-       Impulse – a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

-       In restrospect – considering something that happened in the past

-       Market research – the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

-       Deciding factor – the thing that helps to make the final decision

-       Nutritional – concerning food as something that keeps you healthy

-       Obesity – a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for health.

-       Move on – to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different.
2. Complete the question with the words and phrases from Exercise1.
1. deciding factor
2. market research
3. nutritional
4. determine
5. in restrospect
6. impulse
7. obesity
8. move on
Global listening.
6.1. What do the researchers do from the checklist in before you listen?
Ask questions 
Ask for your name and address
Tell you how long it will take
Tell you where they work or study
Ask you to sign a confidentiality disclaimer
Tell you the name of their professor
Tell you the topic
Give you a reward
Tell you your.answers are right or wrong
Thank you for your time
Offer to send you a copy of or feedback on the finished research
6.2. What does the interview not to do that the orthers do?
Tell you how long it will take
Tell you where they work or study.
Close listening
1.   “ Choices ” Questionnaire
Consumer planning:
1 Why did you choose to come shopping here today?
Always come on (1)Saturday / get own (2) bits of shopping / do (3) the grocery shopping for (4) the household (5) my partner helps with groceries – then haircut or (6) a coffee / “Just what i (7) do”
  2 Did you buy anything unplanned?
Yes / sale / (8) a pair of shoes and some sheets half-price+ sheets ( needed the (9) sheets)
   Budget allocation
3 How much money did you spend on the trip? about (10) $120 – groceries (11) $76, shoes (12) were 25
 4 Do you have a specific budget when you go shopping?
(13) No
 Future intentions:
5 When do you plan to come here again? Same time next (14) week
6.4 Listen to the second interview and  make a note of the respondent's answers.
Doctorate Research, City University
Consumer planning:
Why did you decide to come shopping today?
(1) I don’t know, i don’t think i decide, i just felt like getting out of the house so i came out for a coffee at the mall and i just decided to pick up something while t was were.
Do you have a specific time of the week designated for shopping?
(2) yes, i always do Saturday shop.
Consumer intension
What stores did you visit? Why?
(3) Reasons –price / brand name / habits / location / sale/ other
Location (4) the bif kids clothes store at Zanies  Reason (5) for my granddaughter Flora and i know her mother likes it and buys most of her clothes there.
How would you describe your purchase decision?
(6)Other (please specify) both rational and impulse

 

Before  you watch

1.c Breakthrough(n): a sudden dramatic dícovery

2.d Cognitive functions(n): mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

3.b Counterpart(n): a person who has a similar function

4.a Hippocampus(n): a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

5.g Impair(v): to weaken or damage

6.e Onset(v): the beginning of something

Listening 1

Vocabulary Preview

1.

- Deciding factor(n): the thing that helps to make the final decision

- Determine(v): to control what something will be

- Impulse(n): a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

- In retrospect(n): considering something that happened in the past

- Market research(n): the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

- Move on( v): to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different

- Nutritional( adj): concerning food as something that keeps your healthy

- Obesity(n): a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for heath

2.

1. deciding factor  

2. market research 

3. nutritional                

4. determine           

5. in retrospect     

6. impulse          

7. obesity 

8. move on

Listening 2

Vocabulary Preview

- Convict(v): to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of crime

- Distort(v): to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate

- Ethical(adj): involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

- Imply(v): to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it

- Irrational(adj): done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

- Legitimate(adj): fair and reasonable, allowed by the law

- Reinforce(v): to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

- Skeptical(adj): having doubts about something that other people think is true or right

https://sites.google.com/view/listening-and-speaking-2/trang-ch%E1%BB%A7

VIDEO speaking task
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yLMNUhfFmz8iun4JAt3t4esHhes3bjdZ/view?usp=sharing
VIDEO dream house
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CvQs2bkGFiiwVQHc_oJYGHZmFYdY2TgI/view?usp=sharing


https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aDDP7e2_Ebo1rfFBWgbq1cM4lLeZ_3mZwTfKjSdr_tc/edit?usp=sharing

Vocabulary

Before  you watch: 

1.c Breakthrough(n): a sudden dramatic discovery

2.d Cognitive functions(n): mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

3.b Counterpart(n): a person who has a similar function

4.a Hippocampus(n): a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

5.g Impair(v): to weaken or damage

6.e Onset(v): the beginning of something

Listening 1

Vocabulary Preview

1.

 Deciding factor(n): the thing that helps to make the final decision

Determine(v): to control what something will be

Impulse(n): a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

In retrospect(n): considering something that happened in the past

Market research(n): the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

Move on( v): to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different

Nutritional( adj): concerning food as something that keeps your healthy

Obesity(n): a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for heath

2.

1. deciding factor  

2. market research 

3. nutritional                

4. determine           

5. in retrospect     

6. impulse          

7. obesity 

8. move on

Listening 2

Vocabulary Preview

Convict(v): to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of crime

Distort(v): to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate

Ethical(adj): involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

Imply(v): to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it

Irrational(adj): done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

Legitimate(adj): fair and reasonable, allowed by the law

Reinforce(v): to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

Skeptical(adj): having doubts about something that other people think is true or right.

Close listening

1.   “ Choices ” Questionnaire

Consumer planning:

1 Why did you choose to come shopping here today?

Always come on (1)Saturday / get own (2) bits of shopping / do (3) the grocery shopping for (4) the household (5) my partner helps with groceries – then haircut or (6) a coffee / “Just what i (7) do”

  2 Did you buy anything unplanned?

Yes / sale / (8) a pair of shoes and some sheets half-price+ sheets ( needed the (9) sheets)

   Budget allocation

3 How much money did you spend on the trip? about (10) $120 – groceries (11) $76, shoes (12) were 25

 4 Do you have a specific budget when you go shopping?

(13) No

 Future intentions:

5 When do you plan to come here again? Same time next (14) week.

*Listen to the second interview and  make a note of the respondent's answers.

Doctorate Research, City University

Consumer planning:

Why did you decide to come shopping today?

(1) I don’t know, i don’t think i decide, i just felt like getting out of the house so i came out for a coffee at the mall and i just decided to pick up something while t was were.

Do you have a specific time of the week designated for shopping?

(2) yes, i always do Saturday shop.

Consumer intension

What stores did you visit? Why? 

(3) Reasons –price / brand name / habits / location / sale/ other

Location (4) the bif kids clothes store at Zanies  Reason (5) for my granddaughter Flora and i know her mother likes it and buys most of her clothes there.

How would you describe your purchase decision?

(6)Other (please specify) both rational and impulse

1. The infographic reflects me and my family's spending experience at the millennial level. Most of the expenditure on housing and other expenses accounted for a higher proportion, followed by food at home and eating out, clothing and finally entertainment.

2. Companies use observational or situational methods to test employees' personalities and behaviors to find out why we behave the way we do.

3. Companies that use behavioral information by creating user surveys to learn the pros and cons of the company can then be more successful. I think the beneficiaries here will be companies.

4. I think every human behavior is possible and sometimes inexplicable.Behavior can be explained when it is a familiar behavior of each individual, for example, when we are hungry, we will eat. Human behavior cannot be explained when that behavior is behavior self-control that is difficult to control, such as game addiction, ...

1.breakthrough (n) : /ˈbreɪkθruː/ :a sudden dramatic discovery

2.cognitive functions (n): /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ /ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ :mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

3.counterpart (n): /ˈkaʊntə(r)ˌpɑː(r)t/ :a person who has a similar function

4.hippocampus (n)ˌ/hɪpəˈkæmpəs/: a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

5.impair (v) /ɪmˈpeə(r)/: to weaken or damage

6.onset (n): /ˈɒn.set/ :the beginning of something

WHILE YOU WATCH 

1. The increase in the number of Alzheimer's sufferers is due to our modern lifestyles / people living much longer 

2. Scientists believe playing chess can help prevent Alzheimer's because chess players have to memorize complex routes / it provides mental exercise / mostly old people play chess. 

3. London taxi drivers are less likely to develop Alzheimer's because they have to memorize various long and complex routes / they play chess

1.What do you know about Alzheimmer’s?

2.What methods of improving memory do you know?

3.How do you try to memorize new words when you learn them?

4.What do you know about playing chess?

5.Which aspects of aging do you worry about?

1. determine /dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪn/:to control something will be

2. impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/: a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

3. in retrospect /ˈretrəʊˌspekt/ : considering something that happened in the past

4. market research : the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

5. deciding factor : the thing that helps to make the final decision

6. nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃən(ə)l/ : concerning food as something that keeps you healthy

7. obesity  /əʊˈbiːsəti/ : a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for health

8. move on   /muːv- ɔn/ :to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different

1.What is a deciding factor for you when choosing which brand to buy?

2.Do you readily agree to take part in market research surveys?why/why not?

3.When choosing a snack to buy,do you look at the nutritional information on the package?

4.What do you consider to determine how much you spend each month?

5.Are there any products that, in retrospect,you wouldn’t have bought?

6.How often do you buy things on  impulse ? Why?

7.How much are rates of obesity affected by the low cost of fast food?

8.How easy do you find it to move on after wasting money on a product?

What do the researchers do from the checklist ?

Asking questions

Tell how long it will take

Tell you where they work or study

Tell the topic

Thank you for your time

What does the interviewer not do that others do?

Tell you where they work or study

1. The challenges faced by researchers is lack of motivation. Motivation is a very important thing when doing research but when researchers are no longer motivated it is very difficult to complete the task, next one of the most challenging problem of researchers is confidence when losing this means affecting the quality of work. In addition, the next challenge to mention is the lack of concentration while practicing. Doing research sometimes doesn't define the direction of research. And finally there is the ability to take risks: we all want to be successful at something and so do researchers, they just want to study success and fear failure. Although failure can bring them down, they can learn more from that failure than from success. They are often the catalyst for change that unleashes their latent potential.

2. To manage these challenges they need to set a rule for themselves and to be successful they need to follow those principles. From these principles can be built more success will help They have more confidence as well as more motivation for their work.

1.Can you tell me about your experience of shopping? - 

2. Which is your favorite store in this city? - 

3. How easy is it to go downtown and go shopping on the weekend? - 

4. If it weren’t possible to acquire items needed in one location, what

wouldn’t you choose to do? -

5. How often do shop online? Once a week or more / Less than once a week /

Never - 

6. How much money do you earn? - 

1.convict (v) : /kənˈvɪkt/ to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime

2.distort (v): /dɪˈstɔːrt/ to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate 

3.ethical (adj):  /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/ involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

4.imply (v): /ɪmˈplaɪ/ to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it

5.irrational ( adj): /ɪˈræʃ.ən.əl/ done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

6.legitimate (adj): /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/ fair and reasonable; allowed by the law

7.reinforce (v): /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/ to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

8.skeptical (adj): /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ having doubts about something that other people think is true or right

1. I believe it is wrong to convict people who do not commit crimes.

2. It is not ethical for companies to unfair to employees.

3. Information we see on social media often distorts the truth.

4. Advertisements tend to imply that enhancing the company's product.

5. It is right to be skeptical about her sales ability is good.

6. Tabloid news often reinforces the wrong message.

7. It is very easy to make irrational choices when you are angry.

8.Information search is a legitimate use of gain more knowledge about things you don't know.

6.5.Number the main points in order

1 What two assumptions does the lecturer present?

2 What reasoning does he provide for (or against) each one?

3 What conclusion does he draw?

1. Read the extracts from Market research and complete the phrases with the words from the box.

1. Follow

2.basis

3.understand

4.make

5.doubt

6.appear

7.stand

8.take

1. If I understand correctly clarifying understanding.

2. Casting doubt on making something seem less certain.

3. Make a note of that recording information for later

4. It would appear that saying something seems to be the case

5. On the basis of stating something as the reason for the next thing

6. I take it that stating that you think what you are saying is true

7. To follow up on that continuing a discussion point

8. Where you stand on stating what your opinion is about something

1.analogous (adj): /əˈnæləɡəs/ similar to another situation, so that the same things are true of both

2.consultation (n): /ˌkɑːn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction (n):/ˌkɒns(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true

4.equivalent (adj) /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else

5.ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication (n):/ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ a possible effect or result

7.interpretation (n):  ɪnˌtɜː(r)prɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational (adj): /ˈræʃ(ə)nəl/ based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions

2. complete sentences with the correct form of a word in bold from exercise 1

1.Ignorance is not an excuse. We need to recognize gaps in our knowledge and fill them.

2.The best way to make difficult decisions is through consultation with everyone involved.

3.It can be difficult to make an analogous purchasing decision when surrounded by deals and offers.

4.We have to accept that life is full of contradiction, and try to deal with the conflicting information.

5.The way we learn is implication to the way we fill a glass-we “pour” in the knowedge.

6.Much of what we say is open to interpretation : people understand things differently from each other.

7.All the rational of a decision need to be analyzed before agreeing to it.

8.There is no equivalent to having a face to face interview, if you want to get quality information.

 DISCUSSION POINT:
1. To what extent does the infographic reflect your and your family's experienced spending?
Yes. In my family, our parents spend the largest amount of money. They have to pay monthly bills, bring up their sons and daughters and even their parents. We don't have too many things to pay for. The main spendings focus on their personal needs such as clothes, food. Our grandparents use little money. They are pensioners. They dont need to make a living and only use their pension to live. In addition, their spending needs decrease because they dont need to build relationships or bring up kids like our parents.
 2. What methods do companies use to find out why we behave as we do? 
"Customer data can be collected in three ways: by directly asking customers, by indirectly tracking customers, and by appending other sources of customer data to your own," Companies collect data from consumer activity on their websites, social media pages, through customer phone calls and live chats 
3.  How do companies use information about behavior? Who benefits? 
Computers with complex algorithms and other forms of Al analyze and provide appropriate information for each customer.

4. Can all human behavior be explained ?
I think every human behavior is possible and sometimes we just can't explain it.

BEFORE YOU WATCH:

1.breakthrough (n) : /ˈbreɪkθruː/ :a sudden dramatic discovery

2.cognitive functions (n): /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ /ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ :mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

3.counterpart (n): /ˈkaʊntə(r)ˌpɑː(r)t/ :a person who has a similar function

4.hippocampus (n)ˌ/hɪpəˈkæmpəs/: a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

5.impair (v) /ɪmˈpeə(r)/: to weaken or damage

6.onset (n): /ˈɒn.set/ :the beginning of something

Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Scientists believe that for most people, Alzheimer's disease is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. Attention is one of the major components of memory. In order for information to move from your short-term memory into your long-term memory, you need to actively attend to this information. Try to study in a place free of distractions such as television, music, and other diversions. Take the time to think about how this information relates to what you already know. By establishing relationships between new ideas and previously existing memories.Reading materials out loud significantly improves your memory of the material the traditional way that i used to are is learning by heart mostly through speaking out loudloud, or write it down in a paper and read that word everyday to remember it Chess is a board game of strategic skill for two players, played on a checkered board. Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces that are moved and used to capture opposing pieces according to precise rules. The object is to put the opponent's king under a direct attack from which escape is impossible ( checkmate ). Diseases and children

1. impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ :to control something will be

2. determine /dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪn/ : a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

3. in retrospect /ˈretrəʊˌspekt/ : considering something that happened in the past

4. market research : the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

5. deciding factor : the thing that helps to make the final decision

6. nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃən(ə)l/ : concerning food as something that keeps you healthy . 

