Pologeorgis, N (2023) How Globalization Affects Developed Countries Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/10/globalization-developed-countries.asp

(Accessed 20th October 2024)

The first article I came across was this one from Investopedia detailing how globalisation has affected our developed countries of the world what benefits come along with it.

Investopedia seems to be a reliable source for information as they have many business related articles as well as their authors all having long lists of credited works and experience such as the author of this article who is credited with 24+ years experience in academic consulting. This source was also produced only last year so it's content is up to date and can be further seen as reliable.

This Article is broken down into 3 key takeaways, The first of which is what globalisation offers to a business, and that is it allows businesses to create and develop many operations and markets in various regions across the globe, The article also outlines various strategies that work well with globalisation, such as the diversification of products and operations across regions to suit needs and wants of them. This allows businesses to spread risk across these so that the business isn't simply thriving off of one product or service.

The second key takeaway from this article is the components that makeup globalisation as a whole as well as push it in the modern day. These include GDP'S and HDI'S that measure economic output for countries and display their economic status. Another component is industrialisation and overall technological innovation which allows global expansion for businesses to increase, examples of this being the internet which drastically changed how businesses sell and produce products and made global connection much easier.

The third and final takeaway is the benefits of globalisation, not just for businesses but also consumers and the general economy. While globalisation benefits businesses with the ability to reach foreign markets and expand, this expansion also benefits consumers as it gives us a wider variety of products to choose from in our lives. General economies will also benefit as trade and foreign direct investment result in higher growth rates.

To conclude, this article is incredibly informative and well put together, allowing any reader top easily understand the concept of globalisation and what it does for our society.

Stobierski, T (2021) 4 Effects of Globalization on the Environment Available at: https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/globalization-effects-on-environment

(Accessed 20th October 2024)

The second article I came across was this one from Harvard Business School which highlights the various effects that global expansion of businesses has had on our environments and climates. This article I believe was a good find as it highlights on negative impacts of global expansion unlike most other articles I have found which gives us an more rounded perspective. I definitely believe we can take this source as reliable as it comes from Harvard business school, one of the top leading business schools in the world.

This article highlights some key effects of globalisation on the environment and how they affect it. One of which is the increased transport of goods. While the increased transport of goods may have made commerce & E commerce much easier and effective over the years, it's possibility for destruction on the environment cannot be ignored, with higher transport numbers also leading to increased emissions, habitat destruction and possibility for invasive species to raid countries they do not belong in, all which disrupt the natural state of our environment.

Another key effect of globalisation is the decreasing of biodiversity in our nations. The business world sadly can often include the overuse or destruction of natural resource and wildlife, with global expansion increasing these tendencies ten fold, various negative impacts on our environment such as increased greenhouse gas emissions, ocean acidification, deforestation all come from businesses, leading to many species populations across the globe dying off.

However, while informing us of these negative attributes to globalisation, the article intends to tell readers that globalisation is "both an opportunity and a threat" the article also highlights how global expansion and its effects have caused more and more people to realise the damage that is being caused to our environments and encouraging everyone to take more action against it, as well as various laws being put in place to decrease the damages that are being done. As well as this, more and more businesses try and manage the way they impact our environments.

To conclude, this article is highly informative on shining a light on the dangers of global expansion on our world and how it must be kept in check.

Aslam A, Eugster J, Et Al (2018) Globalization Helps Spread Knowledge and Technology Across Borders Available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2018/04/09/globalization-helps-spread-knowledge-and-technology-across-borders#:~:text=Globalization%20boosts%20technological%20development&text=First%2C%20globalization%20allows%20countries%20to,innovate%20and%20adopt%20foreign%20technologies.

(Accessed 20th October 2024)

The third article I came across was this one from IMF which seeks to discuss how global expansion has allowed knowledge and technology has been able to spread across borders so that everyone worldwide can be communicated. This article I believe is another good find as IMF alike investopedia have a long record of businesses related articles and thus seem to have knowledge of the topic so we can take this as a reliable source for information. it also highlights the technological side of globalisation and how technology has allowed the world to be interconnected. The only issue with this article being made in 2018 means it is partially outdated.

