CURRENT RESEARCH IN ANAEROBIC MICROBES by Wan Zuhainis Saad

Astrobiology

megatirfanr — 2017-11-10 15:31:27 UTC

The goal is to have a better understanding on physiological, biochemistry and limits of life in astrobiological analogue environment for better access the habitability of the extraterrestrial environments.

Isolation of Clostridium perfringenes type A from wild bharals following sudden death in Tibet,China

zafirahfikriooi — 2017-11-11 04:26:17 UTC

This journal describes how they investigate what is the cause of sudden death of wild bharals in Tibet.

1)Post-mortem of the dead wild bharals
-severe congestion & hemorrhage of multiple organs
2)Gram-staining
-high numbers of gram-positive clostridia-like bacilli
3)culture the sample under 2 conditions (aerobic & anaerobic)
-many bacteria growth under anaerobic
4)PCR
-to detect which Clostridium pathogens is the cause of death
-to eliminate other possible pathogen

Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Bacteroides Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJI)

aqilahazlan — 2017-11-11 05:44:33 UTC

The objective of this study is to describe the demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with Bacteroides PJI. The clinician and microbiologist can use the results from this study as a guide for them to effectively assess and manage such infections.

Rumen anaerobic fungi create new opportunities for enhanced methane production from microalgae biomass

nishaazhar63 — 2017-11-11 05:48:07 UTC

- Addition of the rumen fungi improved the fermentation performance of the microalgae
- Bioaugmentation with rumen fungi improved the overall methane yield of algae biomass.

- qPCR analysis
- monitors augmentation process.

Utilizing anaerobic fungi for two stage sugar extraction and biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass

MayLingTham — 2017-11-11 06:19:33 UTC

Lignocellulosic biomass is an underutilized source for biofuels production, given its availability, low cost, and high-energy content. The most common approach for biological biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass utilizes a suite of puriﬁed enzymes. However, members of the anaerobic gut fungi (Phylum Neocallimastigomycota) are one of the most eﬃcient and anaerobic biomass degraders. In this experiment, Pecoramyces ruminantium strain C1A which is an anaerobic gut fungal is used for direct production of sugars and biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass.

Use of Rumen Microorganisms to Boost the Anaerobic Biodegradability of Microalgae

zulyzaizzatie25 — 2017-11-11 15:40:52 UTC

The objective of this study is to describe a simple, long-term, continuous system in which rumen microorganisms are used to degrade microalgae anaerobically. The effectiveness of the process is evaluated in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal, Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) removal, Waste Sludge Production (WSP) and BioDegradability Potential (BDP).

Enhanced biogas yield from energy crops with rumen anaerobic fungi (2012)

aliasyamimii — 2017-11-12 06:12:55 UTC

The aim of this study was to investigate
ways of use of rumen anaerobic fungi (AF) to improve biogas production from energy crops under laboratory conditions. In this study, strains of AF isolated from feces or rumen fluid of cows and deer were tested for their ability to integrate into the anaerobic bacterial ecosystem used for biogas production, in order to improve degradation of substrate polysaccharides and consequently the biogas yield. All experiments showed a positive effect of AF on the biogas yield and quality. AF improved the biogas production by 4–22%, depending on the substrate and AF species used.

Hydrolysis of microalgal biomass using ruminal microorganisms as a pretreatment to increase methane recovery

zahirahbukhari — 2017-11-12 07:39:45 UTC

The use of ruminal fluid as a source of hydrolytic microorganisms for the pretreatment of a
native consortium of microalgae (essentially Senedesmus) was investigated.

Improvement of biogas potential of anaerobic digesters using rumen fungi

joselia_vincent — 2017-11-12 11:43:02 UTC

In this study, the effects of bioaugmentation of anaerobic rumen fungi in various ratios of inoculums on biogas production of anaerobic digesters fed with animal manure were examined.
Methane production was found to increase by 60% with the addition of anaerobic rumen fungi.
It was also proven that anaerobic rumen fungi are more effective on Lentisphaerae, Clostridium, and Methanolinea sp. in terms of the highest biogas production. Based on the results, anaerobic rumen fungi appear to be a promising alternative for improving biogas production from different types of lignocellulosic compounds due to their non-specific extracellular ligninolytic enzymatic system.

Reductive debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by anaerobicmicrobes from river sediment

dayanaishak309 — 2017-11-12 15:09:52 UTC

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are organobromine compounds used as flame retardant and they have been used widely such as in building materials, electronics, furnishings, motor vehicles, airplanes, plastics, polyurethane foams and textiles. Flame retardants function in inhibiting the spread of fire by suppressing the chemical reactions in the flame or by forming a protective later on the surface of a material. However, long-term use of PBDE has caused the PBDE to disperse into air, water, sewage sludge, sediment and human and animal tissue in which has raise concerns towards human health. There have been studies that found the amount of PBDE can be decreased via reductive debromination by anaerobic microbes. For this research, the main objective is to analyse the rate of reductive debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) by anaerobic microbes from river sediment under different conditions such as the addition of factors that enhance debromination and microbial inhibitors.