7. obesity  /əʊˈbiːsəti/ : a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for health. 

8. move on   /muːv- ɔn/ :to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different

1.What is a deciding factor for you when choosing which brand to buy?

2.Do you readily agree to take part in market research surveys?why/why not?

3.When choosing a snack to buy,do you look at the nutritional information on the package?

4.What do you consider to determine how much you spend each month?

5.Are there any products that, in retrospect,you wouldn’t have bought?

6.How often do you buy things on  impulse ? Why?

7.How much are rates of obesity affected by the low cost of fast food?

8.How easy do you find it to move on after wasting money on a product?

1.Can you tell me about your experience of shopping? -

2. Which is your favorite store in this city? -

3. How easy is it to go downtown and go shopping on the weekend? -

4. If it weren’t possible to acquire items needed in one location, what wouldn’t you choose to do? -

5. How often do shop online? Once a week or more / Less than once a week / Never -

6. How much money do you earn? -

1.convict (v) : /kənˈvɪkt/ to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime

2.distort (v): /dɪˈstɔːrt/ to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate

3.ethical (adj):  /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/ involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

4.imply (v): /ɪmˈplaɪ/ to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it

5.irrational ( adj): /ɪˈræʃ.ən.əl/ done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

6.legitimate (adj): /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/ fair and reasonable; allowed by the law

7.reinforce (v): /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/ to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

8.skeptical (adj): /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ having doubts about something that other people think is true or right

1. I believe it is wrong to convict people who don't have a real mistake.

2. It is not ethical for companies to cut down the salary of staff.

3. Information we see in tabloid journalism often distorts the truth.

4. Advertisements tend to imply that their product is high quality.

5. It is right to be skeptical about her ability to communicate.

6. Breaking news often reinforces the wrong message.

7. It is very easy to make irrational choices when you are angry.

8. Going to university is a legitimate use of knowledge for the future

GLOBAL LISTENING
Number the main points in order
the lecturer….

5. compares two different ideas introduced previously.

8. describes a question type that gives the answer.

7. examines a question type that introduces new emotions.

1. explains the choice of lecture focus.

9. identifies a question type that suggests too much.

2. introduces two issues to be discussed.

3. justifies the argument against the mind-bucket comparison.

4. presents an argument against questionnaires.

10. provides a conclusion combining the two issues.

6. supports an argument with evidence from research.

1.The memory-computer analogy is accurate.
F (our brains are very different from electronic computers, of course, you may forget or it maybe comes hard  to recall, but people assume that if they can recall it, it’ll be the same as when it went in)

2.Questionnaires can distort people’s answers.
T (most people assume that a questionnaire or interview is a fair way of finding out people’s opinion, after all you’re not about to say anything you don’t want to aren’t you?... in particular, on marketing or political purposes show how wrong this viewpoint is … we can see there’s a way to trigger this biases. which are fairly easy for people to use and in fact, it’s actually quite hard to avoid this triggering)

3.It is easy to manipulate the type of answer given.
T

4.It is not possible to make people believe false things about themselves.
F (a work of elizabeth lobster -a cognitive psychologist showed that: it’s possible to plant a memory, in other words t o make people believe,truly believe that they remember something that actually never happened, i’ll say that again, you can make people remember an experience that they haven’t had or details of an experience that are completely untrue in general, Psychological science, described how they implanted false memories so successfully that 70% of the subject believe them, more than double  what they are expected)

5.Politics and marketing using similar techniques.
T (if you using this research, you’re infected,distorting the research to suit your point of view, the first are called push-poll question, these works by introducing an idea or emotion that you wouldn’t  have already had, that deliberately suggest a cause of action,  they are a manipulation tool, widely used in politics and naturally marketing, i suppose you can say that politics is a form of marketing, getting people to choose your product or political party or candidate,

6.Introducing doubt can change people’s future decisions
T .(so they ask questions like “would you vote for this candidate if you knew that she was supposed by human rights groups? you haven’t introduced doubt, into the mind of the person you’re interviewing even though they may be know actual truth or substance in these idea that this candidate has human right issues, and it’s doubt may affect future’s actions or choices)

7.Leading questions are known to result in a reliable outcome.
F (. another type of question is commonly banned in Law Courts, it's the leading question, where you give the answer in the question such as: “on the night of the murder were you in New York” rather than a non-leading legitimate “where were you on the night of the murder” questions like these if they were to be allowed to possibly be used by the prosecution to convince a jury that they should convicted an innocent man )

8.People are influenced by suggestion.
T (and the third type of unfair unethical question for the purposes of research is “the suggestive qs”, this can neither adding a detail that make someone thinks they should remember it, even though they might not )

9.It is not clear how the issues of the mind and questionnaires are linked.
 F (what i have suggested up to now is basically there’s clear strong link between the police and the fairness of questions questionable benefit of questionnaires and the idea that the brain is a simple computer that cannot lie to itself)

1 What two assumptions does the lecturer present?

2 What reasoning does he provide for (or against) each one?

3 What conclusion does he draw?

1. Follow

2.basis

3.understand

4.make

5.doubt

6.appear

7.stand

8.take

1. If I understand correctly clarifying understanding.

2. Casting doubt on making something seem less certain.

3. Make a note of that recording information for later

4. It would appear that saying something seems to be the case

5. On the basis of stating something as the reason for the next thing

6. I take it that stating that you think what you are saying is true

7. To follow up on that continuing a discussion point

8. Where you stand on stating what your opinion is about something

1.analogous (adj): /əˈnæləɡəs/ similar to another situation, so that the same things are true of both

2.consultation (n): /ˌkɑːn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction (n):/ˌkɒns(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true . 

4.equivalent (adj) /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else .

5.ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication (n):/ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ a possible effect or result

7.interpretation (n):  ɪnˌtɜː(r)prɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational (adj): /ˈræʃ(ə)nəl/ based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions

1. Ignorance is not an excuse. We need to recognize gaps in our knowledge and fill them.

2.The best way to make difficult decisions is through consultation with everyone involved.

3.It can be difficult to make an analogous purchasing decision when surrounded by deals and offers.

4.We have to accept that life is full of contradiction, and try to deal with the conflicting information.

5.The way we learn is implication to the way we fill a glass-we “pour” in the knowedge.

6.Much of what we say is open to interpretation : people understand things differently from each other.

7.All the rational of a decision need to be analyzed before agreeing to it.

8.There is no equivalent to having a face to face interview, if you want to get quality information.

2.consultation: a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction: a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true . 

4.equivalent: the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else .

5.ignorance: lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication: a possible effect or result

7.interpretation: an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational: based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions
II
1. Ignorance
2. Consultation
3. Analogous
4. Contradiction
5. Implication
6. Interpretation
7. Rational
8. Equivalent

2. Scientists believe playing chat can help prevent Alzheimer's because chess players have to memorize complex routes/it provides mental exercise/ mostly old people play chess.

3 . London taxi drivers are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s because they have to memorize various long and complex routes/they play chess.

After you watch

1. What do you know about Alzheimer’s?

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive form of dementia. Dementia is a broader term for conditions caused by injury or brain disease that negatively affect your memory, thinking, and behavior. These changes affect everyday life.

2. What methods of improving memory do you know?

- Focus Your Attention

- Avoid Cramming

- Structure and Organize

- Utilize Mnemonic Devices

- Elaborate and Rehearse

- Visualize Concepts

- Read Out Loud

- Vary Your Study Routine

- Get Some Sleep

3.How do you try to memorize new words when you learn them?

Put the new word in a phrase or sentence

Group similar words together in lists

Write your own definition

Repeat every day, every week

Listening 1

Vocabulary preview
1.
- Deciding factor(n): to control what something will be
- Market research(n): a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something
- Nutritional (adj): considering something that happened in the past
- Determine(v):  the process of collecting information about people's product preferences
- In retrospect(n): the thing that help to make the final decision
- Impulse(n): concerning food as something  that keeps you healthy
- Obesity(n): a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for health
- Move on(v): to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different
2.
1 deciding factor 
 2 market research 
 3 nutritional
 4 determine
 5 in retrospect 
 6 impulse
 7 obesity
 8 move on

Listening 2
Vocabualary preview
1.
-convict (v) to decide and state officially in court that somebody is guilty of a crime
-distort (v)  to change facts or something so that they are no longer correct or true
-ethical (adj)  connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and wrong
-imply (v) to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it
-irrational (adj) done or happening without clear or sensible reasons
-legitimate (adj) there is a fair and acceptable reason
-reinforce (v) to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger
-skeptical (adj) having doubts about something that other people think is true or right
2.
- I believe it is wrong to convict the man who was hit by a truck and injured the drinker who was still driving
- It is not ethical for companies to cut down the salary of staff.
- Information we see on
- Advertisements tend to imply that their product is the best
- It is right to be skeptical about
often reinforce the wrong message
- It is very easy to make irrational choices when
 - is a legitimate use of 

1.breakthrough  /ˈbreɪkθruː/ (n)  :a sudden dramatic discovery

2.cognitive functions /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ /ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ (n)  :mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

3.counterpart /ˈkaʊntə(r)ˌpɑː(r)t/ (n) :a person who has a similar function

4.hippocampusˌ/hɪpəˈkæmpəs/ (n) : a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

5.impair /ɪmˈpeə(r)/ (v) : to weaken or damage

6.onset /ˈɒn.set/ (n)  :the beginning of something

 

1. Matching the words in the box with the correct definitions . 

1. impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ :to control something will be

2. determine /dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪn/ : a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

3. in retrospect /ˈretrəʊˌspekt/ : considering something that happened in the past

4. market research : the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

5. deciding factor : the thing that helps to make the final decision

6. nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃən(ə)l/ : concerning food as something that keeps you healthy . 

7. obesity  /əʊˈbiːsəti/ : a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for health. 

8. move on   /muːv- ɔn/ :to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different

 

2.Complete the questions with the words and phrases from exercise 1

 

1.What is a deciding factor for you when choosing which brand to buy?

2.Do you readily agree to take part in market research surveys?why/why not?

3.When choosing a snack to buy,do you look at the nutritional information on the package?

4.What do you consider to determine how much you spend each month?

5.Are there any products that, in retrospect,you wouldn’t have bought?

6.How often do you buy things on impulse ? Why?

7.How much are rates of obesity affected by the low cost of fast food?

8.How easy do you find it to move on after wasting money on a product?

  

 

1.convict /kənˈvɪkt/ (v) : to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime

 

2.distort  /dɪˈstɔːrt/ (v) : to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate

 

3.ethical /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/  (adj) : involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

 

4.imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ (v) : to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it

 

5.irrational  /ɪˈræʃ.ən.əl/ (adj) :done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

 

6.legitimate /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/ (adj) : fair and reasonable; allowed by the law

 

7.reinforce /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/ (v) :  to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

 

8.skeptical /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ (adj) :  having doubts about something that other people think is true or right

 

 

1. I believe it is wrong to convict people who are not directly involved in the case

 

2.  It is not ethical for companies to deduct employee salaries without reason.

 

3. Information we see on social networks often distorts the truth.

 

4. Advertisements tend to imply that their products will be better used than others.

 

5. It is right to be skeptical about how he manages employees.

 

6. Unofficial newspaper site often reinforces the wrong message.

 

7. It is very easy to make irrational choices when you do not awake.

 

8. Taking a course is a legitimate use of knowledge for the job.

 

6.5 Number the main points in order

the lecturer….

5. compares two different ideas introduced previously.

 

8. describes a question type that gives the answer.

 

7. examines a question type that introduces new emotions.

 

1. explains the choice of lecture focus.

 

9. identifies a question type that suggests too much.

 

2. introduces two issues to be discussed.

 

3. justifies the argument against the mind-bucket comparison.

 

4. presents an argument against questionnaires.

 

10. provides a conclusion combining the two issues.

 

6. supports an argument with evidence from research.

1. Read the extracts from Market research and complete the phrases with the words from the box.

 

1. Follow

2.basis

3.understand

4.make

5.doubt

6.appear

7.stand

8.take

 

2. Match the phrases from Exercise 1 with their function.

 

1. If I understand correctly clarifying understanding.

2. Casting doubt on making something seem less certain.

3. Make a note of that recording information for later

4. It would appear that saying something seems to be the case

5. On the basis of stating something as the reason for the next thing

6. I take it that stating that you think what you are saying is true

7. To follow up on that continuing a discussion point

8. Where you stand on stating what your opinion is about something

 

1.analogous /əˈnæləɡəs/ (adj) : similar to another situation, so that the same things are true of both

2.consultation /ˌkɑːn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ (n) : a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction /ˌkɒns(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ (n) : a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true . 

4.equivalent  /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ (adj) : the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else .

5.ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ (adj) : lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ (n) : a possible effect or result

7.interpretation / ɪnˌtɜː(r)prɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ (n) : an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational  /ˈræʃ(ə)nəl/ (adj) : based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions

 

1. Ignorance is not an excuse. We need to recognize gaps in our knowledge and fill them.

2.The best way to make difficult decisions is through consultation with everyone involved.

3.It can be difficult to make an analogous purchasing decision when surrounded by deals and offers.

4.We have to accept that life is full of contradiction, and try to deal with the conflicting information.

5.The way we learn is implication to the way we fill a glass-we “pour” in the knowedge.

Vocabulary
Before you watch
1.c Breakthrough(n): a sudden dramatic discovery
2.d Cognitive functions(n): mental activities that include acquiring information and memory
3.b Counterpart(n): a person who has a similar function
4.a Hippocampus(n): a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion
5.f Impair(v): to weaken or damage
6.e Onset(v): the beginning of something

While you watch

1 The increase in the number of Alzheimer’s sufferers is due to our modern lifestyles/people living much longer.

2 Scientists believe playing chess can help prevent Alzheimer’s because chess players have to memorize complex routes / it provides mental exercise / mostly old people play chess.

3 London taxi drivers are less likely to develop Alzheimer’s because they have to memorize various long and complex routes / they play chess.

After you watch

-  meditate

- sleep enough 

- can raise your IQ

- helps prevent Alzheimer’s disease

         - improves your memory

Listening 1
Vocabulary Preview
1.
- Deciding factor(n): the thing that helps to make the final decision
- Determine(v): to control what something will be
- Impulse(n): a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something
- In retrospect(n): considering something that happened in the past
- Market research(n): the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences
- Move on( v): to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different
- Nutritional( adj): concerning food as something that keeps your healthy
- Obesity(n): a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for heath
2.
1. deciding factor  
2. market research 
3. nutrition           
4. determine           
5. in hindsight     
6. impulse          
7. obesity 
8. move on

Before you listen

 Close listening
“ Choices ” Questionnaire
1. Saturday
2. bits of shopping
3. grocery
4. the household
5. partner
6. coffee
7. do
8. shoes
9. sheets
10. 120
11. 76
12. 25
13. no
14. week
Listen to the second interview and make a note of the respondent's answers.
1. didn't really decide
2. always do a Saturday shop
3. price and habit
4. kid's clothes store
5. granddaughter's mother likes it
6. rational and impulse

Listening 2
Vocabulary Preview
I. Match the words
1.g Convict(v): to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of crime
2.d Distort(v): to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate
3.h Ethical(adj): involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong
4.b Imply(v): to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it
5.f Irrational(adj): done or happening without clear or sensible reasons
6.c Legitimate(adj): fair and reasonable, allowed by the law
7.e Reinforce(v): to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger
8.a Skeptical(adj): having doubts about something that other people think is true or right
II. Complete the sentences
1. I believe it is wrong to convict people who do not commit crimes.