This article breaks down several key points on the importance of technology and how its global reach is highly important in modern society. The article points out that through the sharing of technology across the globe, businesses are able to develop and grow using this technology to increase quality standards in their production. The spread of technology is just as important to consumers so that we can consistently remain connected in an virtual moving world.

Another point the article makes is how global expansion boots technological development. As global markets began to expand and connect with each other, it's now as easy as its ever been for businesses to co operate and export goods across borders to further development of new technology with R&D. This in turn drives innovation in businesses and creates better product lines for consumers,

Another point the article makes is positive economic effect global expansion and technology has had. The exchanging of foreign knowledge and technology being spread through global expansion has boosted domestic productivity growth every year. Not only this but the purchasing of technology whether it be business buying parts from overseas to develop their own products or consumers purchasing foreign products continues to bring positive growth into economies worldwide.

To conclude, this article gives a highly insightful view on the technological aspects of globalisation and global expansion and how it has essentially become necessary in this day and age.

European Parliament (2019) Globalisation's impact on employment and the EU Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20190712STO56968/globalisation-s-impact-on-employment-and-the-eu#:~:text=Globalisation%20leads%20to%20increased%20competition,%2C%20offshoring%20and%20job%20losses..

(Accessed 20th October 2024)

The fourth and final article I came across was this one from the European Parliament and it gives insight into employment side of globalisation and what it does for and to jobs in the EU. This article I believe to be a good find as alike the second article I found, this one focuses on both positive and negative aspects of globalisation with how it relates to the world of employment. Considering this article also came straight from the European Union There is no doubt that we can take this article as a reliable source of information.

As stated above this article highlights ways global expansion has impacted EU employment in both positive and negative ways. The positives the article is discusses is the job opportunities global expansion presents for the EU. Arriving foreign businesses and operations are constantly bringing jobs into the EU cutting down on unemployment levels and bringing positive economic growth into the EU. These jobs can also pay better and bring better financial security to workers of the EU.

However there is also the negative impacts that global expansion brings to employment levels in the EU. For example the arrival of foreign businesses into the EU can increase market competition in many areas and can lead to closures and offshoring, which inevitably leads to the loss of jobs. Big known brands coming into smaller towns can also run local businesses out of business entirely which not only reduces job opportunities even less but also that sense of culture local operations bring. To link back to the topic of offshoring, off shoring production to other countries means that if the supply chain were to be disrupted it could cause major negative implications in EU business and production that would harshly impact our workers.

To include, This article was excellent at giving an balanced view on the employment aspects of globalisation which could be arguably one of the important factors of it.

https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/digital-globalization-the-new-era-of-global-flows

James Manyika, Susan Lund, Jacques Bughin, Lola Woetzel, Kalin Stamenov, and Dhruv Dhingra (February 24, 2016)

(350 words)

McKinsey Worldwide Institute's report on advanced globalization written by James Manyika and his co-authors, Susan Lund, Jacques Bughin, Lola Woetzel, Kalin Stamenov, and Dhruv Dhingra, analyzes how the rise of the web and data-driven advances have in a general sense modified worldwide commerce operations. Manyika and his co-authors contend that computerized streams are supplanting conventional exchange streams, with information presently having a more noteworthy effect on worldwide GDP than physical product exchange. By advertising a comprehensive examination bolstered by thorough information, this article serves as a dependable and quick source on the subject of advanced globalization's effect on trade.

This report stands out due to McKinsey's built-up validity and vigorous inquiry about strategies. It synthesizes a run of information sources, making it one of the most intensive examinations of how computerized innovation influences worldwide trade hones. McKinsey's worldwide organization and notoriety for trade understanding reinforce the report's validity. The article's unwavering quality is improved by its consideration of measurable proof and in-depth showcase investigation, which empowers businesses and policymakers to get it advance globalization's substantial impacts.

