Rita El Alama, 2442291, Macroeconomics: section 3 by Rita El Alama https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1 en-us 2025-09-02 19:20:54 UTC 2025-11-14 18:10:28 UTC hello@padlet.com Chapter 3: What I Learned + Link to relevant article ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621373746 I refreshed my memory about supply and demand in chapter 3. I learned about the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded/supplied. For supply, it’s a positive relationship, and for demand, it’s a negative one. I also learned that changes along the demand curve are possible only though price changes. I learned about the various factors that cause shifts in the demand curve and the supply curve. Government policies, such as higher taxes, cause the supply curve to shift to the left, indicating a decrease, which I didn’t really think of until now.


Supply and demand in the food market article linked.

]]> 2025-10-07 07:54:46 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621373746 Chapter 3: Video Notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621376306 2025-10-07 07:56:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621376306 Chapter 3: End of Chapter Questions ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621381550 2025-10-07 08:00:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621381550 Chapter 6-7: What I Learned + Link to relevant article ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621382933 I learned about the different approaches for calculating GDP. I already knew about total expenditure and total output approaches, but I didn’t know about the circular flow model, which involves households, firms, government, and financial markets. The GDP deflator was an interesting topic, because it reflects price changes between years and can be used to calculate inflation as well. I also learned about the CPI again, the price changes of the average Canadian’s basket of goods and how it is publicly available and calculated monthly, which is useful. I learned that zero inflation is not good, because it prevents workers from asking for wage increases despite their increased productivity. I learned that wage is tied to inflation, which I haven’t thought of previously.


Statistics Canada CPI for August 2025

https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/250916/dq250916a-eng.htm?indid=3665-1&indgeo=0



]]> 2025-10-07 08:01:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621382933 Chapter 6-7: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621383323 2025-10-07 08:02:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621383323 Chapter 6: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621383796 2025-10-07 08:02:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621383796 Chapter 8-9: what I learned + link to relevant article ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621384117 In chapter 8 and 9, I learned about the labour market again, the production function was interesting because of the diminishing returns on capital, because of idle machinery or unproductive workers. I learned about the marginal product of labour and capital, which I thought was interesting because it measures the output and thus benefit of adding an additional unit of either one. Moreover, I found the MRPK/MRPL (marginal revenue product of capital/labour) and UC (user cost of capital) pretty fascinating because it is essentially a cost-benefit analysis, which is quite straightforward even though it seemed complicated at first. I learned that the user cost of capital takes in depreciation and real interest rates, and isn’t just the actual cost of purchasing the capital. I learned that there is an optimal amount of capital firms should purchase (k*) and we can find it out by calculating the MRPK and user cost and seeking to optimize it so that we can get the most revenue for the least relative cost.


-Labour Market and Unemployment rate this quarter:

https://www.rbc.com/en/thought-leadership/economics/economy-and-markets/macroeconomic-outlook/quarterly-canadian-outlook-low-but-positive-growth-ahead/


-

]]> 2025-10-07 08:02:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621384117 Chapter 8-9: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621384767 2025-10-07 08:03:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621384767 Chapter 8: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621385105 2025-10-07 08:03:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621385105 Chapter 10: what I learned + link to relevant article ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621385494 I learned about the closed economy, and how it relies on the interesting dynamic between savers and borrowers, who interact for liquidity in the market of loanable funds, a market by which supply = savers who provide funds to beat inflation rate by growing their money and earning high returns. I learned about how interest rates are determined in an open economy, through the formula r = rw. It was interesting to see how savers/borrowers affect the interest rates by choosing to borrow/save in different economies depending on the return/cost, which ultimately makes r = rw in the long-run.


Article: a report by the Bank of Canada, in which they examine interest rate policy in the country, loanable funds, and the influence of trade tensions on monetary decisions.