 2. It is not ethical for companies to produce counterfeit products.

 3. Information we see on social media often distorts the truth.

 4. Advertisements tend to imply that companies advertise, introduce their product to customers. 

 5. It is right to be skeptical about quality of counterfeit products

 6. Tabloid news often reinforces the wrong message.

 7. It is very easy to make irrational choices when you make decisions in a hurry.

 8. You using your money to buy something you like is a legitimate use of your property

Global listening 

1. explains the choice of lecture focus

2. introduces two issues to be discussed

3. justifies the argument against the mind- bucket comparison

4. presents an argument against questionnaires

5. compares two different ideas introduced previously

6. supports an argument with evidence from research

7. examines a question type that introduces new emotions

8. describes a question type that gives the answer

9. identifies a question type that suggests too much

10. provides a conclusion combining the two issues

 Close listening
T/F Question
1 The memory-computer analogy is accurate. F
2 Questionnaires can distort people’s answers. T
3 It is easy to manipulate the type of answer given. T
4 It is not possible to make people believe false things about themselves. F
5 Politics and marketing use similar techniques. T
6 Introducing doubt can change people’s future decisions. T
7 Leading questions are known to result in a reliable outcome. F
8 People are influenced by suggestions. T
9 It is not clear how the issues of the mind and questionnaires are linked. F

Vocab development
1.
to follow up on that -  7
on the basis of
if I understood correctly - 1
make a note of that -  3
casting doubt on
it would appear that
where U stand on
I take it that -  6
2. 

Academic words
1 analogous (adj) - c
2 consultation (n) - d
3 contradiction (n) - e
4 equivalent (adj) - a
5 ignorance (n) - f
6 implication (n) - b
7 interpretation (n) - g
8 rational (adj) - h

Grammar

1. Can you tell me if you bought anything unplanned?

2. Would you mind telling me how much money you spent on this trip?

3. I’d like to know when you plan to come here again.

4. I wonder if I could ask you a few questions?

5. Can you tell me why you decided to come shopping today?

6. Could you please explain what choices you made in terms of actual stores?

7. I’d like to know where you stand on the brand in the picture.

 

The infographic reflects my and my family's spending experience at the younger generation level. Most of the money is spend all others spending , followed by food at home  and eat out, then clothes and finally entertainment. My family belongs to Generation X

 

In my opinion, I think that organizations use methods to research and gather data and information in the fastest way through family studies
3 How do companies use information about behavior? Who benefits?
Most of the companies use behavioral data by providing overview information to shoppers, who shop more will benefit more
4. Can all human behavior be explained?
I mean most human behavior can be clarified. For example, when we suffer we will cry
BEFORE YOU WATCH:

 

1.breakthrough (n) : /ˈbreɪkθruː/ :a sudden dramatic discovery

2.cognitive functions (n): /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ /ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ :mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

3.counterpart (n): /ˈkaʊntə(r)ˌpɑː(r)t/ :a person who has a similar function

4.hippocampus (n)ˌ/hɪpəˈkæmpəs/: a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

5.impair (v) /ɪmˈpeə(r)/: to weaken or damage

6.onset (n): /ˈɒn.set/ :the beginning of something
Match : 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A, 5-F, 6-E

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that causes the brain to shrink (atrophy) and brain cells to die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that affects a person's ability to function independently.

The methods I know are : exercising regularly, limiting stress, eating healthfully, and getting enough sleep

I will keep an organised vocabulary notebook, Look at the words again after 24 hours, after one week and after one month ,read them and Use the new words. ...

Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides of a board containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king.

 5.Which aspects of aging do you worry about ?

I worry about my body changing, it will get weaker and I won't be as healthy as I was when I was younger

1. impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ :to control something will be

2. determine /dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪn/ : a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

3. in retrospect /ˈretrəʊˌspekt/ : considering something that happened in the past

4. market research : the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

5. deciding factor : the thing that helps to make the final decision

6. nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃən(ə)l/ : concerning food as something that keeps you healthy . 

7. obesity  /əʊˈbiːsəti/ : a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for health. 

8. move on   /muːv- ɔn/ :to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different
 
 

2.Complete the questions with the words and phrases from exercise 1
 1.What is a deciding factor for you when choosing which brand to buy?

2.Do you readily agree to take part in market research surveys?why/why not?

3.When choosing a snack to buy,do you look at the nutritional information on the package?

4.What do you consider to determine how much you spend each month?

5.Are there any products that, in retrospect,you wouldn’t have bought?

6.How often do you buy things on  impulse ? Why?

7.How much are rates of obesity affected by the low cost of fast food?

8.How easy do you find it to move on after wasting money on a product?
 
 

1.

 (1)  saturday 

 (2)  shopping

 (3)  groceries

 (4)  household

 (5)  partners 

 (6)  coffee 

 (7)  do

 (8)  shoes 

 (9)  sheets

 (10) $120

 (11) $76

 (12) $25

 (13) no

 (14) week

LISTENING 2
 VOCABULARY REVIEW
 1.Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.
 1.convict (v) : /kənˈvɪkt/ to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime
 2.distort (v): /dɪˈstɔːrt/ to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate
3.ethical (adj):  /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/ involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong
 4.imply (v): /ɪmˈplaɪ/ to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it
5.irrational ( adj): /ɪˈræʃ.ən.əl/ done or happening without clear or sensible reasons
 6.legitimate (adj): /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/ fair and reasonable; allowed by the law
7.reinforce (v): /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/ to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger
8.skeptical (adj): /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ having doubts about something that other people think is true or right
2.Complete the sentences using your own ideas.
 
1. I believe it is wrong to convict people who don't do bad things

 

2. It is not ethical for companies to  work overtime without pay

 

3. Information we see in magazine often distorts the truth.

 

4. Advertisements tend to imply that their product is good

 

5. It is right to be skeptical about  her personality

 

6. Facebook articles often reinforces the wrong message.

 

7. It is very easy to make irrational choices when you are angry.

 

5. compares two different ideas introduced previously.
 8. describes a question type that gives the answer.

 7. examines a question type that introduces new emotions.

1. explains the choice of lecture focus.
 9. identifies a question type that suggests too much.
 2. introduces two issues to be discussed.

3. justifies the argument against the mind-bucket comparison.
 4. presents an argument against questionnaires.
 10. provides a conclusion combining the two issues.
 6. supports an argument with evidence from research.
 
 CLOSE LISTENING
 1.Listen to the lecture again and decide if the statements are T (True) or F (False), according to the speaker. Correct the false statements.
 1. T 

1. Read the extracts from Market research and complete the phrases with the words from the box.
1. follow

2.basis

3.understand

4.make

5.doubt

6.appear

7.stand

8.take
 
 

2. Match the phrases from Exercise 1 with their function.
 1. If I understand correctly clarifying understanding.

2. Casting doubt on making something seem less certain.

3. Make a note of that recording information for later

4. It would appear that saying something seems to be the case

5. On the basis of stating something as the reason for the next thing

6. I take it that stating that you think what you are saying is true

7. To follow up on that continuing a discussion point

8. Where you stand on stating what your opinion is about something

ACADEMIC WORDS
 1.analogous (adj): /əˈnæləɡəs/ similar to another situation, so that the same things are true of both

2.consultation (n): /ˌkɑːn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction (n):/ˌkɒns(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true . 

4.equivalent (adj) /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else .

5.ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication (n):/ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ a possible effect or result

7.interpretation (n):  ɪnˌtɜː(r)prɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational (adj): /ˈræʃ(ə)nəl/ based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions
2. Complete sentences with the correct form of a word in bold from exercise 1 . 

 

1. Ignorance 

2. consultation .

3. analogous 

4. contradiction.

5. implication 

 6. interpretation 

7. rational 

8. equivalent 

 

 

 1.Breakthrough: a sudden dramatic discovery

 2.Cognitive functions: mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

 3.Counterpart: a person who has a similar function

 4.Hippocampus: a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

 5.Impair: to weaken or damage

 6.Onset: the beginning of something 

1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A, 5-F, 6-E

Listening 1 

I

1.Determine(v): to control what something will be

 2.Impulse(n): a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

 3.In retrospect(n): considering something that happened in the past

 4.Market research(n): the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences 

 5.Deciding factor(n): the thing that helps to make the final decision 

 6.Nutritional( adj): concerning food as something that keeps your healthy

 7.Obesity(n): a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for heath 

 8.Move on( v): to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different 

II

1. deciding factor  

 2. market research 

 3. nutrition           

 4. determine           

 5. in hindsight     

 6. impulse          

 7. obesity 

 8. move on 

III. Interview your partner with the questions from Excercise 2

Listening 2

Vocabulary Preview 

 1.Convict( v) : /kənˈvɪkt/ to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of crime

 2.Distort (v): /dɪˈstɔːrt/ to change something so that it is no longer true or accurate

 3.Ethical (adj):  /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/ involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

 4.Imply (v): /ɪmˈplaɪ/ to suggest something is likely to be true without saying it

 5.Irrational ( adj): /ɪˈræʃ.ən.əl/ done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

 6.Legitimate  (adj): /ləˈdʒɪt̬.ə.mət/ fair and reasonable, allowed by the law

 7.Reinforce (v): /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/  to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

 8.Skeptical  (adj): /ˈskep.tɪ.kəl/ having doubts about something that other people think is true or right 

Phrases for navigating between questions

1. Read the extracts from Market research and complete the phrases with the words from the box.

1. follow

2. basis

3. understand

4. make

5. doubt

6. appear

7. stand

8. take

1. If I understand correctly

2. Casting doubt on

3. Make a note of that

4. It would appear that

5. On the basis of

6. I take it that

7. To follow up on that

8. Where you stand on

Academic words

I

1.analogous: similar to another situation, so that the same things are true of both

2.consultation: a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction: a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true . 

4.equivalent: the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else .

5.ignorance: lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication: a possible effect or result

7.interpretation: an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational: based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions

II

1. Ignorance

2. Consultation

3. Analogous

4. Contradiction

5. Implication

6. Interpretation

7. Rational

8. Equivalent

1. To what extent does the infographic reflect your and your family's experience of spending?
=>The infographic specifically reflects my and our family's consumption levels. From there, we can control how much we spend. Our family belongs to Millenials.

2. What methods do companies use to find out why we behave as we do?
=> In my opinion, companies often use methods such as interviews, direct Q&A, or through multiple choice surveys.

3. How do companies use information about behavior? Who benefits?
=> Companies will use information about behavioral data by providing an overview to consumers. The beneficiaries will be more early buyers.

 4. Can all human behavior be explained?
=> I think not possible. Because not all human behavior has a purpose. In some cases, human behavior will be driven by emotions.

 Before you watch:

 

1.breakthrough (n): /ˈbreɪkθruː/: a sudden dramatic discovery

2.cognitive functions (n): /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ /ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/: mental activities that include acquiring information and memory

3.counterpart (n): /ˈkaʊntə(r)ˌpɑː(r)t/: a person who has a similar function

4.hippocampus (n)ˌ/hɪpəˈkæmpəs/: a part of the brain associated with memory and emotion

5.impair (v) /ɪmˈpeə(r)/: to weaken or damage

6.onset (n): /ˈɒn.set/: the beginning of something

 Match: 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A, 5-F, 6-E

1. determine /dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪn/:  to control something will be

2. impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/: a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

3. in retrospect /ˈretrəʊˌspekt/: considering something that happened in the past

4. market research: the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences

5. deciding factor: the thing that helps to make the final decision

6. nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃən(ə)l/: concerning food as something that keeps you healthy 

7. obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/: a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for health

8. move on /muːv- ɔn/: to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different

1. deciding factor

2. market research

3. nutritional

4. determine

5. in retrospect

6. impulse

7. obesity

8. move on

 

 

 

1. convict /kənˈvɪkt/ (v): to prove in a court of law that s.o is guilty of a crime 

2. distort /dɪˈstɔːt/ (v):  to change sth so that is no longer true or accurate

3. ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ (a): involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

4. imply (v): to suggest sth is likely to be true without saying it

5. irrational /ɪˈræʃənl/ (a): done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

6.  legitimate / lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət / (a): fair and reasonable, allowed by the law

7. reinforce /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/ (v): to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

8. skeptical /ˈskeptɪkl/ (a): having doubts about sth that other people think is true or right

 

5. compares two different ideas introduced previously

8. describes a question type that gives the answer

7. examines a question type that introduces new emotions

1. explains the choice of lecture focus

9. identifies a question type that suggests too much

2. introduces two issues to be discussed

3. justifies the argument against the mind-bucket comparison

4. presents an argument against questionnaires

10. provides a conclusion combining the two issues

6. supports an argument with evidence from research

 

1. F

2.T

3. T

4.F

5.T

6.T

7.F

8.T

9.F

 

1. To follow up on that 

2. on the basis of

3. if I understood correctly

4. make a note of that 

5. casting doubt on

6. it would appear that

7. where U stand on

8. I take it that 

 

 

1.analogous (adj): /əˈnæləɡəs/ similar to another situation, so that the same things are true of both

2.consultation (n): /kɑːn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction (n):/ˌkɒns(ə)lˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true
 

4.equivalent (adj) /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else

5.ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/: lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication (n):/ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ a possible effect or result

7.interpretation (n):  ɪnˌtɜː(r)prɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational (adj): /ˈræʃ(ə)nəl/ based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions

 

 

1. ignorance

2. consultation

3. analogous

4. contradiction

5. implication

6. interpretation

7. rational

8. equivalent

 

 

 

 

 

 

   2. Before you watch

      Vocabulary

       While you watch

3. Listening 1: Market research:

4. Listening 2

   Vocabulary 

5. Speaking

Indirect questions are used for different purposes in English. However, all indirect questions usually have the subject-verb order of a declarative sentence, and an auxiliary is not needed. 

 Indirect questions make a direct question softer and more polite. We do this by adding a question head, e.g., Can you tell me ..., I wonder if ... 

Why did you decide to come shopping today? 

Can you tell me why you decided to come shopping today? 

 The indirect form is used to report questions people asked. This usually involves a tense change and a pronoun change, too. Can we help? They asked if they could help

Most expenditures for families living in or near poverty include food, transportation, rent, electricity, water, and cell phone service.

To learn about our behavior, companies frequently rely on data from a variety of sources. They could have behavioral data from direct sources like sales or customer surveys.