A striking perspective of this report is its center on the rise of developing economies in computerized globalization, giving a special viewpoint on how advanced get to is leveling the worldwide playing field. This subject is particularly important as businesses around the world investigate openings to enter or extend in advanced markets inside creating locales. The experiences in showcase development and financial integration make the article pertinent to a extend of gatherings of people, from trade strategists to scholarly analysts.

The reason for this article is to advise and direct businesses on how to adjust to this move toward data-driven globalization. Manyika and his group adjust hypothetical examination with commonsense applications, guaranteeing that the report serves both instructive and operational needs. Its focus on open arrangement makes it an important asset for commerce pioneers and policymakers pointing to get it and use computerized globalization's impacts on worldwide development. Because of the companies’ accessibility to the Internet, businesses can expand beyond local borders, allowing companies from big to small, to access global markets more easily.

https://gcelt.org/how-the-internet-has-revolutionized-business-communication-worldwide/

Travis Heath(October 4, 2024)

(385 words)

The article on the GCELT website by Travis Heath looks at how the web has changed commerce communication universally, making it quicker, more available, and more flexible. It gives a smart diagram of how real-time communication and computerized devices have diminished boundaries and opened modern channels for businesses to function and connect with accomplices, representatives, and clients around the world. With a center on viable progressions like video conferencing, moment informing, and social media, the article illustrates how these apparatuses have ended up foundational to present-day trade victory, upgrading productivity and responsiveness in a way already unachievable.

One of the major benefits the web brings to trade communication, as the article highlights, is a real-time network. Customarily, communicating over distinctive time zones and locales included costly universal calls or long mail delays. The web has disentangled this through stages like Zoom, Discord calls, and Microsoft Groups, which offer moment, reasonable, and helpful communication. This has been especially impactful in worldwide extended administration, where collaboration between groups in numerous nations can happen easily and without noteworthy delays

GCELT too notes that fetched investment funds are a significant advantage of internet-driven communication. Conventional strategies of communication required noteworthy monetary speculations in physical assets and travel, particularly for multinational organizations that required in-person gatherings. By differentiation, advanced arrangements require as it were a web association, decreasing overhead costs and permitting indeed few businesses to extend their operations all-inclusive. E-commerce stages assist in diminishing the requirement for physical storefronts, empowering companies to reach broader markets at negligible cost. This has leveled the playing field, permitting little and medium-sized ventures (SMEs) to compete globally with bigger firms, boosting worldwide commerce generally.

Another fundamental highlight of internet-based communication is the progression of cloud computing, which the article talks about as a basic calculation in collaboration and information. Stages like Google Workspace and Microsoft Office 365 offer cloud-based document sharing, empowering groups in numerous locales to work on ventures at the same time. This advances a culture of nonstop collaboration, advancement, and proficiency over borders, permitting companies to take full advantage of the differing gifts in their global groups. Cloud-based arrangements too upgrade information security and get to, guarantee that groups around the world can safely recover and overhaul data, which is particularly profitable for companies with farther workforces or universal branches.

Jacques Bughin, Eric Hazan, Tera Allas, Klemens Hjartar, James Manyika, Pal Erik Sjatil, and Irina Shigna (May 15, 2019)

https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/tech-for-good-using-technology-to-smooth-disruption-and-improve-well-being

(395 words)

 In “Tech for Good”, Jacques Bughin and his co-authors explore the impact of digital globalization on workforce dynamics, focusing on its potential for enhancing workforce mobility and upskilling, especially as companies adapt to rapidly evolving global markets. This article addresses strategies that companies can adopt to align their workforce capabilities with technological advances, detailing how organizations can manage the shifts in talent acquisition, employee training, and remote work structures that digital globalization demands. The McKinsey team highlights the balance between workforce transformation and employee well-being, making the case for adopting “tech for good” policies that prioritize fair access to upskilling and equitable integration of digital tools within work environments.