]]> 2025-10-07 08:03:52 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621385494 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621385987 2025-10-07 08:04:19 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621385987 Chapter 3: Video Notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621398164 2025-10-07 08:12:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621398164 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402029 2025-10-07 08:15:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402029 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402111 2025-10-07 08:15:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402111 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402173 2025-10-07 08:15:41 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402173 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402430 2025-10-07 08:15:48 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621402430 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621404085 2025-10-07 08:16:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621404085 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621404137 2025-10-07 08:17:01 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621404137 Chapter 10: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621404182 2025-10-07 08:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621404182 Chapter 6-7: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621412212 2025-10-07 08:23:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621412212 Chapter 6-7: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621412256 2025-10-07 08:23:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621412256 Chapter 6-7: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621412297 2025-10-07 08:23:15 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621412297 Chapter 8-9: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621741165 2025-10-07 12:28:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621741165 Chapter 8-9: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621741225 2025-10-07 12:28:53 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621741225 Chapter 8-9: video notes ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621741314 2025-10-07 12:28:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621741314 Chapter 3: End of Chapter Questions ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621745977 2025-10-07 12:31:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621745977 Chapter 3: End of Chapter Questions ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621746058 2025-10-07 12:31:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621746058 Chapter 3: End of Chapter Questions ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621746232 2025-10-07 12:31:38 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621746232 Chapter 7: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747373 2025-10-07 12:32:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747373 Chapter 7: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747452 2025-10-07 12:32:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747452 Chapter 7: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747588 2025-10-07 12:32:24 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747588 Chapter 7: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747649 2025-10-07 12:32:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747649 Chapter 6: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747707 2025-10-07 12:32:28 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747707 Chapter 6: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747803 2025-10-07 12:32:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621747803 Chapter 9: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748186 2025-10-07 12:32:47 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748186 Chapter 8: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748284 2025-10-07 12:32:49 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748284 Chapter 8: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748344 2025-10-07 12:32:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748344 Chapter 9: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748415 2025-10-07 12:32:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748415 Chapter 9: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748469 2025-10-07 12:32:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748469 Chapter 9: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748520 2025-10-07 12:32:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748520 Chapter 8: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748554 2025-10-07 12:33:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748554 Chapter 10: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748883 2025-10-07 12:33:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748883 Chapter 10: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748957 2025-10-07 12:33:16 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748957 Chapter 10: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748986 2025-10-07 12:33:18 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3621748986 Chapter 10: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3622005962 2025-10-07 14:49:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3622005962 Chapter 9: end of chapter problems ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3622129210 2025-10-07 15:52:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3622129210 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680992664 2025-11-13 10:48:43 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680992664 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996351 2025-11-13 10:51:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996351 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996353 2025-11-13 10:51:54 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996353 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996395 2025-11-13 10:51:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996395 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996956 2025-11-13 10:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680996956 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997090 2025-11-13 10:52:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997090 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997105 2025-11-13 10:52:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997105 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997515 2025-11-13 10:52:56 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997515 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997562 2025-11-13 10:52:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997562 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997593 2025-11-13 10:53:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997593 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997666 2025-11-13 10:53:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997666 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997722 2025-11-13 10:53:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997722 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997818 2025-11-13 10:53:12 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3680997818 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681597625 2025-11-13 17:39:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681597625 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681598399 2025-11-13 17:40:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681598399 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681598839 2025-11-13 17:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681598839 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681599231 2025-11-13 17:40:39 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681599231 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681600036 2025-11-13 17:41:08 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681600036 What I learned in chapter 13 + recent article ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681610529 I learned that fiscal policy involves the government’s use of taxes, transfers, and purchases of goods and services to shift the aggregate demand curve. Expansionary fiscal policy (increased spending or reduced taxes) shifts AD rightward, while contractionary fiscal policy shifts it leftward. The fiscal multiplier effect means that changes in government spending have a more powerful impact than equal-sized tax changes because some tax changes are absorbed by savings. I also learned about automatic stabilizers (like progressive taxes and unemployment benefits) that reduce economic fluctuations without government intervention. An important economic concern is that persistent budget deficits lead to growing public debt, measured by the debt-GDP ratio, which can cause crowding out and create long-run risks including potential debt spiralling out of control.


The article shows the Canadian government debt-to-GDP ratio is concerning and not meeting targets, as the deficit is increasing.

]]> 2025-11-13 17:48:59 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681610529 What I learned in chapter 14 + article ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681611232 I learned that money serves three essential functions: medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. The money supply has evolved from commodity money (like gold) to fiat money backed only by government authority. The Bank of Canada measures money supply in different ways (M1+, M2, M3), with broader definitions including increasingly less liquid assets. Banks play a crucial role in creating money through the fractional reserve banking system—when deposits are made, banks lend out excess reserves, creating a money multiplier effect. The reserve ratio determines how much money the banking system can create from an initial deposit. The Bank of Canada (Canada’s central bank) controls the monetary base and regulates banks through reserve requirements and capital requirements to ensure financial stability and prevent bank runs.


The article is about theBoC reducing its policy interest rate to 3.25% in December 2024, using a tool of monetary policy as inflation returned near the 2% target. The article shows the BoC’s role as the central bank in controlling the money supply and interest rates through monetary policy. By lowering interest rates, the BoC is utilizing expansionary monetary policy to stimulate economic activity by encouraging consumer spending and business investment.

]]> 2025-11-13 17:49:29 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681611232 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681615021 2025-11-13 17:52:09 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681615021 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681618173 2025-11-13 17:54:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681618173 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681618835 2025-11-13 17:54:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681618835 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681619418 2025-11-13 17:55:22 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681619418 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681619500 2025-11-13 17:55:26 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681619500 ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681619866 2025-11-13 17:55:44 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681619866 What I learned in chapter 12 + article ritaelalama1 https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681623987 I learned that the aggregate demand curve shows the relationship between the aggregate price level and the quantity of output demanded in an economy. The AD curve slopes downward due to two key effects: the wealth effect (higher prices reduce purchasing power and spending) and the interest rate effect (higher prices increase interest rates, reducing investment). I also learned about the distinction between short-run and long-run aggregate supply—the short-run AS curve is upward sloping because nominal wages are sticky, while the long-run AS curve is vertical at potential output. Economic fluctuations occur through demand shocks (which move price and output in the same direction) and supply shocks (which move them in opposite directions). The economy is self-correcting in the long run through nominal wage adjustments that restore equilibrium at potential output.


The article is about how changes in household consumption affected AD to the right in the US in 2024, and drove GDP growth along the SRAS curve, like in the AD-AS model.

]]> 2025-11-13 17:59:16 UTC https://padlet.com/ritaelalama1/hty8487le95c5wy1/wish/3681623987