4. Can all human behavior be explained?
 I mean most human behavior can be clarified. For example, when we suffer we will cry.

BEFORE YOU WATCH

1.     Breakthough = advance : a sudden dramatic discovery

Ex: Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer.

2.     Cognitive functions: mental activities that include acquiring information and memory.

3.     Counterpart- b, a person who has a similar function

Ex: The prime minister is to meet his European counterparts.

4.     Hippocampus: a,  a part of the brain associated with the memory and emotion. (Vùng hải mã trong não)

Ex: Hippocampus is a complex brain structure embedded deep into temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory.

5.     Inpair: to weaken or damage

6.     Onset: the beginning of something 

WHILE YOU WATCH

Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life. Scientists believe that for most people, Alzheimer's disease is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. Attention is one of the major components of memory. In order for information to move from your short-term memory into your long-term memory, you need to actively attend to this information. Try to study in a place free of distractions such as television, music, and other diversions. Take the time to think about how this information relates to what you already know. By establishing relationships between new ideas and previously existing memories.Reading materials out loud significantly improves your memory of the material the traditional way that i used to are is learning by heart mostly through speaking out loudloud, or write it down in a paper and read that word everyday to remember it Chess is a board game of strategic skill for two players, played on a checkered board. Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces that are moved and used to capture opposing pieces according to precise rules. The object is to put the opponent's king under a direct attack from which escape is impossible ( checkmate ). Diseases and children

Listening 1 

I

1.Determine(v): to control what something will be

 2.Impulse(n): a sudden, strong feeling that you must do something

 3.In retrospect(n): considering something that happened in the past

 4.Market research(n): the process of collecting information about people’s product preferences 

 5.Deciding factor(n): the thing that helps to make the final decision 

 6.Nutritional( adj): concerning food as something that keeps your healthy

 7.Obesity(n): a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for heath 

 8.Move on( v): to stop doing or discussing something and do or discuss something different

A. Vocabulary Preview

1.

1. convict /kənˈvɪkt/ (v): to prove in a court of law that s.o is guilty of a crime 

 

2. distort /dɪˈstɔːt/ (v):  to change sth so that is no longer true or accurate

 

3. ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ (a): involving the principles used for deciding what is right and wrong

 

4. imply (v): to suggest sth is likely to be true without saying it

 

5. irrational /ɪˈræʃənl/ (a): done or happening without clear or sensible reasons

 

6.  legitimate / lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət / (a): fair and reasonable, allowed by the law

 

7. reinforce /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/ (v): to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

 

8. skeptical /ˈskeptɪkl/ (a): having doubts about sth that other people think is true or right

 

Global listening

5. compares two different ideas introduced previously

 

8. describes a question type that gives the answer

 

7. examines a question type that introduces new emotions

 

1. explains the choice of lecture focus

 

9. identifies a question type that suggests too much

 

2. introduces two issues to be discussed

 

3. justifies the argument against the mind-bucket comparison

 

4. presents an argument against questionnaires

 

10. provides a conclusion combining the two issues

 

6. supports an argument with evidence from research

 

Close listening

1. T

2.T

3. T

4.F

5.T

6.T

7.F

8.T

9.F

GLOBAL LISTENING

VOCABULARY: VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

 

1. Read the extracts from Market research and complete the phrases with the words from the box.

 

1. Follow

2.basis

3.understand

4.make

5.doubt

6.appear

7.stand

8.take

Academic word

1.analogous: similar to another situation, so that the same things are true of both

2.consultation: a discussion between people or groups before they make a decision

3.contradiction: a difference in statements that makes it impossible for all to be true . 

4.equivalent: the same size, value, importance, or meaning as something else .

5.ignorance: lack of knowledge or facts about a situation or particular subject

6.implication: a possible effect or result

7.interpretation: an explanation or opinion of the meaning or importance of something

8.rational: based on sensible, practical reasons rather than emotions

- Dome /dəʊm/ (n): a rounded structure shaped like the top half of a ball (mái vòm). 

- Geological /ˌdʒi.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj): relating to the study of Earth's physical structure (thuộc địa chất) 

- Isolation /ˌaɪ.səlˈeɪ.ʃən/ (n): a state of separation from others (sự cô lập). 

- Leap /liːp/ (n): a large step (bước nhảy vọt). 

- Quarry /ˈkwɒr.i/ (n): a place where rocks or minerals have been extracted from the ground (mỏ đá). 

- Simulate /ˈsɪm.jə.leɪt/ (v): to imitate or copy st (bắt chước). 

I: Vocabulary

analogy(n): a comparison between two situations that is intended to show similarities.

conculde (v): to decide that something is true after looking at all the evidence you have.

detect(v): to prove that something is present using scientific methods.

exacerbate (v): to make a problem become worse.

payoff (n): the benefit that you get from doing something.

surpass (v): to become better or greater than something else.

vertical (adj): standing, pointing, or moving straight up.

weightless (adj): having no weight, especially because of being outside Earth's atmosphere.

Listenning II:

- Accommodate (v): /əˈkɒm.ə.deɪt/ to consider and include st when you are deciding what to do.(xem xét) 

- Hazard (n): /ˈhæz.əd/ st that could be dangerous. (nguy hiểm, rủi ro). 

- Interaction (n): /ˌɪn.təˈræk.ʃən/ the activity of being with and talking to other people. (sự tương tác). 

- Navigation (n): /ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ a way to find and follow a path through a difficult place (sự định vị). 

- Parallel (adj):/ˈpær.ə.lel/ describing lines that are the same distance apart at every point along their whole length. (song song). 

- Source (v): /sɔːs/ to locate or obtain st from a particular place. (có nguồn gốc từ) 

- Stable (adj) /ˈsteɪ.bəl/: not changing frequently and not likely to suddenly become worse (ổn định, cững chắc). 

- Stimulus (n): /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ anything that encourages st happen, develop or improve. (sự kích thích).

Complete the sentences with the words in bold from Exercise 1.

1. Computer systems nowadays are completely........

2. Face-to-face meetings are better than online meetings because they allow more..Before you listen ... between the people involved.

3. Soon our planet won't be able to..Global listening ... everyone, so we need to expand into space.

4. Technology has made...Close listening ... so easy that people are losing the ability to find their way around new places without it.

5. The main..Critical thinking .... for space travel is the human desire to discover new things.

6. The possibility of bringing back new diseases is a major.... of space travel.

7. Two lines that are...... can never meet.

8. Employers need to...... new talent to ensure their companies are successful. 

CRITICAL THINKING 

VOCABULARY 

1. Vocabulary development 

- Curve (n): /kɜːv/ a line that bends continuously and has no straight parts (đường cong). 

- Datapoint (n): /ˈdeɪtə pɔɪnt/ an individual item in a set of electronic data ( điểm dữ liệu). 

- Label (n): /ˈleɪ.bəl/ tên biểu đồ

- Series data /ˈsɪə.riːz ˈdeɪ.tə/ (chuỗi dữ liệu)

- Unit of measurement /ˈmeʒ.ə.mənt/ đơn vị đo lường

- X-asix (trục hoành)

- Y-asix (trục tung)

2. Academic words 

- Deduce (v): /dɪˈdʒuːs/ to know st as a result of considering the evidence you have (suy ra). 

- Exceed (v): /ɪkˈsiːd/ to be greater than a number or amount (vượt quá). 

- Formula (n): a plan or method for dealing with a problem or achieving a result. (kế hoach, phương pháp). 

- Guidelines (n): /ˈɡaɪd.laɪnz/ official instructions or advice about how to do sth  (đường lối chỉ đạo). 

- Logic (n): /ˈlɒdʒ.ɪk/ the way someone connects ideas when explaining or giving a reason. (chuỗi lí luận). 

- Principle (n): /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/ a basic belief that has a major influence on the way sth is done. (nguyên tắc). 

- Successive (adj):/səkˈses.ɪv/ coming or happening one after another in a series (liên tục). 

- Validity (n): /vəˈlɪd.ə.ti/ the extent to which st is logical, reliable, and correct. (tính hiệu lực, hợp lệ). 

Choose the correct word for the collocations.

Before you watch

- Dome /dəʊm/ (n): a rounded structure shaped like the top half of a ball (mái vòm). 

- Geological /ˌdʒi.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ (adj): relating to the study of Earth's physical structure (thuộc địa chất) 

- Isolation /ˌaɪ.səlˈeɪ.ʃən/ (n): a state of separation from others (sự cô lập). 

- Leap /liːp/ (n): a large step (bước nhảy vọt). 

- Quarry /ˈkwɒr.i/ (n): a place where rocks or minerals have been extracted from the ground (mỏ đá). 

- Simulate /ˈsɪm.jə.leɪt/ (v): to imitate or copy st (bắt chước). 

I: Vocabulary

analogy(n): a comparison between two situations that is intended to show similarities.

conculde (v): to decide that something is true after looking at all the evidence you have.

detect(v): to prove that something is present using scientific methods.

exacerbate (v): to make a problem become worse.

payoff (n): the benefit that you get from doing something.

surpass (v): to become better or greater than something else.

vertical (adj): standing, pointing, or moving straight up.

weightless (adj): having no weight, especially because of being outside Earth's atmosphere.

Listenning II:

- Accommodate (v): /əˈkɒm.ə.deɪt/ to consider and include st when you are deciding what to do.(xem xét) 

- Hazard (n): /ˈhæz.əd/ st that could be dangerous. (nguy hiểm, rủi ro). 

- Interaction (n): /ˌɪn.təˈræk.ʃən/ the activity of being with and talking to other people. (sự tương tác). 

- Navigation (n): /ˌnæv.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ a way to find and follow a path through a difficult place (sự định vị). 

- Parallel (adj):/ˈpær.ə.lel/ describing lines that are the same distance apart at every point along their whole length. (song song). 

- Source (v): /sɔːs/ to locate or obtain st from a particular place. (có nguồn gốc từ) 

- Stable (adj) /ˈsteɪ.bəl/: not changing frequently and not likely to suddenly become worse (ổn định, cững chắc). 

- Stimulus (n): /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ anything that encourages st happen, develop or improve. (sự kích thích).

Complete the sentences with the words in bold from Exercise 1.

1. Computer systems nowadays are completely........

2. Face-to-face meetings are better than online meetings because they allow more..Before you listen 

.... between the people involved.

3. Soon our planet won't be able to..Global listening ... everyone, so we need to expand into space.

4. Technology has made...Close listening ... so easy that people are losing the ability to find their way around new places without it.

5. The main..Critical thinking .... for space travel is the human desire to discover new things.

6. The possibility of bringing back new diseases is a major.... of space travel.

7. Two lines that are...... can never meet.

8. Employers need to...... new talent to ensure their companies are successful. 

CRITICAL THINKING 

VOCABULARY 

1. Vocabulary development 

- Curve (n): /kɜːv/ a line that bends continuously and has no straight parts (đường cong). 

- Datapoint (n): /ˈdeɪtə pɔɪnt/ an individual item in a set of electronic data ( điểm dữ liệu). 

- Label (n): /ˈleɪ.bəl/ tên biểu đồ

- Series data /ˈsɪə.riːz ˈdeɪ.tə/ (chuỗi dữ liệu)

- Unit of measurement /ˈmeʒ.ə.mənt/ đơn vị đo lường

- X-asix (trục hoành)

- Y-asix (trục tung)

2. Academic words 

- Deduce (v): /dɪˈdʒuːs/ to know st as a result of considering the evidence you have (suy ra). 

- Exceed (v): /ɪkˈsiːd/ to be greater than a number or amount (vượt quá). 

- Formula (n): a plan or method for dealing with a problem or achieving a result. (kế hoach, phương pháp). 

- Guidelines (n): /ˈɡaɪd.laɪnz/ official instructions or advice about how to do sth  (đường lối chỉ đạo). 

- Logic (n): /ˈlɒdʒ.ɪk/ the way someone connects ideas when explaining or giving a reason. (chuỗi lí luận). 

- Principle (n): /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/ a basic belief that has a major influence on the way sth is done. (nguyên tắc). 

- Successive (adj):/səkˈses.ɪv/ coming or happening one after another in a series (liên tục). 

- Validity (n): /vəˈlɪd.ə.ti/ the extent to which st is logical, reliable, and correct. (tính hiệu lực, hợp lệ). 

Choose the correct word for the collocations.

Discussion point:

1. Is space travel worth the money? Why why not?

In my opinion, everyone wants to be able to travel to space once to see what it is like, and this payment according to many people is a form of money.

2. What should the goal of space exploration be?

Exploring space helps people have more understanding of the earth, accumulate knowledge, develop opportunities and find ways to solve serious problems happening around where they live.

3. Why do humans explore?

Humans are always curious and bent to explore the outside world, partly to satisfy their passion, partly to want to learn information about the world and about space. Plus, it helps us answer fundamental questions about the universe and the solar system

4. What will humans explore in the future?

Thanks to the fact that people are always exploring, I think that humans and the world are getting more and more modern and developed step by step. Plus there are more useful and economical inventions and a better life in the future.

Before you watch

1 Dome (n)----a a rounded structure shaped like the top half of a ball

Ex: Gerald had a long grey beard and a shiny bald dome

4 Leap (n)----b a large step

Ex:I leaped up to answer the phone.

5 quarry  —-c a place where rocks or minerals have been extracted from the ground

3 Isolation  —d astate of separation from others

Ex:A high wall isolated the house from the rest of the village.

2 Geological(adj) —-e relating to the study of Earth's physical structure

Ex:the complex geological structure of the region

6 Simulate (v) —--f to imitate or copy something

Ex:In cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood.

After you watch

Discuss these questions in a group.

   1 What would you do if asked to go to Mars?

I don't know how to say it, but I love to explore new places. It would be fun if I had the opportunity to set foot on Mars. In addition, I will prepare the most appropriate equipment and tools when coming to Mars. It's great.

   2 What do you think you will miss most when doing the mission?

When I started to do the quests and after I finished, I remember the most when learning the information when receiving the quest. Because when I receive my own task, I feel motivated and learn about the issues related to that task.

   3 Describe the longest time you spent with friends and family.

That was when I traveled during summer vacation 2018. When I finished my college entrance exam. Me and my family and friends organized a trip to Dalat. A place with beautiful nature and cool air. We have fun together and enjoy the beautiful scenery and delicious food. A trip with so many good memories.

  4 Do you feel the money spent on space exploration could be better spent on improving conditions on Earth? Explain.

Honestly, the money spent on space exploration could be better spent on improving conditions on earth. When people learn and discover the problems that are happening on the earth, people will actively improve the earth. It is never a waste to actively improve the earth.

LISTENING1: The new space race

A Vocabulary preview

1 analogy  –a comparison between two situations that is intended to show similarities

Ex;He drew an analogy between the brain and a vast computer.

2 conclude (v)--b to decide that something is true after looking at all the evidence you have

Ex:She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility.

3 detect (v)--e to prove something is present using scientific methods

Ex:Some sounds cannot be detected by the human ear

4 exacerbate (v)--f to make a problem become worse

Ex:This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.

5 payoff (n)--a the benefit that you get from doing something

Ex:The payoff for years of research is a microscope that performs better than all of its competitors.