McKinsey’s credibility as a well-respected consulting firm supports the reliability of this article, which is grounded in comprehensive, data-driven analysis and industry insights. Bughin and his colleagues provide numerous case studies and empirical data to support their recommendations, which focus on how companies can leverage digital technology not only to improve productivity but also to sustain employee engagement and resilience amid continuous disruption. The authors, who include leading researchers in digital innovation, support their claims with robust quantitative analyses, enhancing the article's validity for readers seeking insights grounded in real-world trends and tangible results.

The article is particularly relevant for HR professionals, organizational leaders, and policymakers looking to integrate technology in ways that benefit both their workforce and their broader business goals. It emphasizes that while digital globalization provides access to a global talent pool, it also necessitates workforce flexibility, making upskilling a priority for companies wanting to stay competitive. The authors discuss the advantages of online education platforms, virtual collaborations, and data-driven recruitment processes that allow companies to attract diverse talent from across the globe while preparing existing employees for new roles within digital and automated environments. This approach to talent management is essential for organizations transitioning toward digitalized work structures.

In addressing the article's purpose, Jacques Bughin and his co-authors aim to guide companies through the complexities of workforce digitalization, advocating for a balanced approach that acknowledges both opportunities and challenges. They also address the ethical considerations of automation and AI, urging companies to adopt fair labor practices and to focus on job creation in tandem with digital advancements. McKinsey’s “tech for good” framework serves as a comprehensive guide for organizations, proposing actionable steps to create a more resilient, equitable, and adaptable workforce structure.

Tom Anziano (November 22, 2023)

https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8211-expand-business-internationally.html?_gl=1*1a3bkpe*_up*MQ..*_ga*MTg3OTE4MzgzMC4xNzMwMjQ2NTU0*_ga_1GL4KJVCM5*MTczMDI0NjU1My4xLjAuMTczMDI0NjU1My4wLjAuMA..

(368 words)

Within the “Going Global” article, composed by Tom Anziano from Business News Every day gives a viable direction for businesses considering worldwide extension, enumerating the vital arrangements and methodologies to approach outside markets effectively. It highlights basic steps for worldwide development, from starting self-assessment to fastidious advertising investigations and building nearby associations. The article's organized format makes it open for both little businesses and bigger enterprises, which seems advantage of its exhaustive examination of territorial subtleties and compliance needs.

The article, to start with, emphasizes the noteworthiness of a company looking over its current soundness and planning, as all-inclusive advancement requires noteworthy resources and incredible operational adaptability. This step is fundamental for companies to practically decide their capacity to protect quality and operational consistency while going up against the complexities of entering distinctive unused markets. For events, the piece recommends point-by-point monetary arranging and the potential need for outside financing, which can moderate the strain on assets. This center on arrangement reflects an understanding of both the monetary and organizational dangers included.

Another quality of the article is its thought of social flexibility. It prompts businesses to alter things and exhibit with adjacent slants and conventions, which is essential in building up client conviction and brand devotion in the unused locale. This guide is upheld by the proposal to imply regional pros or adjacent organizations, which increases the article's legitimacy, showing the writer's mindfulness of the nuanced challenges of localization. Such bits of information are crucial as businesses frequently think small of the impact of social and etymological contrasts on brand acknowledgment and client engagement.

In expansion, the article recommends the enhancement of an organized extension arrangement that consolidates compliance with adjacent genuine bearings, mental property laws, and charge courses of action. This incorporates a down-to-earth layer, highlighting that productive all-inclusive advancement incorporates amazing examinations and crucial changes. The unflinching quality of this source is supported by Business News Daily's reputation as a trusted commerce dissemination, and its substance is common, evidence-based, and well-aligned with the challenges companies go up against generally.