Effects of coffee processing residues on anaerobic microorganisms and corresponding digestion performance

syarah — 2017-11-12 15:32:04 UTC

This objective of the study is to compare different conditions of feeds (coffee residues) affect the proliferation of favorable microbial communities, particularly methanogens, which significantly enhanced biogas and methane production of anaerobic digestion of coffee processing residues.

Plant Cell Wall Breakdown by Anaerobic Microorganisms from the Mammalian Digestive Tract

m_ufairah007 — 2017-11-14 17:15:03 UTC

The research paper is focused on the complexity of the enzyme systems that have evolved to allow certain gut microorganisms to degrade lignocellulose.
In which, argues that resident gut microorganisms should collectively possess a high capacity for fast and efﬁcient substrate degradation if they are to gain energy from the large amount of potentially available carbohydrate that is passing through the gut.

Detection of hydrogen cyanidefrom oral anaerobes by cavity ringdown spectroscopy

shafierul — 2017-11-20 12:32:01 UTC

-The objective of this study is to detect early infection of anaerobes primarily B. cepacia and P. aeruginosa to prevent the development of chronic lung diseases before hte microbes finishes its incubation stage
- B. cepacia and P. aeruginosa are opportunist pathogens commonly associated with pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). -Research has shown that B. cepacia was cyanogenic under biofilm growth on glass beads4 , and elevated HCN levels were detected in the headspace of B. cepacia cultures5 .
-P. aeruginosa on the other hand, is the main pathogen in the CF lung, and has been shown to produce gas phase HCN in vitro

Size-dependent antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles against oral anaerobic pathogenic bacteria

fitrazi95 — 2017-11-21 12:09:23 UTC

The objective of this study are:
1) To characterize Ag NPs with different sizes.
2) To synthesize Ag NPs present apparent antibacterial activity against five anaerobic oral pathogenic bacteria S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. mitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nuceatum and aerobic bacteria E. coli.
3)To test antibacterial activity of the different sizes Ag NPs against anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria.

This Ag Nanoparticles observed to have lower antibacterial effect against anaerobic bacteria than the aerobic bacteria. The possible explanation is Ag NPs can usually oxidized in aqueous solutions when exposed to air, which resulting in the release of silver ions under acidic conditions.

Sajidah

2017-11-21 12:22:31 UTC

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants and have consequently drawn much environmental concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate reductive debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) by anaerobic microbes from river sediment under various conditions. The debromination rates for BDE-209 were enhanced by the addition of brij 30, brij 35, rhamnolipid, surfactin, vitamin B12, zero-valent iron, acetate, lactate, and pyruvate. Zero-valent iron yielded the highest BDE-209 debromination. For the various PBDE congeners, the high-to-low order of debromination rates in sediment was BDE-209 > BDE-99 > BDE-47 > BDE-28 > BDE-15. The intermediate products resulting from the reductive debromination of BDE-209 in sediment were nona-BDE (BDE-207), octa-BDEs (BDE-196, 197), hepta-BDEs (BDE-183, 184, 191), hexa-BDEs (BDE-138, 154), penta-BDEs (BDE-85, 99, 100, 119), tetra-BDEs (BDE-47, 49, 66, 71), tri-BDEs (BDE-17, 28), di-BDEs (BDE-7, 15), and mono-BDE (BDE-3). Our result shows BDE-209 can be debrominated successively to BDE-3 by anaerobic microbes from river sediment. This research offers feasible methods for removal of BDE-209 in river sediment for bioremediation.

Calorimetric studies of the growth of anaerobic microbes

aishahzainudin95 — 2017-11-21 13:13:38 UTC

This article aims to validate the use of calorimetry to measure the growth of anaerobic microbes in overcoming the limitation of monitoring the growth of strict anaerobes while maintaining optimal growth conditions. In this study, calorimetry was used to continuously and nondestructively measure the heat generated by the growth of anaerobic microbes as a function of time. Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijerinckii, and Clostridium cellulovorans were used as representative anaerobic microbes. This study met a conclusion that there is a very good correlation between heat evolution and optical density/ATP concentration, verifying the use of calorimetry.

