1.Mechanical wave-is a wave that is an oscillation of matter and is responsible for the transfer of energy through a medium.

The distance of the wave’s propagation is limited by the medium of transmission. In this case, the oscillating material moves about a fixed point, and there is very little translational motion. One intriguing property of mechanical wave is the way they are measured, which is given by displacement divided by wavelength. When this dimensi example, waves break on the beach when this factor exceeds 1, resulting in turbulence.onless factor is 1, it results in the generation of harmonic effects; for example, waves break on the beach when this factor exceeds 1, resulting in turbulence.

                            2.Electromagnetic Wave

Electromagnetic waves are created by a fusion of electric and magnetic fields. The light you see, the colours around you are visible because of electromagnetic waves.

One interesting property here is that unlike mechanical waves, electromagnetic waves do not need a medium to travel. All electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum at the same speed, 299,792,458 ms-              Following are the different types of electromagnetic waves:

● Microwaves

● X-ray

● Radio waves

● Ultraviolet waves

3.Matter wave
This concept is a little complicated to understand. The dual nature of matter; its ability to exist both as a particle and a wave was first brought to light by the founders of the field of Quantum Physics.

For example, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like any other beam of electromagnetic radiation or water wave. This property of matter was brought forward by Louis de Broglie's Hypothesis.

Seismic waves- Seismic waves are low-frequency acoustic waves that pass across the Earth's layers as a result of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, magma movement, massive landslides, and large man-made explosions. Ambient vibrations are caused by a number of natural and anthropogenic causes that emit low-amplitude waves.

Water waves- are waves that spread on the water's surface and are restored by gravity and surface tension. As a consequence, water with a free surface is usually thought of as a dispersive medium.

The laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification   based on the stimulated emission of the electromagnetic radiation. It is an acronym for “light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation. The laser is highly coherent, It is monochromatic in nature and the laser beams are hardly divergent.

A laser is different from conventional light sources in four ways: coherence, directionality, monochromaticity, and high intensity.

The light waves of ordinary light sources have many wavelengths. Hence, the photons emitted by ordinary light sources are out of phase. Thus, ordinary light is incoherent.

Process:

Lasers are playing an ever expanding role in material processing, from new product development to high volume manufacturing. For all laser processes, the energy of a laser beam interacts with a material to transform it in some way. Each transformation (or laser process) is controlled by precisely regulating the wavelength, power, duty cycle and repetition rate of the laser beam.

Importance of applications:

Laser technology is very important in the modern world because it is used in many fields, most notably measurement, where it is used to give high accuracy results in measuring small and large distances. Because of the laser's unique characteristics, lasers are used in various fields. Some important applications of lasers are discussed here. Lasers are used to destroy kidney stones. Lasers are used in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Lasers are used for eye lens curvature corrections. Lasers are used in fiber-optic endoscopes to detect ulcers in the intestines. Laser technology is also used for the purposes of generating heat in industrial cutting processes.