Gynecomastia from a simple excess of fatty tissue hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726583635 2023-09-29 21:58:05 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726583635 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726587192 2023-09-29 22:06:55 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726587192 hailey_olson1 https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726591133 2023-09-29 22:17:24 UTC https://padlet.com/hailey_olson1/hzyryy2mw2n4iym6/wish/2726591133