In rundown, this article stands out due to its practical approach, point-by-point methodologies, and social affectability, making it a dependable asset for businesses of all sizes.

Jason Miller (22 May, 2024.)

Forbes Councils Member

(354 words)

The article compromises on highlighting the importance of global expansion for a company and its various effects. It also evaluates the basic required steps a company has to adhere whilst expanding their business globally such as research and adaptation , determining market receptivity, tax and regulatory information, target market and unique selling proposition. As a beginner level entrepreneur this article is easily understandable as it does not include complex technical concepts.

Article focuses upon the core principles that involve in global expansion which are Research and adaptation , Financial planning , Strategic planning & Marketing and Talent management. Research and adaption is the most important part which involves researching new market , competitors , tax and regulatory info. Financial planning is the base of global expansion as it involves figuring out the required budget , operational expenses, etc. Strategic Planning involves setting up objectives and criterias of specific goals. Marketing and talent management includes hiring the best talent available in the market to suit the company goals and to find and apply new marketing strategies that are suitable for global level.

Moreover, Article has used very simple language without technical jargon which can be understood easily by anyone. It also mentions a step wise brief of global expansion. Talking about articles credibility, It sources from Forbes which is an American bussiness magazine which was founded in 1917, which makes it highly credible . Talking about its relevance & reliability, Article has been written by Jason miller who is business council on Forbes and himself is CEO of Strategic Advisor Board (his own company) . Article is written by a CEO himself which makes it reliable. Talking about purpose , Article is driven with purpose of educating businessman on how to expand their business on a global level. Adding to it , Articles gives basic step to step guide which is essential for entreprenuers that are willing to expand their business on a global level.

To conclude , global expansion requires extensive research that involves understanding market potential , taxes , culture ,evaluating product receptivity, financial planning ,strategic planning and hiring top talent. Adding to it , Article signifies the importance of core planning required to expand business globally.

Article: “How The NFL Is Preparing For First Brazil Game And International Expansion”

I chose to cover this article because I enjoy sports franchises and the business world of sports and this related to my groups topic of Globalisation.

The NFL is an American based football league nationwide. Guardian written by Tim Casey “The NFL is preparing for its first Brazilian game and international expansion.”  The article states that the NFL has started hosting 1 game per season in countries outside the US including England, Spain and France, these wealthy European countries have large stadiums and fans showing real engagement  to the sport. According to the article, “This year, buyers from outside of the U.S. have purchased 41% more NFL tickets on Stubhub and Viagogo than at this point last year. Viagogo acquired Stubhub for more than $4 billion in 2020, combining two of the world’s leading ticket resale platforms.” What this means is that foreign consumption into the NFL is increasing year on year. This is an excellent step towards global expansion and ultimately shows growth. This is also shown by the article stating that “35% more tickets on Stubhub and Viagogo than last year’s five international games.” 

Brazilians buying tickets to watch two American football teams play for an American franchise (NFL) in Brazil could also be a form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the League. Depending how the proceeds are channeled into the NFL. The NFL expansion into Brazil also promotes third parties in the local area to the stadium such as hotels, taxis etc. This is due to Americans flying out to watch their team and would need to purchase a place to stay and transport. 

The drawbacks of the NFL steps to global expansion are that players have expressed their concerns of playing abroad. Factors such as fatigue and jet lag is a major issue for athletes who have to travel these long distances. The wellbeing of the NFL athletes has to be put first and foremost. Another drawback would be concern over safety of the players, since they are very wealthy and Brazil having a high crime rate the safety of the players could be put into question. 

In conclusion the NFL expanding to Brazil and Europe for one off games a season are beneficial to the franchise. It builds the profile of players and teams, more tickets and jerseys are purchased, and international fans get the joy of seeing their team play. The players have a week to be settled and have large medical teams to help with injury or fatigue.The revenue gained from doing this benefits not only the NFL but the country in which these games would be played. It brings tourism with traveling Americans to watch their team but also Brazilians traveling across Brazil to watch.  From a business standpoint it is a no brainer for the NFL to not expand globally.