6 surpass (v)--c to become better or greater than something else

Ex;His time for the 100 meters surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.

7 vertical (adj)--g standing, pointing, or moving straight up

Ex:She looked over the cliff and found she was standing at the edge of a vertical drop.

8 weightless (adi)--d having no weight, especially because of being outside Earth's atmosphere

Ex:There is a lot of interest in carrying out experiments in the weightless conditions which are experienced aboard space stations.

B Before you listen

C Global listening

6-Competitions encourage financial investment in space travel.

2-Distant planets are being discovered more easily now.

(so in 2002, about 40 new planets were discovered…and nearly 100 of those discoveries… Two

years later, in 2014, it exceeded everyone’s expectations of what was possible—nearly

1,000 planets were discovered)

8-Early adopters can already buy an experience in space.

4-There are several methods for discovering the existence of planets.

1- The future of space research will focus on distant planets.

1. Dome: a rounded structure shaped like
the top half of a ball

Ex: Gerald had a long grey beard and a
shiny bald dome

4. Leap: a large step

Ex:I leaped up to answer the phone.

5.quarry: a place where rocks or minerals
have been extracted from the ground

. Isolation: astate of separation from
others

Ex:A high wall isolated the house from the
rest of the village.

2.Geological: relating to the study of
Earth's physical structure

Ex:the complex geological structure of the
region

6.Simulate:  to imitate or copy something

LISTENING1: The new space race

A Vocabulary preview

1 analogy: a comparison between two
situations that is intended to show similarities

Ex;He drew an analogy between the brain
and a vast computer.

2 conclude: (b) to decide that something
is true after looking at all the evidence you have

Ex:She concluded the speech by reminding
us of our responsibility.

3 detect: (e) to prove something is
present using scientific methods

Ex:Some sounds cannot be detected by the
human ear

4 exacerbate: (f) to make a problem become
worse

Ex:This attack will exacerbate the already
tense relations between the two communities.

5 payoff: (a) the benefit that you get from
doing something

Ex:The payoff for years of research is a
microscope that performs better than all of its competitors.

6 surpass: (c) to become better or greater
than something else

Ex;His time for the 100 meters surpassed
the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.

7 vertical: (g) standing, pointing, or
moving straight up

Ex:She looked over the cliff and found she
was standing at the edge of a vertical drop.

8 weightless (d) having no weight,
especially because of being outside Earth's atmosphere

Ex:There is a lot of interest in carrying
out experiments in the weightless conditions which are experienced aboard space
stations.

Discussion point:

1. Is space travel worth the money? Why
why not?

In my opinion, everyone wants to be able
to travel to space once to see what it is like, and this payment according to
many people is a form of money.

2. What should the goal of space exploration ?

The main goals for space exploration should first be the
preservation of planet Earth as a human habitat and, second, for human beings
to settle in another haven, e.g. to colonise Mars.

3. Why do humans explore?

Humans are always curious and bent to
explore the outside world, partly to satisfy their passion, partly to want to
learn information about the world and about space. Plus, it helps us answer
fundamental questions about the universe and the solar system.

4. What will humans explore in the future?

I think further exploration will potentially involve
expedition and the other planets and settlements on the moon as well as
establishing mining and fueling outposts, particularly in the asteroid belt.
Physical exploration outside the solar System will be robotic for the
foreseeable future.

Before you watch

dome (n) a rounded structure shaped like the top half of a ball (mái vòm)

geological (a) relating to the study of Earth's physical structure ( địa chất học)

isolation (n) a state of separation from others ( sự cô lập)

leap (n) a large step (bước nhảy vọt)

quarry (n) a place where rocks or minerals have been extracted from the ground ( mỏ đá)

simulate (v) to iminate or copy sth ( mô phỏng)

1-A

2.E

3-D

4-B

5-C

6-F

AFTER YOU WATCH

Discuss these questions in
a group.

1 What would you do if
asked to go to Mars?

I think I will be very
happy, because I love to explore everything special on Mars. I will prepare
many necessary tools and equipment there.

2 What do you think you will miss most when doing the mission?

When I started to do the quests and after
I finished, I remember the most when learning the information when receiving
the quest. Because when I receive my own task, I feel motivated and learn about
the issues related to that task.

3 Why do humans explore?

Discover
new worlds, test our scientific and technological limits, and then push even
harder. For centuries, our society has benefited from the intangible desire to
explore and challenge the boundaries of what we know and where we've been.

4 Do you feel the money spent on space exploration could be better spent on improving conditions on Earth? Explain.

In my opinion, the money spent on space exploration could be better spent on improving conditions on earth. Especially, when people learn and discover the problems that are happening on the earth, people will actively improve the earth.

1-H

2-B

3-E

4-F

5-A

6-C

7-G

8-D

1. Match the words

1. accommodate (v)
/əˈkɑː.mə.deɪt/ to consider and include something when you are deciding what to
do

2. hazard (n)
/ˈhæz.ɚd/ something that could be dangerous

3. interaction (n)
/ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ the activity of being with and talking to other people

4. navigation (n)
/ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ a way to find and follow a path through a difficult place

5. parallel (adj) /ˈper.ə.lel/
describing lines that are the same distance apart at every point along their
whole length

6. source (v)
/sɔːrs/ to locate and obtain something from a particular place

7. stable (adj)
/ˈsteɪ.bəl/ not changing frequently and not likely to suddenly

become worse

8. stimulus (n)
/ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ anything that encourages something to happen,

develop, or improve

 

2.

          1. stable

          2. interaction

          3. accommodate

          4. navigation

          5. stimulus

          6. hazard

          7. parallel

          8. source

Discussion point:

1. Is space travel worth the money? Why
why not?

In my opinion, everyone wants to be able
to travel to space once to see what it is like, and this payment according to
many people is a form of money.

2. What should the goal of space exploration ?

The main goals for space exploration should first be the
preservation of planet Earth as a human habitat and, second, for human beings
to settle in another haven, e.g. to colonise Mars.

3. Why do humans explore?

Humans are always curious and bent to
explore the outside world, partly to satisfy their passion, partly to want to
learn information about the world and about space. Plus, it helps us answer
fundamental questions about the universe and the solar system.

4. What will humans explore in the future?

I think further exploration will potentially involve
expedition and the other planets and settlements on the moon as well as
establishing mining and fueling outposts, particularly in the asteroid belt.
Physical exploration outside the solar System will be robotic for the
foreseeable future.

Before you watch

dome (n) a rounded structure shaped like the top half of a ball (mái vòm)

geological (a) relating to the study of Earth's physical structure ( địa chất học)

isolation (n) a state of separation from others ( sự cô lập)

leap (n) a large step (bước nhảy vọt)

quarry (n) a place where rocks or minerals have been extracted from the ground ( mỏ đá)

simulate (v) to iminate or copy sth ( mô phỏng)

1-A

2.E

3-D

4-B

5-C

6-F

AFTER YOU WATCH

Discuss these questions in
a group.

1 What would you do if
asked to go to Mars?

I think I will be very
happy, because I love to explore everything special on Mars. I will prepare
many necessary tools and equipment there.

2 What do you think you will miss most when doing the mission?

When I started to do the quests and after
I finished, I remember the most when learning the information when receiving
the quest. Because when I receive my own task, I feel motivated and learn about
the issues related to that task.

3 Why do humans explore?

Discover
new worlds, test our scientific and technological limits, and then push even
harder. For centuries, our society has benefited from the intangible desire to
explore and challenge the boundaries of what we know and where we've been.

4 Do you feel the money spent on space exploration could be better spent on improving conditions on Earth? Explain.

In my opinion, the money spent on space exploration could be better spent on improving conditions on earth. Especially, when people learn and discover the problems that are happening on the earth, people will actively improve the earth.

1-H

2-B

3-E

4-F

5-A

6-C

7-G

8-D

1. Match the words

1. accommodate (v)
/əˈkɑː.mə.deɪt/ to consider and include something when you are deciding what to
do

2. hazard (n)
/ˈhæz.ɚd/ something that could be dangerous

3. interaction (n)
/ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ the activity of being with and talking to other people

4. navigation (n)
/ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ a way to find and follow a path through a difficult place

5. parallel (adj) /ˈper.ə.lel/
describing lines that are the same distance apart at every point along their
whole length

6. source (v)
/sɔːrs/ to locate and obtain something from a particular place

7. stable (adj)
/ˈsteɪ.bəl/ not changing frequently and not likely to suddenly

become worse

8. stimulus (n)
/ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ anything that encourages something to happen,

develop, or improve

 

2.

          1. stable

          2. interaction

          3. accommodate

          4. navigation

          5. stimulus

          6. hazard

          7. parallel

          8. source

*Before you watch
Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.
1.          change (v)  /tʃeɪndʒ/ to exchange one thing for another thing, especially of a similar type
2.          constraints (n)  /kənˈstreɪnt/ limitations or restrictions
3.          diligent (adj)  /ˈdɪl.ə.dʒənt/ being careful and conscientious in work
4.          latch on to(v) attach to
5.          proximity (n)  /prɑːkˈsɪm.ə.t̬i/ nearness
6.          segregation (n) /ˌseɡ.rəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ the separation of different types of people
7.          unchaperoned (adj) without supervision

1 Not many Saudi women wish to work.

2 It is difficult to employ Saudi women because they cannot work close to unmarried Saudi men.

3 Saudi women wish to work in order to help support their families.

4 Private companies don’t like employing Saudi women.
5. a Abusulayman thinks it’s more important to get a job than to wait for the perfect job.

*LISTENING          

1.          campaign (n)  /kæmˈpeɪn/ a series of actions intended to produce political or social change

2.          cutthroat (adj)  /ˈkʌtˌθroʊt/ describing situations when people behave unfairly to get an advantage

3.          directive (n) /dɪˈrek.tɪv/ an official order

4.          do away with(v) to get rid of something

5.          feasible (adj) /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ possible or likely to succeed

6.          glimpse (n)  /ɡlɪmps/ when you see someone or something for a moment only

7.          infrastructure (n) /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃɚ/ the set of systems within an organization that affect operations

8.          vulnerable (adj)/ˈvʌl.nɚ.ə.bəl/  weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally

2 Complete the questions with the words in bold from Exercise 1.
1 Have you been part of a campaign to encourage people to reuse rather than replace items?

2 How would you improve the infrastructure of the place you work or study?

3 Should a company directive be followed without question?

4 What household items could you happily do away with ?
5 What makes companies or people  in the modern world?

6 Is it   to expect people vulnerable to change household goods so often?

7 Do businesses do better in a  feasible environment, or would cooperation be more effective?

8 Is a glimpse of a better future enough to get people to accept change?

C Global listening

1 Hailey challenges / supports the changes.

2 Chris questions / justifies the changes.

Chris introduces the topic of online communication.

3 Chris outlines/questions the advantages of online meetings.

4 Hailey questions / agrees with the effectiveness of technology.

5 Rashid makes / asks for a suggestion.

6 Chandini expresses satisfaction with / concern about the changes.

Chris introduces the topic of storing information.

7 Rashid identifies / stops a threat.

8 Chris challenges / reassures the group.

Chris introduces the topic of tablets.

9 Chandini argues against / supports the topic.

10 Chris disagrees with / explains the reasons for a decision.

D Close listening

T/1 Chris argues that though a system works now, it might not in the future. (works now isn’t going to work in 5, 10 , 15 years)

F/2 Hailey agrees that clients are no longer interested in face-to-face meetings. ( clients want to meet face to face, to feel that someone actually cares about them! I don’t believe they’ll want to give that up. )
F/3 Chris suggests that recording meetings may be a negative action. ( record online meetings, which is a lot easier than taking minutes, and we can go back over them and get closer to the customer needs and it’ll be a big time-saver for everyone)
T/4 Rashid mentions a colleague who would have worked effectively in this situation. (advantage inviting Jackie to a few meetings )
T/5 Chandini explains the strength of her views on this issue.
T/6 Rashid is concerned about competitors accessing confidential information.
( security = confidence ) - we all know how easy it is to hack into a computer system
F/7 Chris explains that an outside company will be totally responsible for all levels of security.
T/8 Hailey suggests that even top-level organizations face issues with security. ( I have my doubts.  security breaches at the highest government level almost every day )
T/9 Chandini knows about working on tablets from her domestic situation.
T/10 Rashid agrees Chris’s final point is a good idea.
(Well, that’s one good thing anyway! )

8.2 Listen to each speaker from the discussion.
1 Which of the accents are more familiar to you?

2 Which are easier for you to understand? Why?

2 LISTENING        

1 Match the words in the box with the correct definition.
1.          addictive (adj)  /əˈdɪk.tɪv/ so enjoyable that you want to have it as often as possible.

2.          agenda (n)  /əˈdʒen·də/ all the things that need to be done, thought about, or solved

3.          angle (n)  /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ a particular way of thinking about something

4.          coverage(n)  /ˈkʌv.ɚ.ɪdʒ/ news about something on TV or radio or in the newspapers

5.          exaggerate (v)  /ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/ to describe something in a way that makes it seem,e.g., better or worse than it really is

6.          insight (n)  /ˈɪn.saɪt/ a chance to understand something or learn more about it

7.          perception (n)  /pəˈsep.ʃən/  a particular way of understanding or thinking about something

8.          revert to (v) to return to a previous state or way of behaving

2 Complete the sentences with your views.

1 … is highly addictive and needs to be controlled.

2 … news coverage is the most reliable.

3 Companies tend to exaggerate …

4 In times of change, it is too easy to revert to …

5 … should make sure everyone is aware of the agenda.

6 People’s perceptions are often …

7 We can get a great deal of insight by …

8 Broadcast companies need to find a particular angle to …

1. What’s the top news story today?

2. So, what do you think will happen next?

3. What you are describing is the CNN effect. Can anyone explain what it is?

4. For those of you who haven’t read about the Feiler effect, could you explain it in one sentence?

1.   What’s the top news story today?

->  the storm in South America

2.   So, what do you think will happen next?
-> I guess we’ll send aid, along with other countries (I know they’re appealing for it and the government has already sent helicopters to deliver food.)

3.    What you are describing is the CNN effect. Can anyone explain what it is?
->  it is the way that news reports tend to influence the way governments react to events

4.   For those of you who haven’t read about the Feiler effect, could you explain it in one sentence?
-> I think it means that we’re now able to process information faster, keeping up with the news.

D Close listening

1 Hi, guys! Sorry I’m running a little bit late ...
2 ... but that’s no excuse ... so, let’s sit down and get started.
3 ... OK, we have a lot of catching up to do if we’re going to cover everything we need to ...
4 ... so, where were we last time? Did we get onto the CNN effect?

5 ... I’m talking about the public perception that the powers-that-be are on the ball, following the game, if you like.
6 Because we have to be fast in a fast-moving, twenty-four seven (24/7) world, right?
7 That’s a great point—you certainly know your stuff!
8 It goes hand in hand with the CNN effect I’m talking about ...