Co-occurrence of anaerobic bacteria in colorectal carcinomas

ATIKN35 — 2017-11-21 14:02:04 UTC

This research investigated the relationship between gut mucosal microbiome and colorectal cancer. Metagenomic studies have shown an association between Fusobacterium species and colorectal carcinoma. In thus research, they have extended these studies with deeper sequencing of a much larger number (n = 130) of colorectal carcinoma and matched normal control tissues. The results showed confirmation of tumor over-representation of Fusobacterium species as well as observation on significant co-occurrence within individual tumors of Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia and Campylobacter species. The tumor-associated bacteria that have been identified are all Gram-negative anaerobes, recognized previously as constituents of the oral microbiome, which are capable of causing infection.

fara_ally95 — 2017-11-21 14:41:53 UTC

This research investigate that Clostridium acetobutylicum is the only anaerobic microbe that can derive polyketides. Polyketides are an important class of bioactive small molecules valued not only for their diverse therapeutic applications, but also for their role in controlling interesting biological phenotypes in their producing organisms. C. acetobutylicum also use as an industrial producer of the organic solvents acetone, butanol, and ethanol.

In-vitro evaluation of marine derived fungi against Cutibacterium acnes

eelyn_yap — 2017-11-22 04:02:22 UTC

Cutibacterium acnes, (also known Propionibacterium acnes) is the main target for the prevention and medical treatment of acne vulgaris. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-C. acnes and antiS. epidermidis properties of some marine fungi isolated from different Indian marine environments. Methanol extracts of 35 isolates were screened for their antibacterial properties and 5 out of the 35 isolates displayed significant inhibition as compared with tetracycline. The extracts may have potential for development as an antibacterial agent in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Antimicrobial resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group in faecalsamples from patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics

AisyahLubis — 2017-11-24 01:01:45 UTC

- an anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis.

- One of the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogens from human infections and has high mortality and morbidity rate if the patient is not treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

- The objectives of this study are :

i)To investigate the distribution of the species and occurrence of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility in B. fragilis group from patients treated at departments with high level of antibiotic use

ii)To determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance gene

iii)To determine the association between previous antibiotic treatment and reduced susceptibility to clindamycin, meropenem, metronidazole and piperacillin-tazobactam

The role of anaerobic digestion in the emerging energy economy

puterinana — 2017-11-24 05:55:31 UTC

Anaerobic digestion is important in converting residue organics to renewable energy and biofuel. This study is beneficial as it help to develop more technologies for energy recovery.

In vitro efficacy of cefovecin against anaerobic bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs and cats with periodontal disease

dayangyusof — 2017-11-24 14:53:27 UTC

This article is about cefovecin which is an antimicrobial against anaerobes isolated from dogs/cats with periodontal disease. Solobacterium moorei was isolated from dogs with confirmed periodontitis for the first time. morover, Porphyromonas gulae and Porphyromonas crevioricanis were the dominant Gram-negative anaerobes in dogs/cats with periodontal disease. Cefovecin is thus shown to be effective in vitro against anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs and cats with periodontal disease.

Assessment of models for anaerobic biodegradation of a model bioplastic: Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)

hanamel16_co — 2017-11-26 07:20:02 UTC

Using E. coli as an experimental system to study the behavior ofprion-like proteins

skylineturbo96 — 2017-11-26 11:52:47 UTC

Bacteria and eukaryote share the same evolutionary trait. Global regulator Rho encoded in the genome of Clostridium botulinum when injected into E. coli, it behaved like prion and caused the genes normally suppressed by Rho to be expressed. It is the same like the prion protein found in yeast, which is eukaryote.

This might be due to the cause of adaptive ability of the bacteria when they face adverse condition such as when facing antibiotics.

(ERRA IZANIE 180077) Aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in rumen liquor and its implications

2017-11-28 05:59:57 UTC

Aflatoxin B₁ and B₂ producing Aspergillus flavus was isolated from rumen liquor.

Rumen liquor from which the isolate was obtained, contained aflatoxin B₁ and B₂.

Microbial inhabitants of rumen also can be a source of aflatoxin in rumen.

Aflatoxin B₁ may be converted to aflatoxin M₁ and excreted into cow milk.

This is the first report anaerobic production of aflatoxin B₁ and B₂.

Simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation of unprocessed food waste into ethanol using thermophilic anaerobic bacteria

adinasuraya — 2017-11-28 15:59:16 UTC

One-pot CRUDE process can be developed using thermophilic Thermoanaerobacter sp., which obviates the need for pre-processing of food waste and enable high substrate loading to improve the economics of ethanol production. An ethanol recovery High-Temperature-High-Pressure (HTHP) technique is also demonstrated to make the entire process continuous and to reutilize the thermophilic inoculum.