Casey, T. (2024). How The NFL Is Preparing For First Brazil Game And International Expansion. Forbes. [online] 4 Sep. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/timcasey/2024/09/03/how-the-nfl-is-preparing-for-first-brazil-game-and-international-expansion/.

Joshua Conrad Jackson (17 May, 2024)

Assistant professor at the University of Chicago’s Booth School of Business.

(356 words)

The article highlights the need and effect of global expansion with real life examples and models that can be used to evaluate and guide the entrepreneur effectively.

As a first-time reader, it left a great and hard impact on me.

It made me understood the core importance of developing our business on a global level. The article conceptualises and highlight an effective model named as "REACH", it is based upon developing relationships with local partners. Which helps the business to create a line of communication between organisations global leaders and stakeholders & Develops trust by making foreign brands seem more local. Article emphasis on the need of developing trust in foreigner whilst giving appropriate data of 64 countries. Article also discuss case studies of Walmart and best buy and showcases the result(failure) of them not following the reach model principles . On the contrast , Article mentions success stories of companies who followed the model principles which are Starbucks in China , TikTok and its parent company Byte Dance.

Article provides both effects of the model on companies whilst giving case studies , which makes it more influential and easy for the entrepreneur to compare and make choices for his bussiness.

It contains real life case studies which consist of Walmart and many other significant companies. It showcases the trend also provides data whilst giving financial figures comparing before global expansion and after it. This leaves a deep impact and influence on readers which makes it reliable and relevant.

This article mentions different perspectives in case studies which makes it more open-minded and unbiased. Talking about its credibility , article is sourced from Harvard business review which is a legit and credible platform. Adding to it , article comes from an experienced university professor which makes it more relevant to choose as a student. Talking about its purpose , article aims to evaluate and highlight the importance of reach model and expanding the business on global level whilst giving case studies to provide an open minded view.

To conclude , This article stands as a great and easy tool for beginners to understand the basic steps in global expansion while giving data and graphs.

Rebecca Doherty , Amoz Mazhindu, Marc Silberstein, Tido Roder. (23 June,2023.)

(381 words )

This article focuses on a conclusion broken down from their personal research on the pathways to value-creating growth, which involved analyzing the regional growth patterns of thousands of companies . This work generated a rule which is #Go Global if you can beat local. Article mentions their key observations whilst giving data and graphs to support their arguments and concepts evaluated from research. Their key observations are : Firstly , Half of all corporate growth in the decade up to 2019 came from foreign markets. This observation clearly showcases the bold importance of expanding our business on a global level. Secondly, They observed that faster-growing countries like Latin America and North America benefited less from foreign operations on the contrast, Eastern Asian and European corporations predominantly relied on international markets to make up for slow growth at home.

Article revolves around their concept and conclusion that a company can globally expand when it is excelling locally while beating its local competitors. To support this argument they made a valid point derived from their observation which was "businesses that expanded abroad produced more TSR(Total Shareholder Return) than their counterparts in the same industry; however, the benefits were doubled for those that had robust domestic growth, which is a requirement for an exportable advantage." Importance of excelling in local market is evident from the above observation. Adding to it , Article suggested a strategy to the companies which acquire a local player in the global market. M&A Strategy is when two companies comes along in whilst acquiring or merging with another company to achieve specific goals.

Talking about Article credibility , it comes from Mc Kinsey which is an American multinational strategy and management consulting firm that offers professional services. Talking about article relevance and reliability, the authors have researched on thousand companies and have provided a concept which is their conclusion of extensive research. Adding to it , It provides various data and graphs such as bar graphs which makes it more relevant and understandable. Talking about the purpose , The articles purpose is to educate and influence the entrepreneur regarding their concluded conceptual strategy derived after extensive research.