8.6 Listen to two longer extracts from the second lecture. Write a short answer to each question.
Extract 1

1 What does the lecturer apologize for at the start?
-> for being late

2 What problem is there in relation to next week’s lecture?
-> There is a lot of catching up to do

3 Why does the lecturer refer to last week?

4 What joke does the lecturer make about the student named Ed?
-> He only watched sports news.

Extract 2
5 How many different roles can the media have, according to the source quoted?
-> three

6 What is the question connected to the second role?
-> where does the money come from?
7 How does the public want to see their leaders?
-> responsive, acting fast and decisively
8 What kind of world do we live in nowadays, according to the lecturer?
-> fast-moving , 24/7

 

1-c : constraints (n) limitations or restrictions

2-b : diligent (adj) being careful and conscientious in work

3-a : latch on to (v) attach to

4-d : proximity (n) nearness

5-e : segregation (n) the separation of different types of people

6-f : unchaperoned (adj) without supervision

1-F

2-T

3-T

4-F

5-T

1-b : campaign (n) a series of actions intended to produce political or social change

2-f : cutthroat (adj)  describing situations when people behave unfairly to get an advantage

3-d : directive (n) an official order

4-a : do away with (v) to get rid of something

5-h : feasible (adj)  possible or likely to succeed

6-c : glimpse (n) when you see someone or something for a moment only

7-g : infrastructure (n) the set of systems within an organization that affect operations

8-e :  vulnerable (adj)weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally

1 - campaign

2 - infrastructure

3 - directive

4 - do away with

5 - vulnerable

6 - feasible

7 - cutthroat

8 -  glimpse

Ex1: What can we do differently now in these places thanks to technology?

*Before you watch
Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.
1.          change (v)  /tʃeɪndʒ/ to exchange one thing for another thing, especially of a similar type
2.          constraints (n)  /kənˈstreɪnt/ limitations or restrictions
3.          diligent (adj)  /ˈdɪl.ə.dʒənt/ being careful and conscientious in work
4.          latch on to(v) attach to
5.          proximity (n)  /prɑːkˈsɪm.ə.t̬i/ nearness
6.          segregation (n) /ˌseɡ.rəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ the separation of different types of people
7.          unchaperoned (adj) without supervision

1 Not many Saudi women wish to work.

2 It is difficult to employ Saudi women because they cannot work close to unmarried Saudi men.

3 Saudi women wish to work in order to help support their families.

4 Private companies don’t like employing Saudi women.
5. a Abusulayman thinks it’s more important to get a job than to wait for the perfect job.

*LISTENING          

1.          campaign (n)  /kæmˈpeɪn/ a series of actions intended to produce political or social change

2.          cutthroat (adj)  /ˈkʌtˌθroʊt/ describing situations when people behave unfairly to get an advantage

3.          directive (n) /dɪˈrek.tɪv/ an official order

4.          do away with(v) to get rid of something

5.          feasible (adj) /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ possible or likely to succeed

6.          glimpse (n)  /ɡlɪmps/ when you see someone or something for a moment only

7.          infrastructure (n) /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃɚ/ the set of systems within an organization that affect operations

8.          vulnerable (adj)/ˈvʌl.nɚ.ə.bəl/  weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally

2 Complete the questions with the words in bold from Exercise 1.
1 Have you been part of a campaign to encourage people to reuse rather than replace items?

2 How would you improve the infrastructure of the place you work or study?

3 Should a company directive be followed without question?

4 What household items could you happily do away with ?
5 What makes companies or people  in the modern world?

6 Is it   to expect people vulnerable to change household goods so often?

7 Do businesses do better in a  feasible environment, or would cooperation be more effective?

8 Is a glimpse of a better future enough to get people to accept change?

C Global listening

1 Hailey challenges / supports the changes.

2 Chris questions / justifies the changes.

Chris introduces the topic of online communication.

3 Chris outlines/questions the advantages of online meetings.

4 Hailey questions / agrees with the effectiveness of technology.

5 Rashid makes / asks for a suggestion.

6 Chandini expresses satisfaction with / concern about the changes.

Chris introduces the topic of storing information.

7 Rashid identifies / stops a threat.

8 Chris challenges / reassures the group.

Chris introduces the topic of tablets.

9 Chandini argues against / supports the topic.

10 Chris disagrees with / explains the reasons for a decision.

D Close listening

T/1 Chris argues that though a system works now, it might not in the future. (works now isn’t going to work in 5, 10 , 15 years)

F/2 Hailey agrees that clients are no longer interested in face-to-face meetings. ( clients want to meet face to face, to feel that someone actually cares about them! I don’t believe they’ll want to give that up. )
F/3 Chris suggests that recording meetings may be a negative action. ( record online meetings, which is a lot easier than taking minutes, and we can go back over them and get closer to the customer needs and it’ll be a big time-saver for everyone)
T/4 Rashid mentions a colleague who would have worked effectively in this situation. (advantage inviting Jackie to a few meetings )
T/5 Chandini explains the strength of her views on this issue.
T/6 Rashid is concerned about competitorsaccessing confidential information.
( security = confidence ) - we all know how easy it is to hack into a computer system
F/7 Chris explains that an outside company will be totally responsible for all levels of security.
T/8 Hailey suggests that even top-level organizations face issues with security. ( I have my doubts.  security breaches at the highest government level almost every day )
T/9 Chandini knows about working on tablets from her domestic situation.
T/10 Rashid agrees Chris’s final point is a good idea.
(Well, that’s one good thing anyway! )

8.2 Listen to each speaker from the discussion.
1 Which of the accents are more familiar to you?

2 Which are easier for you to understand? Why?

2 LISTENING        

1 Match the words in the box with the correct definition.
1.          addictive (adj)  /əˈdɪk.tɪv/ so enjoyable that you want to have it as often as possible.

2.          agenda (n)  /əˈdʒen·də/ all the things that need to be done, thought about, or solved

3.          angle (n)  /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ a particular way of thinking about something

4.          coverage(n)  /ˈkʌv.ɚ.ɪdʒ/ news about something on TV or radio or in the newspapers

5.          exaggerate (v)  /ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/ to describe something in a way that makes it seem,e.g., better or worse than it really is

6.          insight (n)  /ˈɪn.saɪt/ a chance to understand something or learn more about it

7.          perception (n)  /pəˈsep.ʃən/  a particular way of understanding or thinking about something

8.          revert to (v) to return to a previous state or way of behaving

2 Complete the sentences with your views.

1 … is highly addictive and needs to be controlled.

2 … news coverage is the most reliable.

3 Companies tend to exaggerate …

4 In times of change, it is too easy to revert to …

5 … should make sure everyone is aware of the agenda.

6 People’s perceptions are often …

7 We can get a great deal of insight by …

8 Broadcast companies need to find a particular angle to …

1. What’s the top news story today?

2. So, what do you think will happen next?

3. What you are describing is the CNN effect. Can anyone explain what it is?

4. For those of you who haven’t read about the Feiler effect, could you explain it in one sentence?

1.   What’s the top news story today?

->  the storm in South America

2.   So, what do you think will happen next?
-> I guess we’ll send aid, along with other countries (I know they’re appealing for it and the government has already sent helicopters to deliver food.)

3.    What you are describing is the CNN effect. Can anyone explain what it is?
->  it is the way that news reports tend to influence the way governments react to events

4.   For those of you who haven’t read about the Feiler effect, could you explain it in one sentence?
-> I think it means that we’re now able to process information faster, keeping up with the news.

D Close listening

1 Hi, guys! Sorry I’m running a little bit late ...
2 ... but that’s no excuse ... so, let’s sit down and get started.
3 ... OK, we have a lot of catching up to do if we’re going to cover everything we need to ...
4 ... so, where were we last time? Did we get onto the CNN effect?

5 ... I’m talking about the public perception that the powers-that-be are on the ball, following the game, if you like.
6 Because we have to be fast in a fast-moving, twenty-four seven (24/7) world, right?
7 That’s a great point—you certainly know your stuff!
8 It goes hand in hand with the CNN effect I’m talking about ...

1. How much of the information in the infographic were you familiar with? Trying your best is the most fundamental way to overcome this time.

=> There are: toothbrush, frying oil, pillows, mattress

2. Why do people change items less often than recommended?

=> Because of their habits, financial conditions or at least, they are very busy so that they don’t have much time

3. Why do people change items more often than needed?

=> Because they care about their health, lifestyle

4. What are the wider benefits and drawbacks of replacing items (e.g., economic, environmental)?

1. campaign

2. infrastructure

3. directive

4. do away with

5. vulnerable

6. feasible

7. cutthroat

8. glimpse

1. challenges

2. justifies

3. outlines

4. questions

5. makes

6. concern about

7. identifies

8. reassures

9. argues against

10. explain

  1.

1T, 2F, 3F, 4T, 5T, 6T, 7F, 8T, 9T, 10T

1. Twenty-four-hour news provides continuous news coverage

2. Broadcasters compete to present new first

3. One broadcaster is concerned a fast pace of delivery has a negative effect

4. A new cycle involves the first report, followed by reaction to this

5. The news cycle is much faster with 24/7 coverage

6. Channels need audiences in order to make money from advertising

7. The success of 24/7 coverage surprised many people

8.4

1. What's the top news story today?

2. So, what do you think will happen next?

3. What you are describing is the CNN effect. Can anyone explain what it is?

4. For those of you who haven’t read about the Feiler effect, could you explain it in one sentence?

1. running

2. sit down

3. catching up

4. where were

5. the ball/ the game

6. fast moving/ seven

7. your stuff

8. -in-hand

1. for being late

2. there is a lot of catching up to do

3. to establish where the lecture ended

4. he only watched sports news

5. three

6. Where does the money come from?

7. responsive, acting fast and decisively

1. words

2. what

3. record

4. finger

5. thoughts

6. ball

7. outs

8. guard

The economic category is the most important because the marine economy's integrated economic development is critical to the economy. It adds significant economic value, promotes economic and commercial development, restructures the economy by territory, creates jobs, and improves people's lives, among other things.

Fishing, large-scale coastal developments, pollution, and climate change are all increasing at a rapid rate, putting entire ocean systems on the verge of irreversible tipping points.

The health of the ocean is in jeopardy. The health of humans and the health of the ocean are inextricably linked. As a result, it's critical that we strategically identify the ocean's most serious threats and consider the best ways to address them.

To reduce the negative anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment, good governance, an enabling environment, sustainable land- and marine-based human activities, and adequate measures will be required.

Combat (v): to fight against/ prevent

Leg (n): a flat object that is attached to a surface

Panel (n): part of journey

Promote (v): to encourage the use of something

Renewable (adj): describing an energy that can replace itself by  natural processes

The Greenpeace ship is solar powered - T

Greenpeace is an international organization - T

There are regular power cuts in Lebanon - F

Using solar energy is better for people's health - F

Solar panels are much cheaper in Lebanon because more people use them. - T

Youthful: /ˈjuːθfl/: typical of young people

Tame: /teɪm/:  a long, thin piece of a natural or artificial substance, similar to a thread or hair in shape

Popularize: /ˈpɑːpjələraɪz/: to make something popular with many people

Caution: /ˈkɔːʃn/: careful thought and lack of hurry in order to try to avoid risks or danger

Maneuver: /məˈnuːvər/: to perform an action or movement that you need care and skill to do

Associate: /əˈsəʊsieɪt/: to form a connection in your mind between different people or things

Fibers: /ˈfaɪbər/: to bring something under control

Metaphors: /ˈmetəfər/: a word or phrase used to refer to something different in order to emphasize the two thing's similar qualities.

a. tame

b. metaphor

c. maneuver

d. fibers

e. associate

f. popularize

g. caution

h. youthful

Alarming: /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/: frightening or worrying

Consumption:  /kənˈsʌmpʃn/: the process of buying or using goods

Hypothesis: haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/: an idea that attempts to explain something, but has not yet been tested or proved

Overestimate: /ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt/: to make a mistake by providing an amount or number that is too high

Reproduce: / ˌRiːprəˈduːs /: to repeat or produce something in the same way as before

Resistance: /rɪˈzɪstəns/: a refusal to accept something new such as a plan, idea, or change

Yield: jiːld/: an amount of something that is produced or gathered

Industrialized: /ɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪzd/: describing a place or society with a lot of industry

1-d; 2-f; 3-c; 4-a; 5-g; 6-h; 7-e; 8-b

1. It can be alarming when you hear a sudden, loud crash of thunder.

2. An example of a famous hypothesis is that sleep-deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleeping.

3. Industrialized countries should be responsible for combating climate change.

4. An example of an experiment that's difficult to produce a high degree of accuracy.

5. In farming, the yield can be increased by you can improve your soil fertility through the addition of compost manure.

6. Nowadays, in many places, there is more resistance to the drug.

7. People tend to overestimate what can be done in one year

8, Our consumption of products needs to meet the basic needs of food and water.

1 - Unspoiled

2 - Fragile

3 - Viable

4 - Thriving

5 - Bleak

6 - Comparative safety

7 -  Adverse conditions

8 -  Devastation

Convention: /kənˈvenʃn/: a way of behaving that is generally accepted as being normal and right

Dimension: /daɪˈmenʃn/: length, height, or width

Domain: a particular area or activity of life

Duration:/duˈreɪʃn/: the period of time during which something continues to happen

Marginal: /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl/: very small or insignificant

Rely on: to trust something or someone to do something for you

Sustain: /səˈsteɪn/: to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist

Underlie: /ˌʌndərˈlaɪ/: to the the real or basic cause of or reason for something

EX1: 

1-h; 2-e; 3-g; 4-c; 5-a; 6-d; 7-b; 8-f

EX2:

1 - domain

2 -  rely on

3 - marginal

4 - underlie

5 - dimension

6 - duration

7 - sustain

8 - convention

 

 

1.
          constraints (n) :  /kənˈstreɪnt/ limitations or
restrictions

2. .
        diligent (adj) : /ˈdɪl.ə.dʒənt/ being careful and
conscientious in work

3.      latch on to(v)    :attach to

4. .          proximity (n) 
  : /prɑːkˈsɪm.ə.t̬i/ nearness

5.    segregation (n)   : /ˌseɡ.rəˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
the separation of different types of people

7.          unchaperoned (adj)
:  without supervision

1C    2B     3A       4D         5E       6F

 

Why you watch

1T               2T            3F             4F            5T

Listening 1

A Vocab p

1.campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/  (n): a series of actions intended to produce political or social change  

2.cutthroat  /ˈkʌt θrəʊt/  (adj): describing situations when people organization that affect operations  

3.directive(n): an official order 

4.do away with(v): to get rid something   

5.feasible /ˈfiːzəbl/  (adj): possible or likely to succeed  

6.glimpse  /ɡlɪmps/  (n): when you see someone or something for a moment only  (nhìn thoáng qua)

7.infrastructure   /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/  (n): the set of systems within an organization that affect operations ( cơ sở hạ tầng)

8.vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/  (adj): weak or easy to hurt physically or mentally   (dễ bị tổn thương)review

Match

1B    2F       3D       4A          5H        6C         7G             8E

Chris starts the discussion.

1 Hailey challenges / supports the changes.

2 Chris questions / justifies
the changes.

Chris introduces the topic of
online communication.