The Comparison of in vitro Digestibility of Wheat Straw by Rumen Anaerobic Fungi of Khuzestan Buffalo and Holstein Cattle

adlynjkt — 2017-11-29 00:25:18 UTC

This study was conducted to compare digestibility of wheat straw (WS) by fungi and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM). Dry matter (DM), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF and ADF) digestibility of WS were compared with in vitro digestion (IVD), gas production (GP) and specific rumen anaerobic fungi culture
(SRAFC).

fatinshaziera — 2017-11-29 00:36:50 UTC

Isolation and fermentative activity of rumen anaerobic fungi in dairy cows

raidahdawood95 — 2017-11-29 06:27:42 UTC

This study reports the growth and fermentation capacity in different carbohydrates of rumen fungi isolated from dairy cattle. Twelve fungal strains were recovered and were capable of degrading different carbohydrates and lignocellulosic components, suggesting that these strains are able to produce various degradative enzymes when grown on glucose, xylose, cellobiose, fructose, and cellulose.

Application of rumen microorganisms for anaerobic bioconversionof lignocellulosic biomass

syahdatul — 2017-12-03 09:26:09 UTC

Rumen microorganisms able to digest lignocellulosic biomass. This paper is about the development in the application of rumen microorganisms for lignocellulosic biomass conversion.

PRETREATMENT METHODS TO ENHANCE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC WASTE SOLID

ummu95_rahiman — 2017-12-04 17:47:58 UTC

Thermal pretreatment at low (<110 °C) temperatures and two-stage anaerobic digestion methods result in a more cost-effective process performance as compared to other pretreatment methods.

REFERENCE : Ariunbaatar, J., Panico, A., Esposito, G., Pirozzi, F., & Lens, P. N. (2014). Pretreatment methods to enhance anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste. Applied energy, 123, 143-156.

Anaerobic Fungi: A Potential Source of Biological H2 in the Oceanic Crust

malyanahzahari — 2017-12-05 07:06:24 UTC

- The presence of anaerobic fungi in deep-sea sediments and on the seafloor introduces a type of organism with attributes of geobiological significance not previously accounted for.

- The symbiotic cooperation between anaerobic fungi and methanogens in the rumen enhance the metabolic rate and growth of both

- This research propose anaerobic fungi as a source of bioavailable hydrogen in the oceanic crust, and a close interplay between anaerobic fungi and hydrogen-driven prokaryotes

Fungal treatment of lignocellulosic biomass: Importance of fungal species, colonization and time on chemical composition and in vitro rumen degradability

nathnadina — 2017-12-05 11:48:07 UTC

The aim of this study is to evaluate fungal treatments to improve in vitro rumen degradability of lignocellulosic biomass. the importance of this study is to highlight:

L. edodes improved the in vitro degradability of wheat straw, wood and miscanthus.
Increase in in vitro gas production is strongly correlated to lignin degradation.
Fungal treatment results in an increased cellulose concentration.
Duration of fungal treatment is an important aspect in lignin degradation.
Fungal growth is not always a good indicator of a successful fungal treatment.

Improvement in energy recovery by darkfermentative biohydrogen followed by biobutanolproduction process using obligate anaerobes

azny0809 — 2017-12-05 18:09:10 UTC

The aim of the present study was to enhance the overall energy recovery
from substrates through two-phase anaerobic dark fermentation process with
obligate anaerobes, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum. This process resulted in a significant increase in energy recovery (75.50%) as compared to the single stage dark fermentation proces

Improvement of biogas potential of anaerobic digesters using rumen fungi

syarahabas92 — 2017-12-07 07:54:23 UTC

This study investigated bioaugmentation with anaerobic rumen fungi to enhance the methane production. Methane production was found to increase by 60% with the addition of anaerobic rumen fungi. Controlling Bacteroidetes, Longilinea and Methanolinea sp. could promote the effective degradation of animal manure

Wastewater Opportunities for Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation

sabbenahidayat — 2017-12-07 22:43:01 UTC

Denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) can concurrently reduce methane emissions and nitrogen levels in aquatic environments. Study was done to propose the use of DAMO-based technology as a tool for sustainably operating wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

Anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota): advances in understanding their taxonomy, life cycle, ecology, role and biotechnological potential

2017-12-31 07:50:57 UTC

The recent application of next-generation sequencing techniques to identify anaerobic fungi has provided a great deal of insight into the phylogenetic diversity and host distribution of these microorganism. The identification of a number of putative uncultured genera should encourage the development of novel culturing techniques, in order to attempt to isolate anaerobic fungi representative
of these taxa. It is likely that these efforts will further emphasise the need for an overhaul of the taxonomy of the Neocallimastigomycota. Increased efforts to understand the functional diversity of these microorganism are beginning
to suggest that our current view of anaerobic fungi in the rumen is too simplistic. Efforts to study more anaerobic fungal genera using a combination of ‘-omics’
and traditional techniques will enhance our understanding of their functional diversification which is likely to have evolved as a means of avoiding niche competition. Additionally, attempts to genetically engineer and isolate robust
strains of anaerobic fungi will result in wider biotechnological application of anaerobic fungi and/or their enzymes in the future: making it more feasible to work with these fungi on a commercial scale and/or in continuous culture.