Judy Bari - pg. 229-231

MLK - pg. Intro, 10-15, 20-25

Ghandi - pg. 13, 119, 149, 157,

Saul Alinsky/Alinskyte - pg. 32-37, 51

Strategic nonviolence - pg.

Momentum-driven organizing - pg. 40-44, 49, 122, 134, 162

Mass mobilization- pg. 45, 162

disruption, sacrifice, and escalation - pg. 45, 145-148, 152, 156

provoke, secure, sustain - pg.

Trigger event- pg. 181

Psychic Break - pg. 189

What was the movement about? "Called the Trail of Broken Treaties, the demonstration brought caravans of Native American activists from the West Coast to Washington, D.C. to demand redress for years of failed and destructive federal Indian policies."

This article highlights the importance of treaties and diplomacy in the AIM movement. AIM knew the only way to systemically dismantle the mass discrimination they faced daily was to focus on sovereignty. This directly relates to my research question and shows the importance of yet another trigger event(2/3).

This is one of three major trigger events that happened in AIM. It brought attention and caused disruption that made the government upset. Before, I had no idea Alcatraz was originally occupied by Natives but I should have known because they were here first before it became colonized.

Notable Quotes

• On double oppression:

  “Indigenous women in the American Indian Movement (AIM) frequently claimed that they were in a state of ‘double oppression’ or ‘double colonization’...through colonial domination and racial inequality, and...through male privilege and female subordination.”

• On women’s pivotal presence:

  “Indigenous women’s grassroots activism was fundamental for sustaining and keeping the occupation alive, yet women’s contributions were largely eclipsed by the actions of their media-savvy, male comrades-in-arms.”

• Ellen Moves Camp motivating action:

  “You AIM people, what are you going to do? You are supposed to be warriors... If you men can’t do it, then we women will.”

• Mary Crow Dog on patriarchy in AIM:

  “The AIM leaders are particularly sexist... They have learned the white man’s way of talking down to women and regarding their position as inferior.”

• Regina Brave on reclaiming warrior roles:

  “Wounded Knee showed the general public that there were Indian women who were warriors... we took our places back.”

• Phyllis Young on identity:

  “I am a Lakota patriot first... We fought so we could have choices... Because they need an identity. They need a language. They need a culture to survive.”

• Madonna Thunder Hawk on media portrayal:

  “The angry Indian man was better than angry Indian women. . . . The men were show-time.”

Quotes:

🔹 1. “The Indian women have to be twice as strong as the men. That is the only way we can survive as a people.”

This quote encapsulates the burden and resilience of Native women, especially during periods of deep cultural loss and political resistance. Women are portrayed as cultural carriers and protectors of the people.

🔹 2. “In the old days, the women were the backbone of the nation.”

Mary Crow Dog often reflects on the traditional power of Lakota women before colonization and forced assimilation — they were leaders, decision-makers, healers, and spiritual guides.

🔹 3. “The men were at the center of attention, but it was the women who held things together.”

This reflects the quiet but essential leadership women provided within movements like the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the Wounded Knee occupation. Though often not in the spotlight, women did much of the organizing, feeding, caregiving, and spiritual support.

🔹 4. “It was the women who went out to find food. The men gave the speeches, but the women made it possible.”

This emphasizes the behind-the-scenes power and labor of women during activist movements. Mary critiques the gender imbalance in recognition, even within liberation movements.

🔹 5. “Some of the medicine women were more powerful than the men. But their role was silenced for a long time.”

A reflection on how colonization and Christianization suppressed the spiritual authority of Indigenous women, especially in ceremonial and healing roles.