3 Chris outlines
/ questions the advantages of online meetings.

4 Hailey questions
/ agrees with the effectiveness of technology.

5 Rashid makes
/ asks for a suggestion.

6 Chandini expresses satisfaction
with / concern about the changes.

Chris introduces the topic of
storing information.

7 Rashid identifies / stops a threat.

8 Chris challenges / reassures the group.

Chris introduces the topic of
tablets.

9 Chandini argues against / supports the topic.

10 Chris disagrees with / explains the reasons for a decision.

A.      Vocab preview

1.addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/  (a): so enjoyable that you wan to have it as often as possible   

 

2.agenda /əˈdʒendə/   (n): all the things that need to be done, thought about, or solve 

 

3.angle (n):   a particular way of thinking about sth 

 

4.converage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/  (n): news about sth on TV or radio or in the newspapers 

 

5.exaggerate /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/  (v): to describe sth in a way that makes it seem, better or worse than it really is    

 

6.insight   /ˈɪnsaɪt/  (n): a chance to understand sth or learn more about it  

 

7.perception / pəˈsepʃn / (n): a particular way of understanding or thinking about sth  

 

8.revert to (v): to return to a previous state or way of behaving    

 

Match

1D     2A     3G         4E        5H        6C      7G        8F

 

2 Complete the sentences with your views.

1 .Cigarette is highly addictive and needs to be controlled.

2 .Media news coverage is the most reliable.

3 Companies tend to exaggerate products

4 In times of change, it is too easy to revert to initial

5.Government should make sure everyone is aware of the agenda.

6 People’s perceptions are often different

7 We can get a great deal of insight by Internet access

 

Vocab development

Phrases for discussion

 

1.

 

1.words

 

2.what

 

3.record

 

4.finger

 

5.thoughts

 

6.ball

 

7.outs

 

8.guard

2.

 

1.off the record

 

2.the ins and outs

 

3.be lost for words

 

4.put your finger on something

 

5.know what you're taking about

 

6.be caught off-guard

 

7.start the ball rolling

 

8.share your thoughts

Academic words

              1.accumulation /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃn/: the process by which something increases in amount   

 

2.compile /kəmˈpaɪl/  (v) : to make something by bringing together information from different places  

 

3.discretion /dɪˈskreʃn/  : the right or ability to make a judgment or decision   

 

4.enforce (v) : to make sure that a law or rule is obeyed by people   

 

5.persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/  (adj)  : continuing to do something in a determined way  

 

6.mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ ( adj) : felt or done in the same way by each of two or more people   

 

7.restrict (v) :     to keep something within strict limits   

 

8.rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/  (adj)  : not easily changed

 

Discussion point

1.     Which of the categories is most important in your region of the world?

àIn my opinion, the economic category is the most important because the integrated economic development of the marine economy is very important to the economy. It brings great economic value, promoting economic-commercial development,  restructure economic structure by territory, creats jobs, improves people's lives, etcw ơ

2. What negative effects might some of the points have on the world's oceans?

à Fishing, large-scale coastal developments, pollution, and climate change are all increasing at a rapid rate, putting entire ocean systems on the verge of irreversible tipping points.

3.      How should we prioritize the uses of the ocean?

 

à Ocean health is being compromised. Human health and ocean health are inextricably linked. Consequently, it is critical that we strategically identify the most significant threats to the ocean and consider best pathways to resolve these issues.

4.      What are the most important future considerations for the ocean?

àTo reduce the negative anthropogenic impacts on the marine environment, good governance, an enabling environment, sustainable land- and marine-based human activities, and adequate measures will be required.

Before you watch

combat(v): to fight against/ prevent

 

leg(n): a flat object that is attached to a surface

 

panel(n): part of journey

 

promote(v): to encourage the use of something

 

renewable(adj): describing an energy that can replace itself by  natural processes

The Greenpeace ship is solar powered - T

Greenpeace is an international organization - T

There are regular power cuts in Lebanon - F

Using solar energy is better for people's health - F

Solar panels are much cheaper in Lebanon because more people use              them. – T

- Youthful: /ˈjuːθfl/: typical of young people

- Tame: /teɪm/:  a long, thin piece of a natural or artificial substance, similar to a thread or hair in shape

- Popularize: /ˈpɑːpjələraɪz/: to make something popular with many people

- Caution: /ˈkɔːʃn/: careful thought and lack of hurry in order to try to avoid risks or danger

- Maneuver: /məˈnuːvər/: to perform an action or movement that you need care and skill to do

- Associate: /əˈsəʊsieɪt/: to form a connection in your mind between different people or things

- Fibers: /ˈfaɪbər/: to bring something under control

- Metaphors: /ˈmetəfər/: a word or phrase used to refer to something different in order to emphasize the two thing's similar qualities.

              a. tame

              b. metaphor

              c. maneuver

              d. fibers

              e. associate

              f. popularize

              g. caution

              h. youthful

    - Alarming: /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/: frightening or worrying

    - Consumption:  /kənˈsʌmpʃn/: the process of buying or using goods

    - Hypothesis: haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/: an idea that attempts to explain something, but has not yet been tested or proved

- Overestimate: /ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt/: to make a mistake by providing an amount or number that is too high

- Reproduce: / ˌRiːprəˈduːs /: to repeat or produce something in the same way as before

- Resistance: /rɪˈzɪstəns/: a refusal to accept something new such as a plan, idea, or change

- Yield: jiːld/: an amount of something that is produced or gathered

Industrialized: /ɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪzd/: describing a place or society with a lot of industry

1.     Match the word

1-d; 2-f; 3-c; 4-a; 5-g; 6-h; 7-e; 8-b

2.     1

3.      It can be alarming when you hear a sudden, loud crash of thunder.

4.      An example of a famous hypothesis is that sleep-deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleeping.

5.      Industrialized countries should be responsible for combating climate change.

6.      An example of an experiment that's difficult to produce a high degree of accuracy.

7.      In farming, the yield can be increased by you can improve your soil fertility through the addition of compost manure.

8.      Nowadays, in many places, there is more resistance to the drug.

9.      People tend to overestimate what can be done in one year

10.  Our consumption of products needs to meet the basic needs of food and water.

1 - Unspoiled

2 - Fragile

3 - Viable

4 - Thriving

5 - Bleak

6 - Comparative safety

7 -  Adverse conditions

         8 -  Devastation

  Convention: /kənˈvenʃn/: a way of behaving that is generally accepted as being normal and right (Quy ước)

 

Dimension: /daɪˈmenʃn/: length, height, or width (Kích thước)

 

Domain: a particular area or activity of life (Miền)

 

Duration:/duˈreɪʃn/: the period of time during which something continues to happen (Khoảng thời gian)

 

Marginal: /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl/: very small or insignificant (Ngoài lề)

 

Rely on: to trust something or someone to do something for you (Dựa vào)

 

Sustain: /səˈsteɪn/: to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist (Duy trì)

 

Underlie: /ˌʌndərˈlaɪ/: to the the real or basic cause of or reason for something (Nền tảng)

1-h; 2-e; 3-g; 4-c; 5-a; 6-d; 7-b; 8-f

 

1 domain

          2 rely on

          3 marginal

          4 underlie

          5 dimension

          6 duration

          7 sustain

          8 convention

I. DISCUSSION POINT

1. Which of the categories is most important in your region of the world

In my opinion, the economic category is the most important because integrated marine economic development has very important implications for the economy and development of other fields of each country such as politics, military. It brings great financial value, promotes economic - trade development, economic restructuring by region, creates jobs, improves people's living standards, ...

2. What negative effects might some of the points have on the world’s oceans?

Pressures such as fishing, large-scale coastal development, marine pollution and climate change are increasing at an exponential rate, putting the entire ocean system at risk of almost to the point where it is difficult to reverse the situation.

3. How should we prioritize the uses of the ocean?

Ocean health is being compromised. Human health and ocean health are closely linked. It is therefore important that we strategically identify the most significant threats to the oceans and consider the best avenues to address these problems.

4. What are the most important future considerations for the ocean?

There is a need for good governance, an enabling environment, sustainable human activities on land and sea, and appropriate measures to reduce negative human impacts on the marine environment.

II. VIDEO

Before you watch

Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.

1.combat(v) /ˈkɒm.bæt/:to flight against/prevent

2.leg(n) /leɡ/:part of a journey

3.panel(n) /ˈpæn.əl/:a flat object that is attached to a surface

4.promote(v) /prəˈməʊt/:to encourage the use of something

5.renewable(adj): /rɪˈnu·ə·bəl/describing an energy that can replace itself by natural processes

1-d, 2-a, 3-e, 4-c, 5-b

While you watch

Watch the video and choose T(true) or F(false)

1.The Greenpeace ship is solar powered T/F

2.Greenpeace is an international organization T/F

3.There are regular power cuts in Lebanon. T/F

4.Using solar energy is better for people’s health T/F

5.Solar panels are much cheaper in Lebanon because more people use them T/F

After you watch:

Discuss these questions in a group

1.What kind of energy sources are most common in your country?

The three main types of energy for power generation are fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and oil), nuclear energy, and renewable energy sources. Other major power generation technologies include gas turbines, hydroelectric turbines, wind turbines and solar photovoltaics.

2.What kinds of renewable energy would be suitable for your country?why?

Hydroelectricity is the most widely used renewable power source, with global installed hydropower capacity exceeding 1,295GW, accounting for more than 18% of the world's total installed generation capacity and more than 54% of power generation capacity. global regeneration.

3.What do you think could be done to raise people’s awareness of renewable?

An important reform is to educate the young public about renewable energy by not only increasing awareness in the existing curriculum about renewable energy sources, but also increasing the scope of research, degrees as well as schools dedicated to the fields of solar, wind and the exponents of renewable energy.

4.What do you think are the biggest obstacles to the use of renewable energy sources?

The biggest and well-known obstacle to the adoption of renewable energy today is cost, specifically the costs associated with the construction and installation of facilities such as solar or wind farms.

III. LISTENING 1:

A. Vocabulary preview

1. Read the sentence. Match the words in bold with the correct definitions below

1. Youthful: /ˈjuːθfl/ : typical of young people (trẻ trung)

2. Tame: /teɪm/ : a long, thin piece of a natural or artificial substance, similar to a thread or hair in shape

3. Popularize: /ˈpɑːpjələraɪz/ : to make something popular with many people (Phổ biến)

4. Caution: /ˈkɔːʃn/ : careful thought and lack of hurry in order to try to avoid risks or danger (Thận trọng)

5. Maneuver:/məˈnuːvər/ :to perform an action or movement that you need care and skill to do (Điều động)

6. Associate: /əˈsəʊsieɪt/ :to form a connection in your mind between different people or things (Kết hợp)

7. Fibers: /ˈfaɪbər/ : to bring something under control (Kiểm soát)

8. Metaphors: /ˈmetəfər/ :a word or phrase used to refer to something different in order to emphasize the two thing's similar qualities. (Phép ẩn dụ)

a- tame

b-metaphors

c-maneuver

d-fibers

e-associate

f-popularize

g-caution

h-youthful

IV. LISTENING 2

A. Vocabulary preview

1. Match the words in bold with the correct definitions

1. Alarming /əˈlɑːmin/(adj): frightening or worrying

2. Consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ (n):the process of buying or using goods

3. Hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθ.ə.sɪs/ (n): an idea that attempts to explain something, but has not yet been tested or proved

4. Industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.ə.laɪzd/ (adj): describing a place or society with a lot of industry

5. Overestimate /ˌəʊ.vəˈres.tɪ.meɪt/ (v): to make a mistake by providing an amount or number that is too high

6. Reproduce /ˌriː.prəˈdʒuːs/ (v): to repeat or produce something in the same way as before

7. Resistance /rɪˈzɪs.təns/(n) a refusal to accept something new such as a plan, idea, or change

8. Yield / jiːld / (n): an amount of something that is produced or gathered

2. Complete the sentences using your own ideas

1. It can be alarming when you hear a sudden, loud crash of thunder.

2. An example of a famous hypothesis is that sleep-deprived people will perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleeping.

3. Industrialized countries should be responsible for combating climate change.

4. An example of an experiment that's difficult to reproduce is a high degree of accuracy.

5. In farming, the yield can be increased by you can improve your soil fertility through the addition of compost manure.

6. Nowadays, in many places, there is more resistance to the drug.

7. People tend to overestimate what can be done in one year

8. Our consumption of products needs to meet the basic needs of food and water.

V. VOCABULARY

Vocabulary development

1. Match the words from the box with the correct meaning

- Bleak: /bliːk/ : without any reasons to feel happy or hopeful ( Ảm đạm)

- Devastation: /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃn/ : damage or destruction affecting a large area or a lot of people (Sự tàn phá)

- Fragile:/ˈfrædʒl/ : easy to break or damage (Dễ vỡ)

- Thriving: /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/ : very successful (Phát triển mạnh)

- Unspoiled: /ˌʌnˈspɔɪld/ : not changed in ways that make it less beautiful or enjoyable (Hoang sơ)

- Viable: circumstances that make it difficult or unpleasant for something to happen or exist (Khả thi)

- Comparative safety: a situation judged to be safe in comparison to something else

- Adverse conditions: able to live and grow in an independent way

1. unspoiled

2. fragile

3. viable

4. thriving

5. bleak

6. comparative safety

7. adverse conditions

8. devastation

Academic words

1.Match the words in bold with the correct definitions

1.Convention /kənˈven.ʃən/ (n):to provide the conditions in which something can happen or exist.

2.Dimension /ˌdaɪˈmen.ʃən/ (n):length,height,or width

3.Domain /dəˈmeɪn/ (n)particular area or activity of life

4.Duration /djʊəˈreɪ.ʃən/(n) the period of time during which something continues to happen

5.Marginal /ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl/(adj)very small or insignificant

6.Rely on /rɪˈlaɪ- /ɒn/(v)to trust someone or something to do something for you

7.Sustain /səˈsteɪn/(v):a way of behaving that is generally accepted as being normal and right.

8. Underlie /ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪ/(v): To be the real or basic cause of reason for something

2.Complete each sentence with a word in bold from ex 1

1.We shouldn’t ask experts for their opinion outside of their professional…

2.We cannot… governments to protect the environment.

3.We tend not to worry about things beyond the …of our lifetime.

4.The gains made from individual efforts to recycle are…

5.The… of a room are more important than the light in it.

6.To… our way of life,we all need to make changes.

7.Most of people naturally want to follow…

8.To understand a problem such as overfishing,we need to look at the issues that.. it.

Before you watch

1-e. bash (v) to hit

2-b. hard-hatted (adj) to damage

3-g. mindless (adj) without thought for consequences

4-a. slick (adj) impressive

5-f. trash (v) wearing a protective helmet

6-d. vent (v) to give expression to strong emotions

7-c. wreak destruction (phrase) to destroy

While you watch

Listening 1:Conflict resolution-what works best?

A Vocabulary preview

1. Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.