To conclude , This Article revolves around concept of excelling locally before globally expanding business and provides a great balanced insight to entreprenuer on understanding global expansion importance for companies growth.

Louis Brennan (12 Oct,2018.)

(378 words)

The article is focused upon highlighting the case study of Netflix and the strategies they used for expanding their business on a global level. It also provides data and figures of growth faced by Netflix while expanding globally. Article consist to two basic things that Netflix did and make sure of as their strategic movement :

• Netflix did not try to enter all markets at once;

  Netflix carefully selected the markets they wish to expand their business first. For example , It expanded their business to Canada in 2017 which is very close to them geographically and has a lot similarities with their home country of origin USA. This decision minimised the risk of Netflix while stepping out of local boundaries for the very first time.

• Netflix has worked with, and responded to, the new markets it’s entered;

  Netflix partnered with local companies to forge win-win relationships. It partnered up with local cell phone and cable operators to make its content available easily, which was very smart move. For example , When Vodafone launched their TV service in Ireland , Netflix partnered with them and included a dedicated remote button on the tv remotes which left a big impact.

Article also talks about Netflix applying Customer-centric model of operations , which was key to their success in United States. Under that model , they did experiments with customer usage data to determine which offerings works best. Since Netflix had entered quite many international markets , the more data they received and were able to evaluate which resulted in improvement in performance of their predictive algorithms.

Talking about credibility , Article sources from Harvard business review which is a legit and credible platform .

Talking about relevance and reliability , Article is based upon real life case study on Netflix which is quite known. Adding to it, Article consists of data and figures related to growth which makes it more reliable and valid. Talking about purpose, article purpose is to evaluate Netflix case study and provide extensive conclusion of the strategies used by Netflix while expanding their bussiness globally.

To conclude , Analysing Netflix decisions and moves while expanding globally signifies the need of smartness with simplicity. Article revolves around the key takeaways to adhere from Netflix's case study.

This article talks about the football team Tranmere Rovers getting bought out by a US based consortium. Two owners of the consortium are well known artists, A$AP Rocky and Riahanna. This article intrigues me due to the connection of globalization plus global expansion and two high profile artists to which I enjoy their music. 

Tranmere Rovers F.C are a football club based in Birkenhead UK. Tranmere play in League two of the English Football League and have a long history. The article ta;lks about Tranmere currently struggling in the league and needing a change. Other clubs in England have recently acquired foreign ownership, examples being Birmingham City F.C, with Tom Brady, and Arsenal F.C with Stan Kroenke. If the consortium does purchase this 80 percent stake in Tranmere this would be an example of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) due to an overseas individual/company purchasing/investing into the company and its assets.  

If the consortium are able to invest in purchasing better players and get better results for the club this could lead to promotion and inevitably raise revenue for the club through shirt sales, fan attendance and ticket sales and also online viewers. The more money that the new owners put into the club means that their expansion to the US has been a success. With high profile names such as A$AP Rocky and Rihana this means that their loyal fans will engage and will want to know more about Tranmere.  This expands Tranmeres audience to the US and also on a global scale. More popularity and recognition is better for the club because it grows their fanbase. 

The risks are that the cultures and traditions of the club could change due the consortium being US based. They might be unaware of the changes they put into place. Another risk is that the consortium has no prior experience to owning a sports team. This inexperienced could lead to rash decisions and even take Tranmere in the opposition direction. 

In conclusion, the takeover led by A$AP Rocky and Rihanna would grow the profile of Tranmere immensely and would grow their fan base to a worldwide scale. Increase in investments can lead the club forward if the correct decisions are made by those within the consortium. However the inexperience and the consortium being US based could change the clubs values and morales which would lead the fanbase to be unhappy. In order for the club to progress the fans need to be happy because they are who most of the revenue comes from.     

