2- Corruption:

3-Environmental Crime, Narcotics trafficking and piracy

4- Human trafficking and Threats of Pandemic disease

2- Multiple layers of red types and officials.

3. lack of skilled workers.

The slowdown in sales because of the volatility in the rupiah isn't limited to laptops. Car and motorcycle sales dropped by 20%.

The government has come up with a slew of economic packages ranging from tax incentives, to a visa-free initiative in the hopes it will convince foreigners to buy more Indonesian goods, to boost the value of the rupiah.

Indonesia is South-east Asia's largest economy is a major exporter of commodities such as palm oil, rubber, coal and tin but saw revenues fall owing to falling prices.

It has also seen foreign investment cool because of political uncertainty.

President Joko has pledged to cut bureaucracy, improve infrastructures and fiscal problems.

A security consultant speaking at the conference warned terrorism now posed a bigger global threat than when the World Trade Centre was attacked in NY.

Radicalism, spurred by extremist religious teachings, has become the primary challenge of Indonesia's counterterrorism campaign. Given Indonesia's social diversity, radical preachers often deliver messages of hate and violence.

The “proxies” include shadowy organizations that defy identification but nonetheless constitute an unspecified but growing threat –small countries, NGOs, mass media or individuals acting as stand-ins for more powerful hidden entities out to attack Indonesia’s interests.

water availability- droughts, uncertain ability to produce agricultural goods, economic instability, and more undernourished people, hindering progress against poverty and food insecurity.

Sea level rise- 1 million at risk from flooding and sea-water inriusion. dry season, negative impact on aquaculture industry and infrastructure along the coasts.

biodiversity and ecosystem service- declines in fishing etc.

Human health- heat waves, floods, prolonged droughts leading to increased injury, illness and death. Increased vector-borne infections (malaria)...

In Indonesia, landslides caused by rains in deforested lands affect mostly the rural poor. Restoring and maintaining key ecosystems can help communities in their adaptation efforts while also creating jobs.

First, schools often lack proper land documentation. Second, communities are “free-riding”, using school properties without proper care. Third, schools face vandalism or theft.

There is significant inequality in the distribution of institutions throughout the country, with poorer regions having the fewest institutions of higher education, and a number of provinces within these regions having no public institutions at all. As an archipelago of more than 18,000 islands, distributing educational opportunities evenly is a tough task, especially with an estimated 700 different languages spoken across the country.

tion and rescaling efforts in recent years but, we demonstrate, the outcomes have been fundamentally shaped by the nature of the coalitions assembled to support and resist rescaling and the struggles between them, which are in turn conditioned by the political economy of the poultry industry

Indonesia is a net exporter of agro-food products but a net importer of most of its staple foods, including rice, wheat and maize. This leaves Indonesian policy-makers and consumers uneasy about the country’s vulnerability to international markets for these commodities and also uneasy about unforeseen events that may impact negatively on the country’s domestic food production capability. Transitory food insecurity is a concern for Indonesia not just because it is a net food importer, but also because possible international fuel price increases, macroeconomic shocks, plant and animal disease outbreaks and natural disasters all threaten the reliability of its food supplies

The urban pressures and pollutants from four main rivers in Jakarta Bay and Banten Province played a significant role in the environmental degradation. Most of the islands associated with Seribu Islands are at risk, if the urban development continues. The vulnerability analysis of Seribu Islandscan assist the decision makers to prepare pivotal actions in order to adapt the changes and developessential recovery programs for the region