https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7 portfolio assignment en-us 2018-02-17 14:47:33 UTC 2023-03-03 04:38:33 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Tent.png suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232633600 2018-02-17 22:56:21 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232633600 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232634995 2018-02-17 23:19:00 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232634995 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232635134 2018-02-17 23:22:40 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232635134 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232635285    The artifacts reveal that these groups were agriculturally knowledgeable by the construction of tools. The canoes help to exhibit their interest in exploration of the sea. The creation of ceramics imply that the groups were creative.
The artifacts such as the hammocks and pottery display an establishment of arts and culture among the Amerindian group. Thus, a civilisation was developed. Since, a civilisation refers to an advanced stage of human social development or organisation. However, there advancements might have been misunderstood from someone who employs ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the action of evaluating someone's culture based on your own. For example, the construction of the canoe might appear primitive to those that have built ships.  Ethnocentrism can also be seen through the non-acceptance of preliterate history and judgement of value systems. The Amerindian civilisation had not developed writing. 
 Through years of the single story that Christopher Columbus discovered and developed the Caribbean led to a reverence of the European culture. In turn, our original culture was despised. The consequences are loss of identity and lack of guidance and nostalgia. Thus, revisionism was necessary but only took action recently. Evident through change in the information placed in history textbooks. Even recent adjustments like the First people holiday given on October 13, 2017 in Trinidad and Tobago. 
With this new story in process, and increased knowledge of the groups. Where the Arawaks are further divided into the Saladoid, Barrancoid, Toumassoid, Suazoid groups. Undoubtedly, defining the Caribbean will be difficult. Considering geography, places like Guyana and Suriname cannot be categorized under the definition of the Caribbean as all islands. Even our political systems differ, for instance, Monsterrat is governed by the Legislative assembly, whereas Trinidad and Tobago is a Republic with a representative government system.  There will be slight differences in history among the Caribbean countries due to colonisation and their former inhabitants. ]]> 2018-02-17 23:25:56 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/232635285 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/235074150 At the Port-of-Spain national museum and art gallery I had the opportunity to view a collection from the Amerindians. These include: the canoes, weapons, hammocks and utensils. 


]]> 2018-02-25 11:10:05 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/235074150 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/235118858 2018-02-25 17:51:07 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/235118858 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/235119062 2018-02-25 17:52:35 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/235119062 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236678249 The non sugar industry was critical in maintaining the Caribbean economy during the period 1492-1654. Crops like tobacco, cotton, cocoa, ginger and indigo were cultivated during this period. Along with these, were animal pens that served both as a source of meat and for assistance with mill power. Small cotton plantations, like those in Barbados, produced insignificant quantities that hindered large export. Tobacco was also grown in Barbados and St Kitts, it became successful but, was abandoned after unbeatable competition from the Americas.
Cocoa was also cultivated but mainly in Trinidad. The industry thrived for some time before a disease destroyed the fields.]]> 2018-02-28 21:07:10 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236678249 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236678363 After all those agricultural attempts failed, sugar cane or 'King' sugar assisted in development the Caribbean. It appeared to 'save' the economy. The production gained great success in Jamaica and Barbados. The idea to cultivate sugar was that of English colonisers. 
The fall of Brazil's sugar industry also aided in the profitability of the Caribbean's sugar industry during the 17th century. The dutch were contributors to this production during this time. However, colonisers focused more  on Jamaica because of its fertile soil. Sugar cane did support Caribbean development. ]]> 2018-02-28 21:07:31 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236678363 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236679700 2018-02-28 21:10:40 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236679700 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236723505 2018-02-28 23:51:03 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236723505 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236723676 White bonded labour comprises English, Irish and Scottish people that were forcibly brought to Caribbean to work as indentured servants on the sugar plantations.This trial was done on the plantations in Barbados. Some of these servants were previously prisoners. Nevertheless, they all endured conditions like deficient diets, whipping to work faster and basic housing. They did receive contracts that bought their labour for a limited amount of years but, many did not live to end of this period.
However, this labour practice cannot be equated to chattel slavery. In that, the very meaning of the word chattel is property. As a result, these conditions were common to the enslaved Africans together with, permanent and hereditary enslavement and a sub-human position. ]]> 2018-02-28 23:51:57 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236723676 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236724104 Similarities between Caribbean chattel slavery and traditional west African slavery would be difficult o identify as these were different systems. In traditional west African slavery, there was no dominant race aspect as both master and servant were the same race. Thus, enslavement could be based on economic standard in order, to pay debt or the bride pride. Indicating that slavery was largely voluntary, except for cases where criminals or workers of witchcraft were enslaved or where kidnapping during warfare occurred. Though they were exposed to forms of abuse, they were viewed as human beings with social relationships. 
Essentially, Caribbean chattel slavery differed in terms of race dominance, involuntary labour, primarily lifelong terms, hereditary enslavement and inhumane conditions that hampered social and family life.]]> 2018-02-28 23:54:26 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236724104 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236724124 Those of a lighter skin colour, usually mulattoes, were more likely to work in the house than in the field. Mulatto refers to the mixture of white and black ancestry. Thus, lighter skinned slaves enjoy some work privileges.]]> 2018-02-28 23:54:34 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/236724124 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/237635035 To wholly understand the benefits of Indian immigration or indentureship, knowledge of the conditions in India at that time is necessary. In India they suffered under a caste system. The caste system was structured with the Brahmins at the top and the untouchables at the very last level. This system was based on ascribed status, so social mobility was not possible. Social position could only be changed through a change in family name. Along with this, was the practice of sati. This refers to the burning of a widow at her husband's funeral. Even high levels of unemployment encouraged them to migrate to the Caribbean. 
After agreement to contracts of labour in the Caribbean, the Indian came under the 'immigration scheme'. Many of them changed their names upon arrival to the Caribbean countries. Which was the first step towards social mobility. However, a large amount of deception was involved. As a result, the Indians suffered under an oppressive and cruel system which led to extensive fatality. Some were even neglected a trip back to India. Others decided to remain in the Caribbean. Therefore, social mobility was possible in the Caribbean but in India, it was not certain. ]]> 2018-03-02 23:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/237635035 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/237636100 2018-03-02 23:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/237636100 suandoyle12 https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/237648979 2018-03-03 02:58:37 UTC https://padlet.com/suandoyle12/hx4z38m1fam7/wish/237648979