1-f. conciliation (n) the action of solving a problem or dealing with a disagreement in a satisfactory way

2-g. empathy (n) the ability to understand how someone feels because you can imagine what it is like to be them

3-c. fake (adj) made to look like something real in order to trick people

4-e. preventative (adj) done so that something does not become worse or turn into a problem

5-h. proposition (n) a statement that people can examine in order to decide whether it is true

6-d. resolution (n) a process that is intended to end an argument between two groups of people

7-b. theoretical (adj) based on theories or ideas instead of on practical experience

8-a. undeniable (adj) certainly correct or true

2. Complete the sentences with the words in the boxes.

1. Real-life experience must always be supported by theoretical arguments.

2. The most effective resolutions are agreed to by everyone involved.

3. Without empathy, agreement cannot be reached.

4. All sources of information should be carefully checked to ensure it is not fake

5. Conciliation is always easier when a third, neutral party is involved.

6. It is undeniable that conflict causes stress.

7. A proposition needs careful examination before being accepted.

8. Preventative measures are usually cheaper than finding solutions for a problem.

C Global listening

Listening 2:Role conflicts

A Vocabulary preview

1. Match the words bold with the correct definitions:

1-f. accommodate (v) to consider and include something when deciding what to do

2-h. compliance (n) the practice of obeying a law, rule, or request

3-b. inter- (prefix) between or among

4-e. intra- (prefix) within

5-c. organizational (adj) relating to a group of people who have a particular shared purpose

6-a. overlap (v) when two or more people or things share responsibility for something

7-d. pilot (v) to do something with only a few people to find out if something will be successful

8-g. subcategory (n) a secondary or subordinate category

2. Complete the sentences using the words in bold from Exercise 1:

1. Compliance with the law is what makes society possible.

2. Inter- personal skills (understanding other people) are vital

when people disagree strongly with each other.

3. Intra- personal skills (understanding yourself) help you get along with others.

4. It helps when learning vocabulary to divide it into subcategories

5. It is best to pilot a new way of solving problems in a low-stakes situation.

6. Modern workplaces must be flexible enough to accommodate different work patterns.

7. Organizational efficiency mainly comes from good management.

8. There is an overlap between the roles of teacher and parent.

Global listening

Vocabulary development

1.proactive: taking action and making changes before they need to be made

2.authority: someone who is considered an expert in a particular subject

3.boundary: something that marks where one area begins and another ends

4.changeable: tending to change suddenly and often

5.constructive: intended to be useful or helpful

6.decisive: making the final result of a situation certain

7.praise: to express strong approval or admiration of something or someone

8.delegate: to give part of your work or responsibilities to someone

2.Choose the correct words to complete the questions.

1.Is it more important to praise children for good behavior or punish them when they are bad?

2.Are people’s personalities ever generally changeable?

3.Do you think good managers should delegate a lot or a little?

4.Does being proactive mean you sometimes take risks?

5.How can you give constructive criticism rather than negative criticism?

6.Is it always useful to create a boundary around your role at work?

7.When people don’t agree, is it good to be decisive?

8.Why do some people have natural authority?

Academic words

1.Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.

1-h. amend (v) to make changes to a document, law, agreement, etc., especially in order to improve it

2-g. incentive (n) something that makes you want to do something because you know you will benefit

3-e. inherent (adj) describing a basic or essential feature that gives something its character

4-b. negate (v) to make something have no effect

5-d. radical (adj) very different from the usual way

6-c. refine (v) to make small changes to something in order to improve it

7-a. unify (v) to unite people or countries so they will work together

8-f. violation (n) an action that is in opposition to a law, agreement, principle, etc.

2.Complete each sentence with a word in bold from exercise 1.

1. It is a violation of a worker’s rights to expect them to work more

than five days a week.

2. It is best to give an incentive to young people to help with

household chores.

3. Management should explain why if they amend the rules in any

way.

4. One bad decision can easily negate years of work in government.

5. Radical views are never welcomed in the workplace or college.

6. To unify a group that is not working well together, you need to

talk.

7. You should always refine your ideas as far as possible before

sharing them.

8. It is inherent in the role of a doctor to be discreet.

Before you watch

Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.

1.combat(v) /ˈkɒm.bæt/ :to flight against/prevent

2.leg(n) /leɡ/: part of a journey

3.panel(n) /ˈpæn.əl /:a flat object that is attached to a surface

4.promote(v) /prəˈməʊt/: to encourage the use of something

5.renewable(adj): /rɪˈnu·ə·bəl/ describing an energy that can replace itself by

natural processes

While you watch

Watch the video and choose T(true) or F(false)

1.The Greenpeace ship is solar powered T

2.Greenpeace is an international organization T

3.There are regular power cuts in Lebanon. F

4.Using solar energy is better for people’s health F

5.Solar panels are much cheaper in Lebanon because more people use them T

III. LISTENING 1:

A. Vocabulary preview

1. Read the sentence. Match the words in bold with the correct definitions

below

1. Youthful: /ˈjuːθfl/ : typical of young people (trẻ trung)

2. Tame: /teɪm/ : a long, thin piece of a natural or artificial substance, similar to

a thread or hair in shape

3. Popularize: /ˈpɑːpjələraɪz/ : to make something popular with many people

(Phổ biến)

4. Caution: /ˈkɔːʃn/ : careful thought and lack of hurry in order to try to avoid

risks or danger (Thận trọng)

5. Maneuver:/məˈnuːvər/ :to perform an action or movement that you need care

and skill to do (Điều động)

6. Associate: /əˈsəʊsieɪt/ :to form a connection in your mind between different

people or things (Kết hợp)

7. Fibers: /ˈfaɪbər/ : to bring something under control (Kiểm soát)

8. Metaphors: /ˈmetəfər/ :a word or phrase used to refer to something different

in order to emphasize the two thing's similar qualities. (Phép ẩn dụ)

a- tame

b-metaphors

c-maneuver

d-fibers

e-associate

f-popularize

g-caution

h-youthful

IV. LISTENING

A. Vocabulary preview

1. Match the words in bold with the correct definitions

1. Alarming /əˈlɑːmin/(adj): frightening or worrying

2. Consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ (n):the process of buying or using goods

3. Hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθ.ə.sɪs/ (n): an idea that attempts to explain something, but

has not yet been tested or proved

4. Industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.ə.laɪzd/ (adj): describing a place or society with a lot

of industry

5. Overestimate /ˌəʊ.vəˈres.tɪ.meɪt/ (v): to make a mistake by providing an

amount or number that is too high

6. Reproduce /ˌriː.prəˈdʒuːs/ (v): to repeat or produce something in the same

way as before

7. Resistance /rɪˈzɪs.təns/(n) a refusal to accept something new such as a plan,

idea, or change

8. Yield / jiːld / (n): an amount of something that is produced or gathered

2. Complete the sentences using your own ideas

1. It can be alarming when you hear a sudden, loud crash of thunder.

2. An example of a famous hypothesis is that sleep-deprived people will

perform worse on a test than individuals who are not sleeping.

3. Industrialized countries should be responsible for combating climate

change.

4. An example of an experiment that's difficult to reproduce is a high degree of

accuracy.

5. In farming, the yield can be increased by you can improve your soil fertility

through the addition of compost manure.

6. Nowadays, in many places, there is more resistance to the drug.

7. People tend to overestimate what can be done in one year

8. Our consumption of products needs to meet the basic needs of food and

water.

V. VOCABULARY

1. Match the words from the box with the correct meaning

- Bleak: /bliːk/ : without any reasons to feel happy or hopeful ( Ảm đạm)

- Devastation: /ˌdevəˈsteɪʃn/ : damage or destruction affecting a large area or a

lot of people (Sự tàn phá)

- Fragile:/ˈfrædʒl/ : easy to break or damage (Dễ vỡ)

- Thriving: /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/ : very successful (Phát triển mạnh)

- Unspoiled: /ˌʌnˈspɔɪld/ : not changed in ways that make it less beautiful or

enjoyable (Hoang sơ)

- Viable: circumstances that make it difficult or unpleasant for something to

happen or exist (Khả thi)

- Comparative safety: a situation judged to be safe in comparison to something

else

- Adverse conditions: able to live and grow in an independent way

1. unspoiled

2. fragile

3. viable

4. thriving

5. bleak

6. comparative safety

7. adverse conditions

8. devastation

Academic words

1.Match the words in bold with the correct definitions

1.Convention /kənˈven.ʃən/ (n):to provide the conditions in which something

can happen or exist.

2.Dimension /ˌdaɪˈmen.ʃən/ (n):length,height,or width

3.Domain /dəˈmeɪn/ (n)particular area or activity of life

4.Duration /djʊəˈreɪ.ʃən/(n) the period of time during which something

continues to happen

5.Marginal /ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl/(adj)very small or insignificant

6.Rely on /rɪˈlaɪ- /ɒn/(v)to trust someone or something to do something for you

7.Sustain /səˈsteɪn/(v):a way of behaving that is generally accepted as being

normal and right.

8. Underlie /ˌʌn.dəˈlaɪ/(v): To be the real or basic cause of reason for something

2.Complete each sentence with a word in bold from ex 1

1.We shouldn’t ask experts for their opinion outside of their professional…

2.We cannot… governments to protect the environment.

3.We tend not to worry about things beyond the …of our lifetime.

4.The gains made from individual efforts to recycle are…

5.The… of a room are more important than the light in it.

6.To… our way of life,we all need to make changes.

7.Most of people naturally want to follow…

bash(v): to hit

hard-hatted(adj): wearing a protective helmet

mindless(adj): without thought for consequences

slick(adj): impressive

trash(v): to damage

vent(v): to give expression to strong emotions

wreak destruction(phrase): to destroy

While you watch

a publicity event

they had stressful jobs

more violent

it is being sold

LISTENING 1: Conflict resolution - what works best? 

 A,. Vocabulary preview

conciliation(n): the action or process of ending a disagreement, often by discussion between the groups or people involved

empathy(n): the ability to share someone else's feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person's situation

fake(sdj): an object that is made to look real or valuable in order to deceive people

preventative(adj): done so that something does not...

proposition(n): an offer or suggestion, usually in business

resolution(n): an official decision that is made after a group or organization has voted

theoretical(adj): based on the ideas that relate to a subject, not the practical uses of that subject

undeniable(adj): certainly correct or true

LISTENING 2: ROLE CONFLICTS

A,. Vocabulary preview

accommodate(v)

compliance(n): the practice of obeying a law, rule, or request

inter-(prefix): between or among

intra-(prefix): within

organizational(adj): relating to a group of people...

overlap(v)

pilot(v): when two or more people or things

subcategory(n)

Academic words

amend(v): to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document

incentive(n): something that encourages a person to do something

inherent(adj): existing as a natural or basic part of something

negate(v): to make something have no effect

radical(adj): very different from the usual way

refine(v): to make something pure or improve something, especially by removing unwanted material

unify(v): to bring together; combine

violation(n): an action that breaks or acts against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect

Discussion point

Before you watch

1-e. bash (v) to hit

2-b. hard-hatted (adj) to damage

3-g. mindless (adj) without thought for consequences

4-a. slick (adj) impressive

5-f. trash (v) wearing a protective helmet

6-d. vent (v) to give expression to strong emotions

7-c. wreak destruction (phrase) to destroy

While you watch

Listening 1:Conflict resolution-what works best?

A Vocabulary preview

1. Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.

1-f. conciliation (n) the action of solving a problem or dealing with a disagreement in a satisfactory way

2-g. empathy (n) the ability to understand how someone feels because you can imagine what it is like to be them

3-c. fake (adj) made to look like something real in order to trick people

4-e. preventative (adj) done so that something does not become worse or turn into a problem

5-h. proposition (n) a statement that people can examine in order to decide whether it is true

6-d. resolution (n) a process that is intended to end an argument between two groups of people

7-b. theoretical (adj) based on theories or ideas instead of on practical experience

8-a. undeniable (adj) certainly correct or true

2. Complete the sentences with the words in the boxes.

1. Real-life experience must always be supported by theoretical arguments.

2. The most effective resolutions are agreed to by everyone involved.

3. Without empathy, agreement cannot be reached.

4. All sources of information should be carefully checked to ensure it is not fake

5. Conciliation is always easier when a third, neutral party is involved.

6. It is undeniable that conflict causes stress.

7. A proposition needs careful examination before being accepted.

8. Preventative measures are usually cheaper than finding solutions for a problem.

C Global listening

Listening 2:Role conflicts

A Vocabulary preview

1. Match the words bold with the correct definitions:

1-f. accommodate (v) to consider and include something when deciding what to do

2-h. compliance (n) the practice of obeying a law, rule, or request

3-b. inter- (prefix) between or among

4-e. intra- (prefix) within

5-c. organizational (adj) relating to a group of people who have a particular shared purpose

6-a. overlap (v) when two or more people or things share responsibility for something

7-d. pilot (v) to do something with only a few people to find out if something will be successful

8-g. subcategory (n) a secondary or subordinate category

2. Complete the sentences using the words in bold from Exercise 1:

1. Compliance with the law is what makes society possible.

2. Inter- personal skills (understanding other people) are vital

when people disagree strongly with each other.

3. Intra- personal skills (understanding yourself) help you get along with others.

4. It helps when learning vocabulary to divide it into subcategories

5. It is best to pilot a new way of solving problems in a low-stakes situation.

6. Modern workplaces must be flexible enough to accommodate different work patterns.

7. Organizational efficiency mainly comes from good management.

8. There is an overlap between the roles of teacher and parent.

Global listening

Vocabulary development

1.proactive: taking action and making changes before they need to be made

2.authority: someone who is considered an expert in a particular subject

3.boundary: something that marks where one area begins and another ends

4.changeable: tending to change suddenly and often

5.constructive: intended to be useful or helpful

6.decisive: making the final result of a situation certain

7.praise: to express strong approval or admiration of something or someone

8.delegate: to give part of your work or responsibilities to someone

2.Choose the correct words to complete the questions.

1.Is it more important to praise children for good behavior or punish them when they are bad?

2.Are people’s personalities ever generally changeable?

3.Do you think good managers should delegate a lot or a little?

4.Does being proactive mean you sometimes take risks?

5.How can you give constructive criticism rather than negative criticism?

6.Is it always useful to create a boundary around your role at work?

7.When people don’t agree, is it good to be decisive?

8.Why do some people have natural authority?

Academic words

1.Match the words in bold with the correct definitions.

1-h. amend (v) to make changes to a document, law, agreement, etc., especially in order to improve it

2-g. incentive (n) something that makes you want to do something because you know you will benefit

3-e. inherent (adj) describing a basic or essential feature that gives something its character

4-b. negate (v) to make something have no effect

5-d. radical (adj) very different from the usual way

6-c. refine (v) to make small changes to something in order to improve it

7-a. unify (v) to unite people or countries so they will work together

8-f. violation (n) an action that is in opposition to a law, agreement, principle, etc.

2.Complete each sentence with a word in bold from exercise 1.

1. It is a violation of a worker’s rights to expect them to work more

than five days a week.

2. It is best to give an incentive to young people to help with

household chores.

3. Management should explain why if they amend the rules in any

way.

4. One bad decision can easily negate years of work in government.

5. Radical views are never welcomed in the workplace or college.

6. To unify a group that is not working well together, you need to

talk.

7. You should always refine your ideas as far as possible before

sharing them.

8. It is inherent in the role of a doctor to b