Everitt, Natasha. “Tranmere Chief Opens Door to A$AP Rocky Investment Who Can Help Raise Profile of EFL Club alongside Wife...” TalkSPORT, 22 Oct. 2024, talksport.com/football/2183322/asap-rocky-rihanna-tranmere-takeover/. Accessed 20 Oct. 2024.

This article talks about the future implications between the US and China if Tiktok were to be banned. I chose to do this article due to my extreme love of Tiktok. The US and China are integral to each other when it comes to trade. China being such a huge manufacturer and the US being major promoters and exporting to all over the world. Most of the largest clothing brands in the world are from the US or Europe but  are manufactured in China. This is due to low labor costs and committed workers. The money it costs to ship it from country to country is still cheaper than if the products were manufactured within the US or Europe. Not only from a Manufacturing standpoint but also a technological standpoint, the US cannot keep up with China with Technology and innovation. The article talks  about China beating the US in quality of semiconductor chips which are essential to phones, laptops etc.   

If the US decides to ban Tiktok it would cause a huge uproar due to its popularity within the US and the jobs that it creates. Many influencers and social media workers who work with Tiktok would be left jobless and would have to look for alternative jobs. Tiktok also helps companies promote their business to new customers, previously this could have been done in newspapers but in the new social media age apps such as Tiktok Youtube and Instagram allow for businesses to promote themselves online. 

In conclusion the article shows the clear need for Tiktok in order for trade to flow between China and the US. This was also represented by the US creating the least successful semiconductor chip as represented by the graph in the article falling behind companies like Nvidia and TSMC. What the article is basically saying is that from a technological and manufacturing standpoint, the US is reliant on China to keep up the quality of technology and flow of production.   

Sants, Arthur. “The End of Globalisation Threatens Big Tech.” Investorschronicle.co.uk, Investors’ Chronicle, 19 Mar. 2024, www.investorschronicle.co.uk/content/e93bd7a0-89dc-5c81-92fd-ba50b1aeea45. Accessed 19 Oct. 2024.

I chose this article because I am intrigued about franchise chains and how large food and drink franchises can affect the local area. For example, in my country (The British Virgin Islands) franchises have been banned due to the fact it would harm local businesses and ultimately raise revenue and sales for a global company that is not of that country. Mcdonalds moving to smaller countries creates huge competition for other burger/ french fry companies in the local area because of its affordable and fast. 

Mcdonalds and Starbucks are multinational corporations (MNC) that have multiple locations in most countries around the world. Both are clear successes of franchising and have been expanded to a global scale. Mcdonalds prides themselves on being fast and affordable which is ideal for most people who have jobs/school and don't have time to wait long periods of time for food and pay a lot of money. Of course Mcdonalds is not healthy but it does satisfy consumers enough to be this large of a company. On the contrary, Starbucks prides themselves on the quality of their products and also being fast to prepare their coffees. For customers headed to work and needing a caffeine boost, Starbucks is perfect and this is why you will see a Starbucks in most countries around the world. 

The reason why both are such a success is that they can also adapt their menu to the respective country that they are in. Mcdonalds in Japan will not just be burgers and fries but will also have noodles and Japanese drinks. Starbucks products are the same around the world, coffee, lattes, cappuccino, and tea’s. However, in South American countries Starbucks will have maté (Argentina herbal tea).  

In conclusion, Starbucks and Mcdonalds will satisfy customers no matter the country due to the reliability due to consumers knowing what they are getting for what price. Both are near enough instant in giving you your product and ultimately satisfy the customer. However in small countries/ towns, these chains are massive competitors for local businesses selling the same products and this means that those businesses cannot keep up. The MNC’s are more financially backed so they can get into a price war with these local businesses and therefore will hurt them. 

Balaji Viswanathan. “McDonald’s and Starbucks Are Everywhere. Is Globalization Making Us All the Same?” Inc.com, 31 Aug. 2017, www.inc.com/quora/mcdonalds-and-starbucks-are-everywhere-is-globaliz.html.